Srinivas

These TS 6th Class Science Important Questions 9th Lesson Plants: Parts and Functions are crafted to align with the curriculum, ensuring students are well-prepared for assessments.

TS 6th Class Science Important Questions 9th Lesson Plants: Parts and Functions

Question 1.
What is venation ? What is its use?
Answer:
The arrangement of veins in the lamina of leaf is called venation. Venation acts as a skeleton of the leaf and gives it a shape and support.

Question 2.
What is transpiration?
Answer:
Plants release excess water in their body through stomata and some other parts as well. This water is released in the forms of vapour and this process is called transpiration.

Question 3.
What are the functions of root?
Answer:
Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil and also help in anchoring the plant body to the soil.

Question 4.
Name the types of venations we see in the plants.
Answer:
There are two types of venations in different plants.

• Reticulate venation
• Parallel venation

Question 5.
How many types of roots are present in plants and name them.
Answer:
There are two types of root systems.

• Tap root system
• Fibrous root system

Question 6.
What happens when stomata are not present in leaf?
Answer:
If stomata are absent in leaf plants cannot take carbon dioxide which is useful for preparation of food.
Excess of water taken by plants cannot he expelled out. Exchange of gases will be stopped. As a result plant cannot perform its functions.

Question 7.
What would happen if there are no veins in the leaf?
Answer:
If veins are absent the leaves would lose their specific shape and support from the stem. The food that is prepared in the leaf cannot be supplied to the other parts of the plant. The water and minerals coming from the roots (via) stem cannot reach the leaves due to absence of veins.

Question 8.
Prove the experiment. “The excess water is evaporated from plants by the process by transpiration”. With the help of the procedure write the result.
(Or)
Write the procedure you followed for conducting an experiment on transpiration. Write the required material for experiment. What did you observe at last?
Answer:
Material required for transpiration experiment: Well watered potted plant, 2 polythene bags, twine thread.

Procedure: A well watered potted plant is picked up from the school garden. One of the leafy branches of the plant is enclosed in a polythene bag and tied up at its mouth. Another polythene bag is tied up at its mouth without keeping plant. The preparations are kept in the sun for few hours.

Observation : It is observed that tiny droplets of water appear on the inner side of leafy branch enclosed in polythene bag, whereas the other bag has no such droplets.

Question 9.
Collect any 5 plants and observe their paris. Write your observations in the table as it is given below.
Answer:

1. We have to observe the following.

• Presence or absence of flowers, roots, leaf, skin.
• Common parts in the collected plants.

I collected the following plants and tabulated as the following:
Answer:

Question 10.
Collect the following plants, observe the roots. Classify the type of root system in them. (Tap root system and fibrous root system)
Tabulate the information as given below. Name of the plants :
(a) Grass
(b) Tulasi
(c) Ummetta
(d) Maize (Jonnalu)
(e) Beans.

Answer:
I collected the given plants from the surroundings. I observed the root systems of the plants. They are tabulated as given below.

Question 11.
Teacher asked you to collect any 5 branches of 5 different plants. Observe the leaf modifications (Leaf base, Petiole, Lamina, shape and Edges of the leaves). Tabulate the information as shown. I was asked to find out the similarities among those collected leaves.

Answer:
Aim : To find out similarities among the collected plant leaves.
Procedure : I visited my surroundings. I collected the branches of 5 different plants. I observed their leaf modifications. All the information is tabulated as given below.

Question 12.
VI class boys brought stems of 5 differents plants. They are
1. Beans
2. Guava
3. Brinjal
4. Neem
5. Cucumber.
They were asked to find out their position of growth. They tabulated the information. How can you get the information with the following table ?

Answer:

Question 13.
Read the following information and answer the given questions.
The leaf lamina usually consists of a midrib/ veins and veinlets arranged in the form of a network. The long vein present in the middle of the lamina is called midrib. The branches arising from the midrib are called veins and the even finer divisions are veinlets. The arrangement of veins in the lamina is called venation. Venation acts as a skeleton of the leaf and give it a shape and support.

1. Which structures form a network in the leaf ?
Answer:
Midrib, veins and veinlets.

2. What is the use of venation to the leaf ?
Answer:
Venation acts as a skeleton of the leaf.

3. What are the veins ?
Answer:
The branches arising from the midrib of leaf are called veins.

4. Which is the long vein in lamina ?
Answer:
Midrib.

Question 14.
Draw the diagrams of tap root system and fibrous root system of plants.
Answer:

Question 15.
Draw any three storage roots (tubers). Write the definition of tubers.
Answer:

Definition of tubers : The roots which store the food material in storage tissue are called tubers.

Question 16.
Draw a neat labelled diagram of stomata in leaf. How is it useful to plant?

Use of stomata in plants : Stomata are useful in the exchange of gases between the plant and atmosphere.

Question 17.
Mention the indicated parts of the following and write any function of the leaf.

Answer:

• Mid rib of the leaf
• Leaf lamina

Function of leaf: Leaf prepares food by the process of photosynthesis.

Question 18.
(a) Draw the following plant and identify the parts A, B, C.
Answer:
A – Roots B – Stem C – Leaf

(b) How do roots help the plant?
Answer:
Roots help in the absorption of water and minerals from the soil.

These TS 6th Class Science Important Questions 8th Lesson Fibre to Fabric serves as a valuable tool for students to prioritize their studying and revision efforts.

TS 6th Class Science Important Questions 8th Lesson Fibre to Fabric

Question 1.
Name two fibres obtained from plants.
Answer:
Cotton, jute, hemp, flax etc.

Question 2.
Name two fabrics obtained from animals.
Answer:
Silk and wool

Question 3.
Name two fabrics obtained from chemical substances.
Answer:
Terylene, nylon

Question 4.
What is the process of spinning of jute fibres as threads and ropes called?
Answer:
Retting.

Question 5.
When silk is burnt, what is the smell given out?
Answer:
Smell of burning feathers.

Question 6.
How is coconut fibre obtained?
Answer:
From outer layer of coconut fruit

Question 7.
How is wool obtained?
Answer:
From the fur of the sheep.

Question 8.
Which type of fabric is used in book binding?
Answer:
Calico. (Calico is a rough and heavy cotton cloth)

Question 9.
What are fibres?
Answer:
The thinner strands of a thread.

Question 10.
What is the source of cotton?
Answer:
Cotton boils.

Question 11.
How is weaving done?
Answer:
On looms

Question 12.
There is a difference in the prices of fabrics. Why?
Answer:
The price of a fabric depends on various factors, like:

• The nature of fabric – Whether synthetic or natural
• Texture
• durability
• smoothness
• Thickness
• colour
• shrinking property
• availability of the fabric
• demand in the market, etc.

Question 13.
What types of clothes we wear in these seasons?
(i) Summer?
Answer:
Cotton clothes

(ii) Winter?
Answer:
Woollen clothes

(iii) Rainy?
Answer:
Synthetic clothes

Question 14.
On which factors does the selection of a fabric by a person, depend?
Answer:
Personal choice, personality of the owner and his/her ability to pay are all the factors in the selection of a right fabric.

Question 15.
How are the gunny bags made up of ? What are their uses?
Answer:

• Gunny bags are made up of coarse (rough) jute fabric.
• They are used to pack commercial crops like paddy, chilli grams, tamarind, etc.
• Fine quality of jute is also used in making jute fabrics.

Question 16.
Do you know how jute yarn is made ? Is this process same as that for cotton or is there any difference?
Answer:
1. The making of jute yarn differs from that of the cotton yarn.
2. Making of jute yarn:

• The jute plant is normally harvested when it is at flowering stage.
• The stems of the harvested plants are cut and immersed in water for some days.
• When the stem is soaked in water it become rotten and easy to peel.
• Then the fibres are separated from the stems to make jute yarn.

Question 17.
How a jute fabric differs from a cotton fabric?
Answer:
Jute fabric is harder, stronger and more rough than the cotton fabric.

Question 18.
Name a few plants, from which fibre is obtained from their stems.
Answer:

• Hemp : Used to make ropes and cloth.
• Flax: Used to prepare ropes and papers of good quality.

Question 19.
Name a few places in our state, famous for handloom industry.
Answer:
In our state, Gadwal, Venkatagiri, Siricilla, Narayanpet, Dharmavaram, Pochampalli, Mangalagiri, Kothakota are famous for handloom industry.

Question 20.
Write the differences between natural fibres and artificial fibres?
Answer:

Question 21.
Read the following fibres and classify them as it is given in tabular form
Wool, Nylon, Terylene, Cotton, Silk, Acrylic, Polyester, Gunny bag.

Answer:

Question 22.
What questions would you ask your teacher about natural fibres?
Answer:

• Why do we depend on only cotton, sheep and silkworm for natural fibres?
• Can’t we make fibres completely similar to that of natural fibres?
• What are the uses of natural fibres?
• Are natural fibres similar to artificial fibres?

Question 23.
Write the information collected by you about classification of fabrics that are used by your choice. Write names of the things that are made up of each fabric.

(i) Which kind of fabric is being used more in your house ?
(ii) How do you identify the type of fabric ?
Answer:

(i) Cotton and Polyester fabrics are widely used in the house.
(ii) Fabrics are identified by the following ways

• By touching
• By observing duration of dryness after washing
• Wight of the cloth
• Sense of heat after wearing the cloth
• Shining given by the cloth.

Question 24.
How did you identify the type of fabric?
Answer:

• Polyester / wrinkled / fabrics are generally smooth, soft and light in weight. They get wrinkled after washing.
• Cotton fabrics are some what thicker than polyester fabrics. But they get wrinkled after washing. Coarse cotton clothes are heavier than smooth cotton fabrics.
• Silk fabrics are slippery and shiny in nature.
• Woollen fabrics are rough to touch and are somewhat heavier than silk fabrics.

Question 25.
You are provided with pieces of cotton, wool, silk and nylon.
Answer:

Answer the following questions.

(i) Give examples for natural fibres and artificial fibres.
Answer:
Natural fibres : cotton (plant origin)

Aritificial fibres: Nylon

(ii) Which types of fabrics are smooth in nature?
Answer:
Silk is slippery to touch. Nylon is smooth and soft to touch. Cotton and wool are rough to touch.

(iii) Which type of fabrics dry in a short time?
Answer:
Artificial fabrics

(iv) Do you find any relation between smoothness and time to dry?
Answer:
The two factors are inversely related. With the increase in smoothness, the time taken for it to dry, decreases.

(v) Which fabrics give ash when they are burn?
Answer:
The natural fabrics leave ash when burn.

Question 26.
Draw the diagram showing making mat. Write the process.
Answer:
Coconut leaves are collected. They are cut and the middle veins of the leaves are removed. So that two halves of leaves are separated. These strips are put parallel to each other. Remaining strips are inserted horizontally and alternately between the vertical strips. Finally you will get a sheet like structure. This is the way a mat is prepared.

These TS 6th Class Science Important Questions 7th Lesson Separation of Substances serves as a valuable tool for students to prioritize their studying and revision efforts.

TS 6th Class Science Important Questions 7th Lesson Separation of Substances

Question 1.
What type of mixture is our soil?
Answer:
A natural mixture

Question 2.
Can water be used to separate the components of any mixture?
Answer:
No.

Question 3.
How can you separate rotten fruits from fresh fruits?
Answer:
Hand picking process.

Question 4.
Which property helps in separating the husk from grain?
Answer:
Difference in weights of the husk and grains.

Question 5.
Why sedimentation takes place?
Answer:
Due to gravity.

Question 6.
How does precipitation differ from sedimentation?
Answer:
Precipitation is rapid, whereas sedimentation is a very slow process

Question 7.
Can you have filter papers with different pore sizes?
Answer:
Yes.

Question 8.
Which of the following does sublime, when heated?
(a) camphor
(b) common salt
(c) Iodine
(d) Ammonium chloride
Answer:
Items a, c and d sublime

Question 9.
Which process can be used to remove impurities from water?
Answer:
Distillation

Question 10.
How is butter taken out from milk or curd?
Answer:
By Churning

Question 11.
Which method is better for separating tea leaves from prepared tea, decantation or filtration?
Answer:
Filtration.

Question 12.
What is the reverse of evaporation?
Answer:
Condensation.
(Note : The process of conversion of vapour into its liquid form is called condensation.)

Question 13.
List out the different substances that are used to make the items given in the following table.
(Or)
Define mixtures. Name some of the mixtures, that you have seen, tested in your daily life. List out the different substances that are used to make above said mixtures.
Answer:
Definition: The component having more than one substance is called mixture.

Question 14.
The materials ghee, wax, sand, sugar, salt, haldi, dal, plastic, wood and iron nails are supplied. Answer the following.

(i) Which materials float on water?
Answer:
Wax, plastic and wood float on water.

(ii) Which materials sink in water?
Answer:
Sand, dal and iron nails sink in water.

(iii) Which materials are soluble in water?
Answer:
Sugar and salt are soluble in water.

(iv) Which materials are insoluble in water?
Answer:
Ghee and haldi are insoluble in water.

Question 15.A.
You might have come across some situations where you have to separate some components from a mixture. Write down two examples of such situations.
Answer:
Case 1. Stones are separated from pulses.
Case 2. Husk is separated from wheat flour.

Question 15. B.

(i) Did you able to separate each component from the mixture?
Answer:
Yes.

(ii) Are the methods used to separate the components same in all these instances?
Answer:
No.

(iii) What are the properties of the components that are used in separating them?
Answer:
In case 1, hand picking. The colour difference between the pulses and the stones made it possible to separate them by hand picking. In case 2, sieving, difference in size between the flour particles (very fine) and the husk particles (large).

Question 16.
Can you separate salt from sand by hand picking?
Answer:
No.

Question 17.
What differences in the properties of rice, pulses and stones help us in separating them by the method of hand picking?
Answer:
There are two reasons.

• The size of the stone is different from rice or pulses.
• The colour of stone, rice and pulses are different.

Question 18.
Give some examples of day-to-day life, where the hand-picking method is used.
Answer:

• Separating tomato, green chillis and radish.
• Rotten eggs are removed from fresh eggs.
• Separating pencils and erasers.

Question 19.
A little of the soil is shaken with water in a glass tumbler. It ¡s kept undisturbed for some time. Then mud particles settle at the bottom of the tumbler. Why is it so?
Answer:

• Mud is not soluble in water.
• Mud is heavier than water.
  So mud particles settle at the bottom of the tumbler

Question 20.
(a) Can you separate mud from muddy water using a sieve?
Answer:
No.

(b) How small should be the pores of the sieve to do this?
Answer:
The size of the pores of the sieve should be smaller than the size of the fine mud particles.

(c) Now, you use a cloth as a sieve. Is the water clear after sieving?
Answer:
No, the water is not clear.

Question 21.
How is salt extracted from sea water?
Answer:
Sea water is captured in wide pans and is exposed to air and sunlight. Then water evaporates and the salt is left behind in the pAnswer: The process is called ‘crystallisation.’

Question 22.
What is ‘distilled water’?
Answer:
When water is boiled, some water vapourises. These vapours are collected in a flask and cooled. Then these vapours turn into water. This water is free from impurities. It is called ‘distilled water’.

Question 23.
What are the uses of ‘distilled water’?
Answer:

• The injection powder is first mixed with distilled water. Then this liquid is injected to patients, by doctors.
• In chemical laboratories, distilled water is used during chemical analysis.

Question 24.
In order to separate the components of a mixture, we make use of their difference in colour, shape, size, weight, solubility.
(a) Can we use these features for separating mixtures of powdered salt and camphor?
Answer:
No. However, property of solubility may be used in common salt dissolves in water, while camphor is insoluble in water. Now the salt is recovered from the salt water, by evaporation process.

(b) What other properties can be use?
Answer:
Sublimation. Camphor sublimes. Salt does not sublime.

Question 25.
What is chromatography?
(Or)
Which method is used to separate colours from a mixture of colours?
Answer:
Chromatography is a technique used for separating mixtures of gases, liquids or dissolved substances.

Question 26.
Give an example of chromatography.
Answer:
Ink appears to be made of a simple colour but it is actually a mixture of many colours. The qualitative separation of ink into its component colours can be done using chromatography.

Question 27.
Where do we use chromatography method?
Answer:
Chromatography is used to separate the colours and then identify the components of a mixture. Ex: Ink, green pigment of leaf, dyes, etc.

Question 28.
Describe any four methods which separate the material.
Answer:

• Winnowing – Eg: Separation of husk from the paddy grains
• Hand – picking: Eg: Separation of stones from rice and pulses
• Crystallization – Eg : Separation of soluble substances from the solution.
• Decantation – Eg: Floating substance is separated by leaving the sediment in the container.
• Chromatography – Eg: Separation of colours from different mixtures of colours.

Question 29.
How do farmers separate husk from grains?
Answer:
Farmers separate husk from grains by the method called “Winnowing”.

Question 30.
Write the method you follow to separate
(a) Mud from water
(b) Husk and flour
Answer:
(a) Mud from water : Filtration
(b) Husk and flour : Sieving

Question 31.
What is sublimation ? Give an example.
Answer:
The process in which a substance changes directly from solid to gaseous form and vice-versa is called sublimation. Eg: Sublimation of camphor.

Question 32.
Can you separate salt from salt water, using a filter paper? If not, why?
Answer:
No.
Reason : The particles of salt dissolved in water are so small in size, that they easily pass through the fine pores of the filter paper. So they can’t be separated by filtration.

Question 33.
Rani filtered mud water by using filter paper. You cannot understand how it is possible. Write down some questions which will be asked by you.
Answer:

• How can we separate mud from water?
• is it possible to separa te mud from water?
• What are the tools required to filter mud water?
• Is mud water filtered easily?
• Are there any techniques to filter mud water?

Question 34.
Hemanth purchased green chilli, coriander seeds, tomato, red gram, wheat flour and kept them safely in a bag. While returning he fell and all the items in the bag got mixed. How will he separate?
1. Which material will he separate first?
2. How would he separate tomato and chilli?
3. How would he separate wheat flour?
4. How would he separate coriander seeds?
Answer:

1. First tomato and chilli are separated.
2. By hand picking.
3. Wheat flour is separated by sieving.
4. Coriander seeds can be separated from red gram by winnowing.

Question 35.
What is distilled water? Write the arrangement of apparatus to make distilled water by distillation with a neat labelled diagram.
(Or)
What process do you follow to obtain distilled water on your own? Explain the procedure. Mention the apparatus.
(Or)
Write the procedure and precautions taken in the extraction of distilled water experiment.
Answer:
The water content that is made free from impurities by the process of vapourisation technique is called distilled water.
Preparation of distilled water:

Required apparatus : Two conical flasks, water, plastic tube, bunsen flame, tripod, 2 single holed rubber corks etc.

Precautions:

• Inserting tubes into the rubber holders is done gently.
• Applying heat to the flask should be observed carefully.

Procedure: A conical flask is filled with water and closed with cork having a hole. Take an another conical flask with a cork having a hole and insert another glass tube through it. Connect both tubes with a plastic tube. Water containing flask is heated.

Observation : It is observed that water vapour goes into the empty flask. It turns slowly into water. The water in the second conical flask is called distilled water.

Question 36.
Describe the experiment of sublimation of camphor with a figure.
(Or)
How do you demonstrate the process of sublimation ? What apparatus did you use ?
Answer:
Aim : To observe the sublimation of camphor.

Apparatus : Cotton, glass funnel, china dish,camphor and powdered salt, stand, burner etc.

Procedure : A mixture of camphor and powdered salt is taken in a china dish and covered with a funnel. The dish is placed on a stand. It is heated with a burner.

Observation : When camphor is heated, it transforms into a gaseous form without changing into liquid.
Similarly, on cooling, the gaseous form of a camphor changes directly into a solid without going to the liquid state.

Question 37.
Write the process of separation of husk from grain.
Answer:
Standing on a high platform, the husk and grain mixture is allowed to drop slowly from the flat pan.
As a result the wind carries the husk forward and the grains fall vertically downward. A separate heap of grain is formed.

Question 38.
Which separation method is used to separate the mixture of Suji (Raya) and sugar?
Answer:
The method sieving is used to separate Suji (Rava)and sugar.
The fine and smaller particles of raya pass through sieve holes. The sugar crystals are left on the sieve plate.

Question 39.
Write the experimentation method and precautionary measures to know about chromatography method.
Answer:
Aim : To show the phenomenon of chromatography.
Required materials : Chalk piece, ink, plate, water etc.

Procedure : A stick of white chalk is taken. An ink (blue or black) mark is put around the curved surface of the chalk. A plate is taken and filled with little amount of water. Ensure that the water does not touch the ink mark. The set up is kept undisturbed for sometime.

Observation : It is observed that the chalk piece absorbed water. Water absorption took place upto its tip. Some colours appeared from the ink border. Yellow, red, blue, green etc are seen from the ink mark to tip of the chalk piece.

Question 40.
A mixture of sand, sawdust and salt Is given in a beaker, half-filled with water. The mixture is stirred well and allowed to settle for 10 minutes. Answer the following.

(a) Which substance floats on the water?
Answer:
Saw dust

(b) How can you collect it?
Answer:
Using a perforated wooden spoon.

(c) Which substance settles at the bottom of the beaker?
Answer:
Sand.

(d) How can you collect it back?
Answer:
Filtration

(e) Which substance is dissolved in the water?
Answer:
Salt

(f) How can you get it back?
Answer:
Crystallisation.

Question 41.
Your teacher conducted the following experiment in the classroom.
(a) What is the name of the experiment?
Answer:
Chromatography

(b) What do you observe in the colour on the chalk piece in this experiment?
Answer: Different colours formed from the ink mark, expanded on the chalk.

These TS 6th Class Science Important Questions 6th Lesson Habitat serves as a valuable tool for students to prioritize their studying and revision efforts.

TS 6th Class Science Important Questions 6th Lesson Habitat

I. Conceptual Understanding :

Question 1.
Write about pond habitat and organisms in that surroundings.
Answer:
There are several organisms in a pond. The different regions in the pond with different communities of some organisms are present. This is due to some conditions like availability of different amounts of food, air, light etc.,

Different organisms at different regions :

(a) Above the pond surface : Dragonfly, mayfly and kingfisher living above the surface of the pond.

(b) Pond surface : Organisms like snail, whirling beetle and pond skater live on the surface. The larva of mayfly and dragonfly also live on the surface of pond.

(c) Mid water : Great water boatman, leech and mosquito larva are found in midwater. Fish and crabs also swim around this region.

(d) Pond margins : Several grasses, frogs, cranes, crabs etc., are seen in this region. Fish usually lay eggs here.

(e) Bottom of the pond : This region has plants like Hydrilla and animals like mussels, flatworms and some maggots larva of some insects like fly.

Question 2.
Write about the nature of the bottom of the pond.
Answer:
The bottom of the pond has plants like Hydrilla and animals like mussels, flatworms and some maggots larva of some insects like fly. Light is minimum here, but food, in the form of dead and decaying matter is in plenty.

Question 3.
What are aquatic and terrestrial habitats ?
Answer:
The habitat of water is called aquatic habitat. The habitat of land is called terrestrial habitat.

Question 4.
Write a few lines about desert habitat and the organisms that live in the desert habitat.
Answer:
Desert possesses high temperature and the atmosphere is always dry. Yet, in the adverse atmosphere, many plants and animals are living in the desert. Desert plants and animals are suited to drv conditions and vast temperature differences. Eg : Cactus, acacia, aloevera are plants. Camel, dogs are animals.

Question 5.
What is a habitat ? Name some plants and animals which live in aquatic and terrestrial habitats.
Answer:
Habitat is a dwelling place for plants and animals that gives them optimum conditions of life.

Examples of terrestrial plants: Neem, mango, jasmine, guava, apple, orange, lemon tree, grapes etc.

Terrestrial animals : Tiger, lion, sheep, cow, cat, dog, donkey, monkey etc. Aquatic animals : Fish, turtle, snail, crab, prawn, whale, shark, star fish, insects, snakes etc.

Aquatic plants: Hydrilla, lotus, vallisnaria, pistia, water hyacinth, algae etc.

Question 6.
Tree is a habitat. Explain with examples.
(or)
How do you say that tree is a habitat for many organisms ?
Answer:
Tree gives shelter and food for many animals. So we should consider that tree is a habitat. Birds, monkeys, squirrels, snakes, ants, spiders, caterpillars, moths, bees, wasps, mosquitoes etc are some of the organisms that live on the tree. There are also some smaller plants live on the tree. Eg : Mosses.

Question 7.
What are the animals that share the surface of the pond as habitat ?
Answer:
Dragonfly, mayfly, smaller insects, kingfisher bird etc., share the surface of the pond.

II. Asking Questions and Making Hypothesis :

Question 8.
Your teacher asked you about the surroundings of your home. He confirmed that your home is as a habitat. Can you agree with your teacher ?
Answer:

1. Yes, I can agree with my teacher that my house is habitat.
2. In fact we live in our house, that protects us from heat, cold and rain etc. and it is shelter for us.
3. We keep some animals and birds as pets in our houses.
4. We also grow some plants which give us fruits and vegetables.

Question 9.
Imagine a deer is shifted from its natural habitat forest to another habitat (desert). What will be the effect on it ?
Answer:

1. Deer cannot live in the desert habitat.
2. It will suffer from lack of food, water and hot weather conditions.
3. Dry conditions will trouble it seriously.
4. Deer may die due to dryness and water less and food scarcity.

Question 10.
What type of questions do you ask your teacher to know about desert plants ?
Answer:

1. How can plants grow in desert ?
2. How can plants withstand desert atmosphere ?
3. What type of plants grow in deserts ?
4. Can desert plants give fruits ?

Question 11.
Why shouldn’t we kill the smaller animals and insects ?
Answer:

1. Insects and some other animals help us by cleaning the environment.
2. Some insects eat harmful micro organisms.
3. Some insects and animals help us in good crops yields.
4. Hence we should not kill any animal and insects.

Question 12.
Read the following para. Answer the following questions.
Tree is also a habitat. Birds, Monkeys, Squirrels, Snakes, Ants, Spiders, Caterpillars, Moths, Bees, Wasps, Mosquitoes and some of the algae we usually observe on the trees.

(a) The organisms that are found at the base of tree
Answer:
Snakes, ants, algae.

(b) Organisms appear between the branches.
Answer:
Monkeys, ants, mosquitoes, birds, caterpillar, spiders

(c) Organisms live on the trunk
Answer:
Ants, algae, bees, moths

(d) Organisms live under the bark Answer: Wasps, bees etc.

Question 13.
Write some names of the plants and animals which live in water. Are leaves of all plants growing in the pond similar ? Why?
Answer:
Animals live in water: Fish, crab, snail, pond skater, insects, prawn, snakes etc. Plants live in water: Vallisnaria, lotus, water hyacinth, grass etc.

1. Leaves of plants that live in water are not similar.
2. For example some plants such as Hydrilla have smaller scaly leaves that can withstand the water currents.
3. Some plants such as lotus have larger and wax layer coarsed leaves that enable to float on the water surface.

III. Experimentation and field Investigation :

Question 14.
Collect an aquatic plant say a Hydrilla or Vallisneria. Also collect any land plant. Now compare the two and write your observation in a table.
Answer:
With the instructions of our science teacher we visited the garden and a pond. As we were instructed to get a water plant we picked Hydrilla plant from pond. And we have collected Tulasi plant also. The parts of the two plants are observed. Some differences are seen in their parts. They were tabulated as follows.

IV. Information Skills and Projects :

Question 15.
Read the following.

Snake, cat, lotus, bird, dung beetle, earthworm, prawns. Where is each organism found most often ? Tabulate the information collected from surroundings.
Answer:

Question 16.
We know that tree is a habitat. You go to field and observe a tree. Find out the organisms which are living on different places of the tree. Tabulate the information.

Question 17.
Analyse the information given in the table and answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Fill the boxes with organisms in I, II, III, IV columns.
Answer:
Earth worm – insects — ants – lizards

Question 2.
In which habitat bat is included ?
Answer:
Other place

Question 3.
What are the habitats which are said to be other places ?
Answer:
House, caves etc.

Question 4.
Name the organism which lives in multiple habitat along with snake.
Answer:
Insect, snake, ants.

Question 18.
Observe the given table.

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What are the habitats of snake ?
Answer:
In the soil, on the soil, in the water and other areas.

Question 2.
Mention/write other two habitats which are not shown in the table.
Answer:
Forest, garden, house, tree etc.

Question 3.
In the above table, what will be the other habitats/areas, mentioned ?
Answer:
Caves, old houses, polar regions etc.

Question 4.
Like tortoise, mention other two animals which live in two different habitats.
Answer:
Dog, snake.

Write the answers based on the information from the above table.

Question 1.
Name the motile organisms in the pond.
Answer:
Leech, mosquito larva, fish, crab, frog, etc.

Question 2.
Which zone contains high amount of food in the pond ?
Answer:
Pond surface.

Question 3.
List out the plant species which grow in pond ecosystem habitat.
Answer:
Lotus, Pistia, Grass, Hydrilla etc.

Question 4.
Inner / bottom zone of pond consists less species of plants and animals. Why ?
Answer:
Light is minimum in the bottom of pond.

Question 20.
Observe the following table about the living organisms in a pond and answer to the questions given below.

Questions:

Question 1.
Which plants can be seen on the pond surface ?
Answer:
Pistia, Echornia.:

Question 2.
Which animals can be seen in the mid-water ?
Answer:
Whirling beetle, pond skaters, mosquito larvae.

Question 3.
Where can the decomposers be seen in the pond ?
Answer:
Bottom of the pond.

Question 4.
Where can snails and crabs be seen in the pond ?
Answer:
Pond margins.

Question 21.
Read the following para and answer the questions.

We have seen that different organisms live in our surroundings. In these some live on land, in land, in water and on water. Some times most of them live in the same place. Living organisms have different needs.They usually stay in the places where most of their needs are met, that is, they get sufficient food, shelter and other conditions necessary for life. All organisms depend on their surroundings for their needs like food, water, air and shelter.The surrounding which meets the needs of a particular organism in the best manner is the habitat of that organism. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What is meant by habitat ?
Answer:
A place for organisms to give maximum needs of life.

Question 2.
On which components of their surroundings the organisms depend ?
Answer:
Food, water, air and favourable weather.

Question 3.
Give an example of an organism which lives on both land and in water.
Answer:
Frog.

Question 4.
Why do all the living organisms live in different places ?
Answer:
Living habits, availability of food and body conditions make organisms live in different places.

V. Communication through Drawing and Model Making :

Question 22.
Draw the diagram of pond habitat and label the different regions of the habitat.

Question 23.
Draw any three plants and three animals of the pond habitat.
Answer:

Question 24.
Draw any three organism belonging to the above the pond surface.
Answer:

Question 25.
Draw a sketch or a pond and the possible animals and plants that would live in the different places of this pond.
Answer:

Answer:
Different organisms at different regions :

(a) Above the pond surface: Dragonfly, mayfly and kingfisher live above the surface of the pond.
(b) Pond surface : Organisms like snail, whirling beetle and pond skater live on the surface. Mayfly and dragonfly also live on the surface of pond.
(c) Mid water : Great water boatman, leech and mosquito larva are found in midwater. Fish and crabs also swim around thh ‘vgion.
(d) Pond margins : Several grasses, frogs, cranes, etc., are seen in this region. Fishes usually lay eggs here.
(e) Bottom of the pond : This region has plants lil rilla and animals like mussels, flatworms and some maggots.

Question 26.
Identify the following plant and write its nam

Answer:
The given plant is Hydrilla. It is a water plant.

Question 27.
All the organisms have right to live in this environment. How do you support this statement ?
Answer:

1. A good unharmed habitat leads to a better life for us.
2. If we harm any organism in the same way we will be harmed directly or indirectly as well.
3. Interdependency of different organisms leads existence of every creature on the earth.
4. If we allow other organisms to live we will be allowed to live safely.
5. Therefore every organism has right to live.

Question 28.
Rani saw a garden and said, “It is a beautiful habitat”. Why did she say so ?
Answer:

1. We enjoy the sight of a brightly coloured flowers or a passing butterfly and birds in the garden.
2. This natural phenomenon make us feel an aesthetic sense.
3. Garden makes us having a true friendship with the nature.
4. The beauty of nature partly lies in the garden.
5. Not only a beautiful habitat but also a habitat for several organisms.

Question 29.
“We cannot live without plants.” Support your answer.
Answer:

1. Plants are the prime useful sources for man. Man obtain oxygen for breath-ing.
2. We get varieties of fruits, seeds, leaves, roots from plants.
3. Plants clean the environment by taking carbondioxide that is released by us.
4. Plants help us to have sufficient rains and give us cool climate.
5. Therefore we cannot live without plants.

Question 30.
Bhashini doesn’t want to disturb squirrels that eat fruits on the guava tree at her house. Why does she do so ?
Answer:

1. We should give a chance to every creature to live in its habitat.
2. We should remember that there is an interdependence of organisms.
3. If we have a good unharmed habitat of any animal of it will lead a better life for us.
4. Guava tree is a habitat for squirrels to obtain food material.
5. Therefore Bhashini doesn’t want to disturb squirrels on guava tree since it is a good habitat for squirrels.

Telangana SCERT 6th Class Hindi Study Material Telangana Pdf 4th Lesson बाज़ार Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 6th Class Hindi 4th Lesson Questions and Answers Telangana बाज़ार

सुनो-बोलो :

प्रश्न 1.
बाज़ार में क्या-क्या मिलता है ?
उत्तर :
बाजार में पुस्तकें, खिलौने, मिटाइयाँ, चूड़ियाँ, बर्तन, आइसक्रीम आदि मिलते हैं।

प्रश्न 2.
बाज़ार से क्या लाभ है ?
उत्तर :
बाज़ार में कई चीज़ें मिलती हैं। इसलिए हम सब चीज़ों को यहाँ खरीद सकते हैं। इधर-उधर भटकने की जरूूरत नहीं पड़ती। समय तथा शक्ति की बचत होती है।

प्रश्न 3.
गीत गाओ। भाव के बारे में बातचीत करो।
उत्तर :
यह बाज़ार देखो। यह बाजार बहुत प्याग है। इस में सब कुछ मिलता है। यह बाज़ार सब लोगों का हैं।

प्रश्न 4.
अगर घर के पास बाज़ार न हो तो क्या होगा ?
उत्तर :
अगर घर के पास बाज़ार न हो तो हमें चीज़ें खरीदने के लिए इधर-उधर भटकना पड़ता है। बाज़ार टूर होने पर आने-जाने में समय नष्ट होता है। बस, ऑटो के लिए भी धन खर्च कग्ना पडता है।

पढ़ो :

अ. चित्र के आधार पर वाक्य पढ़े। ‘ऋ ‘अक्षर पर ‘○’ लगाओ।

उत्तर :

आ. चित्र देखो। शब्द पढ़ो। इनके वर्ण वर्णमाला चार्ट में पहचानो। ‘○’ लगाओ।
చిత్రం చూడండి. చదవండి. క్రింది చార్టులో వీటిని ‘○’ ద్వారా గుర్తించండి.

उत्तर :

इ. इन्हें पढ़ो।

उत्तर :

ई. ॠ मात्रा जोड़ते हुए पढ़ो।

उत्तर :

लिखो :

अ. सुंदर अक्षरों में लिखो।
అందమైన అక్షరాలలో రాయండి.

उत्तर :

आ. शब्द पढ़ो। लिखो।

इ. अक्षरों को मिलाकर पढ़ो। लिखो।

उत्तर :

ई. रंग भरो। नाम लिखो।

उत्तर :
फलों की टोकरी

अभ्यासकार्य :

1. निम्नलिखित कविता का वाचन कीजिए। प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए :
క్రింది కవిత్వాన్ని చదవండి. ప్రశ్నలకు సమాధానాలు వ్రాయండి.

चूँ-चूँ करती चिडिया आई,
छम-छम करता मोर।
शेर दहाडता दौडा आया,
जंगल में मच गया शोर।।
लाठी लेकर भालू आया,
सबने खेला खेल।।

प्रश्न 1.
चिडिया क्या करती आई?
1) धड-धड
2) चूँ-चूँ
3) छम-छम
उत्तर :
2) चूँ-चूँ

प्रश्न 2.
मोर क्या करता है?
1) छम-छम
2) धड-धड
3) चूँ-चूँ
उत्तर :
1) छम-छम

प्रश्न 3.
कौन दहाडता दौडा आया?
1) वाध
2) मोर
3) शेर
उत्तर :
3) शेर

प्रश्न 4.
जंगल में क्या मच गया?
1) मोल
2) उत्सव
3) शोर
उत्तर :
3) शोर

प्रश्न 5.
भालू क्या लेकर आया?
1) शेर
2) लाठी
3) लकड़ी
उत्तर :
2) लाठी

2. खाली स्थान भरो।

उत्तर :
1. खेत में बैल है।
2. यह फल की टोकरी है।

3. नीचे दिये गये वर्णों और मात्राओं से नये शब्द लिखो।

1. ॠणि
2. बाल
3. कृषि
4. टिकट
5. जीभ
6. ॠतु
7. टब
8. लाना
9. फटा
10. नीला
11. लाभ
12. कान
13. भालू
14. इधर
15. ईसा
16. फिर
17. कब
18. बल
19. नभ
20. अब
21. जल
22. ऊन
23. कान
24. जीभ
25. फूल
26. कृषक

सारांश-సారాంశం :

अर्थ (అర్ధములు) (Meanings) :

These TS 6th Class Science Important Questions 5th Lesson Materials and Things serves as a valuable tool for students to prioritize their studying and revision efforts.

TS 6th Class Science Important Questions 5th Lesson Materials and Things

Question 1.
List out some of the objects from your house which would break and would not broke?
Answer:
Objects that would break : Cup, glass, earthern pots, mirror, plastic chair etc.,
Objects that would not break : Stainless steel glass, steel, plate, iron chair,door, cylinder, cooking vessel etc.

Question 2.
Based on light penetration through the material how many types of materials are there? Give examples for each type that are used in our daily life. (Or) Give examples for
(a) Transparent
(b) Opaque
(c) Translucent
Answer:
(a) Transparent: The material through which we can easily see the objects are said to be transparent.
Eg : Glass, water, polythene paper.

(b) Opaque: The material through which we cannot see the objects are said to be opaque.
Eg: Wood, steel, card board.

(c) Translucent: The material through which we can see the objects but not very clearly are said to be translucent.
Eg : Oil paper, tracing paper.

Question 3.
What are soluble and Insoluble substances? Give examples.
Answer:
(a) Soluble substances : Certain materials dissolve when mixed with water.
These are said to be soluble substances. Eg: Sugar, salt etc.

(b) Insoluble substances : The materials that do not dissolve in water are said to be insoluble substances. Eg: Coconut oil, kerosene etc.

Question 4.
Give four examples each for the substances which sink and float on water.
Answer:
Substances that sink in water : Stone, iron, nail
Substances that float on water : Wood, plastic etc.

Question 5.
Mention any two materials which can dissolve in water.
Answer:
Salt, sugar, chalk powder etc.

Question 6.
Explain solid, liquid and gaseous states with examples.
Answer:

• Solids : Those materials which do not change shape are called solids. Eg: Wood, rock, brick etc.
• Liquids : The materials which change shape are called liquids. Eg : Water, oil, kerosene etc.
• Gases: The materials which change shape and volume are called gases. Eg: Air

Question 7.
List out the following things as transparent, opaque and translucent materials.
(wood, oily paper, glass, steel mirror, plastic)
Answer:

Question 8.
(Water, gold, kerosene, diamond, petrol, alcohol, wood, iron)
Classify the above substances basing on the state of matter.
Answer:
Solids : Gold, diamond, wood, iron
Liquids : Water, kerosene, petrol, alcohol

Question 9.
Write the difference between transparent substances and opaque substances. Give suitable examples for both.
Answer:

Question 10.
Classify the following objects into transparent and opaque.
Glass, plate, book, iron scale, car mirror, steel plate, spectacles, wooden piece.
Answer:
Transparent substances : Glass, spectacles.
Opaque substances: Plate, book, iron scale, car mirror, steel plate, wooden piece.

Question 11.
What are the things made by wood in your home ? Mention their usage.
Answer:
Things made up of wood:

• Chair, door, windows, table etc.
• Chairs are used for sitting.
• Table is used for keeping books and things, windows and doors are used for ventilation and protecting houses.

Question 12.
Can you make a cricket ball with mud or glass?
Answer:
We cannot make a cricket ball with mud or glass because cricket ball is made up of hard and strong material that withstand hard hitting shots. Mud loses soil particles. It can become much hard even though it is dried. Glass easily breaks.

Question 13.
Why do some substances float on the water and some sink in the water? Give example.
Answer:
Substances which have lesser densities compared to the density of water float on water.
Eg: Wood, cork, plastic etc.
Substances which are more denser than water sink in water.
Eg: iron, stone etc.

Question 14.
Deepika made the tomato sink in water, which actually floats on the surface. Imagine how it became possible to her.
Answer:
Deepika made the tomato more denser than its original density. She might have attached another object to tomato to increase its weight and density. Therefore tomato sinks in the water.

Question 15.
List out some Important things from your home. Ask your parents or friends from which material each object may possibly be made of and tabulate them.
Answer:
Aim of the project : To list out the things from my home and the materials with which they are made of.

Question 16.
Name as many things/objects as you can make using the materials given below and tabulate them.
1. Metal
2. Plastic
3. Glass
4. Wood
5. Cotton
6. Leather
7. Ceramic
8. Rock
Answer:

Question 17.
Prepare a list of objects around you and find which of them are transparent and which are opaque. Write them in table.
Answer:
I listed out the following objects from our surroundings. They are :

• Glass jar
• Steel glass
• Water with glass bottle
• Exam pad
• Wood
• Note book
• Polythene cover.

Question 18.
Ask your friends about the names of some objects. List out them.
Classify them into solids, liquids and gases. Make the table.
Answer:
Collected objects : Stone, milk, smoke, water, oil, chalk piece, pen box, cool drink, seeds, kerosene, air in the balloon, book, lemon juice, cv linier gas. white fumes of candle.

Question 18.
Ask your friends about the names of some objects. List out them. Classify them into solids, liquids and gases. Make the table.
Answer:
Collected objects : Stone, milk, smoke, water, oil, chalk piece, pen box, cool drink, seeds, kerosene, air in the balloon, book, lemon juice, cylinder gas, white fumes of candle.

Question 19.
Read the following items. Predict which of them sink or float in water.
Then try to test whether your predictions are correct or wrong by dropping them in a beaker of water. Find and record your observation.
1. tomato
2. brinjal
3. potato
4. iron nail
5. sponge
6. wood
7. stone
8. leaf
9. chalk piece
10. paper.
Answer:
Aim :- To test the given items whether they float or sink in the water.
Procedure :-

Question 20.
Observe the solubility of the following substances.
Do the experiment. Tabulate the results.
(a) sugar
(b) salt
(c) sand
(d) saw dust.
Answer:
Aim – To observe the solubility of the given substances.
Requirements – Four glasses full of water, sugar, salt, sand, sawdust.

Procedure –

• I brought four small glasses and placed them on the table. They are filled with fresh water.
• Then I took small quantities of sugar, salt, sand and saw dust. They are added to the four glasses respectively.
• They are kept on the table undisturbed for half an hour.

Observation – is observed that all the materials in four glasses are not completely soluble in water. The observations are given below.

Question 21.
Write down what do you observe in the activity on ‘soluble or insoluble in water’ using the following objects in your school laboratory?
Answer:

Question 22.
Sugar, salt, saw dust, sand, sponge, iron nail etc.
In the above list we observe that certain materials are soluble or insoubIe, float or sink in water.
Now answer the following questions

(i) Which materials are insoluble?
Answer:
Saw dust, sponge, iron nail

(ii) Which materials are soluble in water?
Answer:
Sugar, salt

(iii) What happens when sponge and saw dust are kept in water?
Answer:
Sponge and saw dust absorbs and water slowly sink.

(iv) Give examples to materials which sink in water.
Answer:
Stone, iron nail

Question 23.
Describe the experiment that you conducted for knowing semi transparency.
Answer:

• A sheet of white paper is taken.
• A trial is made to see a lighted bulb through it. But nothing is seen.
• Then a few drops of oil is poured on that sheet.
• Once again the trial is made to see the lighted bulb through oil applied paper.
• Bulb is seen through the oil paper, but not very clearly.
• These substances are called translucent substances.

Question 24.
Write your observations you made by doing the following activities.

• Mix chalk powder in water.
• Place a piece of candle in water.
• Add some oil drops to a beaker or water.
• Drop an egg in a beaker of salt water.

Answer:
It is observed that all the materials are not completely soluble.

Question 25.
Observe your surroundings. Classify the solids, liquids and gases. Write in a tabular form.
Answer:

Question 26.
Observe the table and write answers to given below questions.
Answer:

Now answer the following questions.

(i) What objects require paint?
Answer:
Door, cycle, mirror

(ii) Mention two objects which are made by same material.
Answer:
Door, mirror, knife etc.

(iii) Choose any one object mentioned in the given table and write necessary materials used for them.
Answer:
Cycle requires iron, rubber and plastic.

(iv) In the given table wherever we mentioned the name metal, write what type of metal it is.
Answer:
Aluminium or non rusting materials.

Question 27.
Answer the following questions.

(i) Why do plastic toy and wood float on water?
Answer:
The density of toy and wood are less than that of water. That is why they float on water.

(ii) Some items float on water even though they have weight. How is it possible?
Answer:
Even though the objects are heavy weight, the depth of water body and density of water make the objects float on water surface.

Question 28.

Read the above table and answer the following questions.

(i) What type of object is glass jar?
Answer: Transparent substance

(ii) Is polyethene cover not transparent? What is transparency?
Answer:
Polythene cover is a transparent substance. The ability of a substance through which we can see objects is called transparency.

(iii) Give example to opaque object.
Answer:
Steel plate, rod, rock, book etc.

(iv) Give example to translucent object.
Answer:
Oil paper, window glass etc.

Question 29.
Observe the following table and answer the questions.

(i) Which substances are used to prepare utensils and bowls?
Answer:
Metal

(ii) What are the things that are prepared by plastic?
Answer: Bags, chairs

(iii) Which substances are used in manufacturing mirror?
Answer: Glass

(iv) What are the things made of wood?
Answer: Door, table etc.

Question 30.
Analyse the following information and answer the questions.

(i) Which objects are made of one material?
Answer:
Pot

(ii) What materials are used for making bicycle?
Answer:
Steel, rubber, iron etc

(iii) Which objects are made of meire than one material?
Answer:
Door, bicycle, towel

(iv) Identify the natural materials in the given table.
Answer:
Clay, Cotton, dye

Question 31.
Study the table given and answer the questions.

(i) Which object is made from foam and rexin ?
Answer:
Sofa

(ii) Name the objects where wood is used.
Answer:
Window, chair, cricket bat

(iii) Which material is used for cricket bat ?
Answer:
Wood, rubber

(iv) Mention the objects prepared using leather.
Answer:
Shoes

Question 32.

According to the above diagram it is concluded that the candle caught the fire even keeping the match stick away from it. But the match stick is placed above the extinguished candle. Give your reason. Explain.
Answer:

• There is a white smoke column rising from the wick of the candle as soon as we extinguish the flame.
• If we bring the burning match stick close to that smoke the wick burns.
• Because the smoke is nothing but the vaporous form of the candle material.
• It enables the wick to burn. The white fumes coming from the wick, help in burning the wick immediately.

Question 33.
Plastic bags are dangerous for life. Write consequences that occur due to over usage of plastic.
Answer:

• Plastic pollution affects animals and man.
• When plastic bags are burnt they release toxic gases into the air.
• Once plastic bags become bitter they find their way into water bodies, fertile soil, parks, fields etc.
• The decomposition or degradation of plastic takes about 400 years.
• Thus everyone should think to minimise using plastic bags.

These TS 6th Class Science Important Questions 4th Lesson What Do Animals Eat? serves as a valuable tool for students to prioritize their studying and revision efforts.

TS 6th Class Science Important Questions 4th Lesson What Do Animals Eat?

Question 1.
Define the following. Give examples.
(a) Herbivores
(b) Carnivores
(c) Omnivores
(Or)
How many types of animals are there on asis of their food habit?
(Or)
Write down the modes of getting food mais.
Answer:
(a) Herbivores: Animals that depend oni’ on plants for food are called herbivores.
Eg: Sheep, cow, goat

(b) Carnivores: Animals that depend on other animals for food are called
Carnivores. Eg: Lion, tiger, dog.

(c) Omnivores: AnimaIs that take food from plants and animals are called
omnivores. Eg: Man, bear.

Question 2.
Write a few lines about skaters. How do they capture the food?
Answer:

• Pond skaters are the insects which feeds on other insects.
• We can find pond skaters near a pond.
• They move quickly from one side of the pond to another to catch an insect that falls in water.
• They detect ripples produced in water by any other insect trapped on the outer surface.
• They compare the ripples on the opposite side of the pond, caused by legs of the insect struggling to move out, calculate the distance and sets out to grab it.

Question 3.
Can we call the crows as natural scavengers? (Or)
How do the crows help us cleaning the environment?
Answer:
Crows that live in our surroundings usually eat waste and rotten food material dead animal etc. They keep our surroundings clean in this manner. So they are called natural scavengers.

Question 4.
Write a few lines about rumination of herbivores. (Or)
How does the cow collect its food ? Write the process of digestion in it.
Answer:
Animals like cows, chew food very fast and swallow and store it in a part of their stomach. After sometime they take food material back from the stomach to the mouth and chew it again. This process is called “rumination”.

Question 5.
Do you know about nocturnals ? Write about them.
Answer:
Some animals search for their food only at night. Cockroaches, desert lizards, rats, owls, bats, moths, crickets etc., get their food at night only. During day time they hide in dark places. These type of animals are called “nocturnals”.

Question 6.
What are the ways by which animals take their food in?
Answer:
Sucking, licking, pecking, chewing, peeling, swallowing are all the ways by which animals take their food in.

Question 7.
Prepare a food chain by using the following animals. (Lion, Grass, Deer)
Answer:
Grass → Deer → Lion

Question 8.
Write the differences between Herbivores – Carnivores
Answer:

Question 9.
Describe one food chain with examples.
Answer:
Grass → Insects → Frog → Snake → Hawk

• Grass is a primary producer. It gets food naturally. They prepare their food on their own.
• Insects are primary consumers. They feed on plants.
• Frog feeds on insects. Frog is considered a secondary consumer.
• Snake eats frogs. Snake is a tertiary consumer in the food chain.
• Hawk is the top most consumer that eats snake.

Question 10.
Name some animals which use tongue for taking the food.
Answer:
Frog, lizard, garden lizard etc.

Question 11.
Make a food chain with these organisms.
Grass, Wolf, Goat.
Answer:
Grass → Goat → Wolf.

Question 12.
Write food habits of four animals and compare each other.
Answer:

Question 13.
Explain how woodpecker and parrot get their food.
Answer:
Woodpecker:

• The food of woodpecker consists of insects, nuts, seeds, ants etc.
• It has sharp, hard and long beak to collect food.
• Woodpeckers sometimes drill and make holes in the bark of tree trunks to collect the insects. These birds are generally called omnivores based on food habits.

Parrot:

• Parrots are also omnivorous. They eat both small insects/meat and fruits.
• They use their hooked beak to collect the food.

Question 14.
How do bats search food material in the night?
Answer:

• Bats are not blind. But at night their ears are more important than their eyes.
• As they fly they make ultrasonic sounds.
• The returning echoes give the bats information about the food.
• This system of finding prey is called echo location.

Question 15.
What is a food chain ? Write any three food chains present in your surroundings.
Answer:
Food chain: Group of organisms each dependent on the next as a source of food is called food cham.
Eg: Grass → grasshopper → garden lizard
Plants → goat → man
Insects → frog → snake

Question 16.
Can you imagine the wonder world of ants?
(Or)
What do you learn from ants?
Answer:

1. Ants do a lot of things. Their colony has large ant forces to do the work.
   There are mainly workers, soldiers, female and male ants.
2. The workers collect and maintain food stock for others in the colony along with several other duties.
3. Just as we keep cows for milk, ants keep a type of insect called aphids.
4. Ants are known for their discipline.

Question 17.
What happens if any organism disappears from food chain?
Answer:

1. If any organism disappears from the food chain, then the organisms in the next trophic level dependent on these organisms will die due to unavailability of food.
2. The population of organisms in the below trophic level will increase.

Question 18.
What will happen if leaches lack suckers?
Answer:
Leaches obtain their food by sucking. Naturally their food is blood of animals.
If suckers are absent leaches cannot get their food.

Question 19.
Rat → Cat → Dog
If cat is eliminated from the above food chain what consequences occur?
Answer:
If cat is eliminated from the given food chain the following consequences will occur.

1. Rat population will increase. As a result, crops are destroyed by rats. When crops are destroyed food production ultimately will decrease. Therefore people may suffer from food scarcity.
2. Elimination of cat will lead to struggle in the dog’s population. But dogs may go for another prey such as other animals meat. Some how they may struggle if they depend completely on cat for food.

Question 20.
You can see many animals in your surroundings. Discuss them with your friends. Make a list of what they usually eat and also write down what they usually do to find their food. Keep adding to this list as you observe animals around you everyday.
(Or)
Animals identify their food by sense, smell, sight, hearing, taste and touch. Give one example for each sense.
(Or)
Prepare a list of any 8 animaIs I birds which you have seen in your surroundings and their food habit.
Answer:

Question 21.
Think about any three animals and their food habits, tabulate information about food groups on which they feed.
Answer:
There are three food groups namely plants, animals and the third group both plants and animals. We can make the following table based on the food groups with suitable examples.

Question 22.
Find out the body parts of the given animals and birds which help in collecting or capturing food.
1. Hen
2. Cow
3. Dog
4. Frog
5. Snake
6. Man
7. Lizard
8. Vulture
9. Lion
10. Humming bird
You have to visit the surroundings or watch the animal environment related channels or visit internet to get accurate information. (Or) Complete the following table.

Answer:

Question 23.

Write any four food chains of your choice.
Answer:

• Grains → Rat → Snake → Eagle
• Grass → Deer Tiger
• Grass → Sheep → Tiger
• Grass → Cow → Lion

Question 24.

(i) Which birds are “Carnivores”?
Answer:
Vultures

(ii) Which bird has sharp claws and why do they use them?
Answer:
Vultures have sharp claws to tear the flesh.

(iii) What is the difference between vulture and parrot, in collecting food?
Answer:
Vulture is carnivorous. Parrot is omnivorous.

(iv) Why is beak long and strong in woodpeckers?
Answer:
To remove layers of bark and eat ants and pets.

Question 25.

(i) Make two food chains by using above information.
Answer:
Rabbit → Man → Tiger
Rat → Cat → Dog

(ii) Name any two animals that eat plants.
Answer:
Cow, goat

(iii) What do the dog and tiger eat?
Answer:
Meat

(iv) Give two examples of omnivores.
Answer:
Crow, human

Question 26.
Observe the following table and answer the questions given below.
Answer:

(i) Which food group members have less advantage in finding food? Why do you think so?
Answer:
Carnivores. Because they depend on only animals for food.

(ii) Give examples for herbivores.
Answer:
Cow, buffalo, goat, rabbit

(iii) Write down the example for animals which eat both plants and animals.
Answer:
Human beings, dog, cat

(iv) Write down what happens if all the animals eat only plants.
Answer:
Plants number will decrease. Animals will struggle from lack of oxygen.

Question 27.
Observe the given food web and answer the following questions.

(i) Write food chain starting with grass.
Answer:
Grass → Deer → Fox

(ii) Which animal consumes more number of other animals?
Answer:
Tiger and lion

(iii) Which animal stands as herbivore?
Answer:
Deer

(iv) How many other animals use hen as a prey?
Answer:
Four animals

Question 28.
Name of the plants and its parts from which we get different kinds of food ingredients we use in daily food.
Answer:

(i) Which animals use the tongue for food collection ?
Answer:
Frog, wall lizard.

(ii) Which body part is useful for blood sucking in leech?
Answer:
Suckers

(iii) Aves collect the food with the help of
Answer:
Beak

(vi) Ducks have teeth in the mouth like cow and lion ? But what is the difference in the food collection ?
Answer:
Teeth in duck are used as filters. But in cow and lion they are used for eating food.

Question 29.

(i) What are the types the organisms depending on food habits ?
Answer:
Herbivores, Carnivores, Omnivores

(ii) What are omnivores ?
Answer:
Animals depending on plants and animals.

(iii) Frog, deer, hen belong to
Answer:
Omnivores

(iv) Give the examples for carnivores.
Answer:
Fox and tiger

Question 30.
Read the following table and answer the questions.

(i) Why are rabbit and deer called herbivores ?
Answer:
They eat only plant parts.

(ii) Give two more examples to carnivores.
Answer:
Tiger, vulture, cat, fox

Question 31.
Herbivores eat plants. Eg : Rabbit
Carnivores eat other animals. Eg : Lion
Omnivores eat both plants and animals. Eg : Human being
(i) Give examples of Herbivores and Carnivores.
Answer:
Rabbit, sheep, goat, cow etc., are herbivores.
Tiger, lion, fox, wolf etc., are carnivores.

(ii) Write the difference between lion and human being.
Answer:
Lion is a carnivore.
Human being is an omnivore.

Question 32.
Classify the animals given based on the type of food they take.
Tiger, Deer, Cow, Lion.
Answer:

Question 33.
Observe the following diagram. What does it explain ?
Answer:
The given picture tells us the food chain in pond.
We can see that eggs and larvae are eaten by fish and frogs.
Fish and frogs are food for a crane.
When crane dies its body will be decomposed by microbial organisms.

Question 34.
Draw the diagrams of beaks of a. Eagle b. Sparrow c. Duck d. Hen. Write their food material.

Answer:
a. Eagle’s food material is snake, rats, chicks.
b. Sparrow’s food is grains and small insects.
c. Duck’s food material is grains, small fish
d. Hen feeds on grains and small insects.

Question 35.
See the following. Draw connections to show which animal is eaten by whom. (Or) How does the food web form?

Or
Draw any one food chain.
Answer:

Question 36.
Prepare a food chain by filling the blanks in the given flow chart.

Answer:

Question 37.
Draw the diagram of any one omnivore.
Answer:

Question 38.
Draw a food chain from below given animals.
Frog, Insect, Eagle, Snake.
Answer:
Insect → Frog → Snake → Eagle

Question 39.
I live on both land and in water. Who am I ? How do I collect the food?
Answer:
Frog lives on both land and in water. Hence it is called an amphibian. Frog collects the food with its long sticky tongue.

Question 40.
How do you appreciate the difference in beaks of birds, to suit their food collection?
Answer:

• Birds in different areas depend on type of food material available in their places.
• Different birds are able to collect food with their beaks.
• Beak of one bird is different from beak of another bird. This make them to collect specific type of food.
• Some birds use their beak for collecting different food material.
• Even though birds have only beak to collect the food they show their capacity of food collection only through beaks.

Question 41.
Which body parts are used by lion to collect and eat food?
Answer:
Fore limb and its claws for killing the prey, sharp canine teeth for tearing the flesh.

Telangana SCERT TS 8th Class Hindi Guide Pdf 12th Lesson बढ़ते क़दम Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 8th Class Hindi 12th Lesson Questions and Answers Telangana बढ़ते क़दम

प्रश्न :

प्रश्न 1.
चित्र में दिखायी दे रहे महापुरुष का नाम बताओ।
उत्तर :
चित्र में दिखायी दे रहे महापुरुष का नाम महात्मा गाँधीजी हैं।

प्रश्न 2.
वे क्या कर रहे हैं ?
उत्तर :
वे डायरी लिख रहे हैं।

प्रश्न 3.
तुम्हें लिखना कैसा लगता है ? अपने शब्दों में बताओ।
उत्तर :
मुझे लिखना बहुत अच्छा लगता है। मैं पढ़ने से लिखना ही अधिक पसंद करता हूँ।

सुनो – बोलो :

प्रश्न 1.
इस डायरी की घटनाओं के आधार पर बताओ समीना कैसी लडकी है?
उत्तर :
इस डायरी की घटनाओं के आधार पर बताये तो समीना एक अच्छी लड़की है। वह बड़ों का आदर करती है। साथियों से मिजजुलकर रहती है। बडों की सेवा करती है। गुरुजनों की आज्ञा का पालन करती है।

प्रश्न 2.
समीना के पाठशाला न जाने के क्या कारण हो सकते हैं ?
उत्तर :
समीना के माँ की तबीयत ठीक नहीं है। उसे माँ का काम करना पड रहा होगा। या दीदी की सहता करना पड रहा होगा।

पढ़ो :

अ. नीचे दिये गये वाक्य पढ़िए। इनके अर्थवाले वाक्य पाठ में रेखांकित कीजिए।

प्रश्न 1.
मैं अपने मित्रों से मिलना चाहती हूँ।
उत्तर :
और फिर ममता रवि, शमीम से भी तो कई दिनों से नहीं मिली।

प्रश्न 2.
भय के कारण पूछ न सकी।
उत्तर :
मुझे तो कुछ समझ में नहीं आ रहा था कि क्या करना है। पहले डर के मारे पूछा नहीं। फिर थोडी देर बाद पूछा तो अध्यापिका जी ने मेरी ओर देखते हुए पूछा – “समीना ! कल तुम क्यों नहीं आयी।?”

आ. नीचे दिये गये वाक्यों में गलत पहचानकर सही लिखिए।

प्रश्न 1.
आज मैं पाठशाला खेलना चाहती है।
उत्तर :
आज मैं पाठशाला जाना चाहती हूँ।

प्रश्न 2.
सरकार का तारा है – “सब पढ़ें – सब बढ़ें।”
उत्तर :

सरकार का नारा है – “सब पढ़ें – सब बढ़ें”।

लिखो :

अ. नीचे दिये गये प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए।

प्रश्न 1.
समीना के घर की स्थिति कैसी थी ?
उत्तर :
समीना के घर में उसकी माँ की तबीयत ठीक नहीं थी समीना को माँ का काम करना पडता था। इसलिए वह एक सप्ताह से स्कूल नहीं जाती है। हर दिन समीना को दीदी की सहायता भी करनी पडती है।

प्रश्न 2.
‘सब पढ़ें – सब बढ़ें’ इस नारे से आप क्या समझते हो ?
उत्तर :
‘सब पढ़ें – सब बढ़ें’ का अर्थ है सभी लोगों को खूब पढ़कर आगे बढ़ना चाहिए। देश को उन्नति के पथ पर ले जाना चाहिए।

आ. प्रधानाध्यापक जी ने बच्चों को क्या बताया होगा?
उत्तर :
प्रधानाध्यापक जी ने बच्चों को बताया होगा कि भारत सरकार 01 अप्रैल, 2010 से बच्चों के लिए शिक्षा का अधिकार कानून अमल में ला रही है। इस कानून के अनुसार 6 से 14 वर्ष के सभी बच्चों को निशुल्क और अनिवार्य रूप से शिक्षा पाने का अधिकार है। उन्हें अपनी पढ़ाई के लिए एक पैसा भी खर्च नहीं करना होगा। भारत सरकार हर बच्चे के चेहरे पर खुशी देखना चाहती है।
आगे उन्होंने कहा कि सरकार पौष्टिक भोजन, बालिका शिक्षा, पेयजल की सुविधा, खेल सामग्री, खेल का मैदान, पोषाक, निशल्क पाठ्य पुस्तकें और विविध प्रकार की सुविधाएँ प्रोत्साहन आदि दे रही हैं। सरकार चाहती है कि भारत का हर नागरिक पढा-लिखा बनें। सौ प्रतिशत साक्षरता दर प्राप्त करें। सरकार का नारा है – ‘सब पढ़ें – सब बढ़ें।’ जिस दिन भारत का हर बच्चा शिक्षित होकर अच्छा नागरिक बनेगा, उसी दिन हमारे महापुरुषों के सपने साकार होंगे। जयहिंदा”

शब्द अंडार :

अ. नीचे दिये गये शब्दों के वचन बदलिए। वाक्य प्रयोग कीजिए।
उदा : कहानी – मुझे पंचतंत्र की कहानियाँ पसंद है।
छुट्टी, खुशी, ताली, समिति

आ. पाठ में समीना के दोस्तों के नाम दिये गये हैं। आप अपने दोस्तों के नाम लिखिए।
उत्तर :
गोपाल, गौरी, शंकर, रहीम, विनय, सुरेश, हरीष आदि मेरे दोस्तों के नाम है।

सृजनात्मक अभिव्यक्ति :

अ. अभी अपने समीना की डायरी पढ़ी। डायरी की घटनाएँ बताते हुए मित्र को पत्र लिखिए।

निज्जामाबाद,
दि : ××××

प्रिय मित्र कैलाश,
में यहाँ कुशल हुँ। आशा करता हूँ कि तुम भी वहाँ सकुशल हो।
में मुख्यत : इस पत्र में समीना की डायरी के बारे में लिखना चाहता हूँ।
पहले दिन की डायरी (20 सितंबर, 2012 गुरुवार) में लिखे समाचार से हमें मालूम होता हैं कि समीना की माँ की तबीयत ठीक न होने के कारण समीना एक सप्ताह से पाठशाला नही गयी है उसे घर में माँ का काम करना पडता था। एक दिन वह पाठशाला जाना चाहती है और अपने दोस्त रवि, ममता और शमीम से मिलना चाहती है । लेकिन उसकी दीदी कुछ मदद करने उसे रोकती है।
दूसरे दिन की डायरी (21 सितंबर, 2012 शुक्रवार) में लिखी समाचार से हमें मालूम होता है कि समीना इस दिन पाठशाला जाने तैयार है। लेकिन बारिश के कारण देर हो जाती हैं।
पाठशाला में उसे आज लोमडी की कहानी लिखनी थी। लेकिन उसे कुछ न समझ में आया। उसने डर के मारे अध्यापिका से कुछ नहीं पूछा। अध्यापिका ने उसे स्कूल न आने का कारण पूछकर उसे हर दिन स्कूल आने को समझाती है। श्याम और सायना तो कहानी लिख देते। रवि और इरफ़ान एक दूसरे के बाल खींचने के कारण अध्यापिका उन्हें डांटती हैं।
दस मिनिट की छुट्टी में समीना, शमीम खूब सारे बातें करते हैं। शाम को खूब खेलते हैं।
तीसरे दिन की डायरी (22 सितंबर, 2012 शनिवार) में लिखे समाचार से हमें यह मालूम होता है कि उस दिन पाठशाला में पाठशाला सामिति की बैठक हुई। सरपंच और प्रधानाध्यापक जी बातचीत की। इसमें बच्चों के लिए शिक्षा का अधिकार कानून जो भारत सरकार के द्वारा 01 अप्रैल, 2010 से अमल में लाया गया। उसके बारे में बातचीत हुई। इसमें प्रधानाध्यापक जी बताते हैं कि 06 से 16 वर्ष के सभी बच्चों को निशुल्क अनिवार्य शिक्षा पाने का अधिकार है।
में आशा करता हूँ कि तुम भी इसे अवश्य पढे।
बडों को मेरा नमस्कार।

तुम्हारा प्यारा मित्र,
××××

पता :
के. कैलाश,
पिता. कुटुंबराव,
घर – 10-20-30,
मंदिर वीधि, हैदराबाद।

प्रशंसा :

अ. डायरी लिखना अच्छी आदत है, इस पर अपने विचार लिखिए।
उत्तर :
डायरी लिखना अच्छी आदत है। दिन में घटी सभी घटनाओं के बारे में सूक्ष्म रूप से डायरी में लिखते हैं। इससे हमें यह जानकारी मिलती है हम किस दिन क्या किये हैं। देश के महान लोग जो भी हुए वे सभी डायरी लिखने का आदत रखते थे। डायरी लिखने से हर दिन हमने क्या कार्य किये हैं, उनमें अच्छे कितने हैं बुरे कितने हैं। इसका आत्म विश्लेषण कर सकते हैं। हमारे व्यवहार में परिवर्तन ला सकते हैं। मुख्य विषय, तिथि उसमें लिख सकते हैं। उस साल घटी सभी घटनाओं को हम जब चाहे तब पढ़ सकते हैं।

वर्यिजना कार्य :

अ. अपनी पाठशाला के पुस्तकालय से किसी महापुरुष की डायरी पढ़िए। उसके मुख्य अंश लिखिए।
उत्तर :
हमारी पाठशाला के पुस्तकालय से ‘गाँधीजी की आत्मकथा’ नामक एक किताब मिली है। उसमें ‘मेरा छात्र जीवन” एक है। इसमें गाँधीजी के छात्र जीवन के कुछ अंश वर्णित हैं। बचपन में गाँधीजी का मन व्यायाम में, खेल में, क्रिकेट में नही लगता था। इसका एक कारण गाँधीजी का झेंपूपन था। लेकिन अब बडे होने के बाद गाँधीजी बहुत पछताते थे। और इस प्रकार कहते थे कि “अब मैं देखता हूँ कि कसरत की ओर वह अरुचि मेरी भूल थी। उस समय मेरे गलत विचार थे कि कसरत का शिक्षा से कोई संबंध नहीं है।बाद में मेंने समझा कि व्यायाम और शारीरिक शिक्षा के लिए भी विद्याध्ययन में उतना ही स्थान होना चाहिए जितना मानसिक शिक्षा को है। इस प्रकार गाँधीजी ‘मेरा छात्र – जीवन’ नामक आत्म कथा में व्यायाम के संबंध में अपने विचार व्यक्त किए हैं।

भाषा की बात :

अ. नीचे दिया गया अनुच्छेद पढ़िए।
उत्तर :
एक सप्ताह से मैं पाठशाला नहीं गयी थी – माँ का काम जो करना पड़ता था। आज मैं पाठशाला जाना चाहती थी। पता नहीं गुरूजी ने क्या-क्या पढ़ा दिया होगा? और फिर ममता, रवि, शमीम से भी तो कई दिनों से नहीं मिली। पर दीदी ने कहा कि माँ की बीमारी के बाद आज काम पर जाने का उनका पहला दिन है। इसलिए तू यहीं रहकर मेरी मदद कर। वैसे तो में दीदी की सहायता हमेशा करती हूँ। जो भी हो काम ज़्यादा होने के कारण आज मैं स्कूल नहीं जा पायी। काम करते – करते दिन कैसे गुज़र गया, इसका पता ही नहीं चला।
ऊपर दिये अनुच्छेद में आज, यहीं, वैसे और ज़्यादा जैसे क्रिया – विशेषण के भेदों के उदाहरण हैं। क्रिया-विशेषण के चार भेद हैं –

1. स्थानवाचक क्रिया – विशेषण : जो क्रिया की स्थान संबंधी विशेषता प्रकट करते है, उसे स्थानवाचक क्रिया-विशेषण कहते है। उदा : रामू यहाँ बैठता है।
2. कालवाचक क्रिया – विशेषण : जो क्रिया के होने का समय बतायें, उसे कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण कहते हैं। उदा : रामू आज आता है।
3. परिमाणवाचक क्रिया – विशेषणः जो क्रिया के परिमाण को प्रकट करें, उसे परिमाणवाचक क्रिया – विशेषण कहते है। उदा : रामू बहुत खेलता है।
4. रीतिवाचक क्रिया – विशेषण : जो क्रिया के रीति का संकेत करें, उसे रीतिवाचक क्रियाविशेषण कहते है। उदा : रामू ऐसा खेलता है।

क्रिया-विशेषण भेदों का प्रयोग करते हुए पाँच वाक्य लिखिए।
उत्तर :
1. यहाँ लड़कियाँ आपस में डाँटने लरी।
2. कल में ज़रूर यह काम करूँगा।
3. अधिक भोजन मत खाइए।
4. जैसे काम करें, वैसे ही फल मिले।
5. वह जोर दार भाषण दे रहा है।

विचार – विमर्श :

बच्चों की सुरक्षा के लिए सरकार ने POCSO कानून बनाया। जिसमें बच्चों को तंग करने, शारीरिक और व्यक्तिगत नियम तोडने पर कई साल की सज़ा है। यदि कोई जानबूझकर इन्हें तोडे तो हमारा दोष नहीं। उसे हम ‘नहीं’, ‘रुको’ कह सकते हैं। मौका मिलने पर दूर जाकर किसी भरोसेमंद बड़े व्यक्ति की रहायता से असुरक्षित व्यक्ति से वच सकते हैं। ऐसे असुरक्षित व्यक्ति को उसके व्यवहार पर शर्मिदगी नी चाहिए। इन्हें रोकें। ऐसे कौन-कौन से सुरक्षित व्यक्ति है जिनसे तुम सहायता ले सकते हो?
उत्तर : द्यार्थी कृत्य।

Essential Material for Examination Purpose :

I. पढ़ो :
पठित – गद्यांश :

नीचे दिये गये गद्यांश को पढ़कर प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक वाक्य में लिखिए।

1. आज माँ की तबीयत कुछ टीक है । सुबह जब में उठी तो देखा कि बे काम पर निकल चुकीं थीं। एक सप्ताह से मैं पाठशाला नहीं गयी थी – माँ का काम जो करना पड़ता था । आज में पाटशाला जाना चाहती थी । पता नहीं गुरुजी ने क्या – क्या पढ़ा दिया होगा ? और फिर ममता, रचि, शमीम से भी तो कई दिनों से नहीं मिली। पर दीदी ने कहा कि माँ की बीमारी के बाद आज काम पर जाने का उनका पहला दिन है । इसलिए तू यहाँ रहकर मेरी मदद कर । बैसे तो में दीदी की सहायता हमेशा करती हूँ। जो भी हो काम ज्यादा होने के कारण आज मैं स्कूल नहीं जा पायी। काम करते – करते दिन कैसे गुज़र गया, इसका पता ही नहीं चला ।

प्रश्न :
1. किसकी तबीयत खराब थी ?
2. वह कितने दिनों से पाठशाला नहीं गई थी ?
3. दोस्तों के नाम क्या थे ?
4. . वह किसकी सहायता हमेशा करती थी ?
5. यह गद्यांश किस पाठ से है?
उत्तर :
1. माँ की तबीयत खराब थी।
2. वह एक सप्ताह से पाठशाला नहीं गई थी।
3. उसके दोस्तों के नाम ममता, रवि और शमीम थे।
4. वह अपनी दीदी की सहायता हमेशां करती थी ।
5. यह गद्यांश ‘बढ़ते कदम’ पाठ से है।

II. लोमड़ी की कहानी लिखनी थी। मुझे तो कुछ समझ में नहीं आ रहा था कि क्या करना है । पहले डर के मारे पूछा नहीं । फिर थोड़ी देर बाद पूछा तो अध्यापिका जी ने मेरी ओर देखते हुए पूछा – “समीना ! कल तुम क्यों नहीं आयी ?”‘ तो में ने उन्हें पाठशाला न आने का कारण बताया। तब उन्होंने मुझे हर दिन पाठशाला आने के लिए समझाया। फिर कहानी पढ़ने को कहा। में पढ़ने लगी। मज़ेदार लगी। में तो पढ़ ही रही थी पर श्याम और सायना ने तो अपनी कहानी उत्तर – पुस्तिका में लिख भी ली थी।

प्रश्न :
1. किसकी कहानी लिखनी थी ?
2. यह डायरी कौन लिख रही है?
3. अध्यापिका ने समीना को क्या पढ़ने को कहा ?
4. समीना को कहानी कैसी लगी ?
5. किसने कहानी उत्तर पुस्तिका में लिख ली थी ?
उत्तरः
1. लोमड़ी की कहानी लिखनी थी।
2. यह डायरी समीना लिख रही है।
3. अध्यापिका ने समीना को कहानी पढ़ने को कहा।
4. समीना को कहानी मज़ेदार लगी।
5. श्याम और सायना ने कहानी उत्तर पुस्तिका में लिख ली थी।

अपठित – गद्यांश :
निम्न लिखित गद्यांश पढ़कर दिये गये प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक वाक्य में दीजिए।

I. सरदार सुजानसिंह देवगढ रियासत के दीवान थे। राजा भी अपने इस नीतिकुशल दीवान का आदर करते थे। चालीस वर्ष तक सेबा करने के बाद एक दिन सुजानसिंह ने राजा के पास आकर प्रार्थना की – मुझे सेवानियृत्ति देने की कृपा करें। यह सुनकर राजा ने नये दीवान चुनने का भार सुजानसिंह को ही सौंप दिया।

प्रश्न :
1. सुजान सिंह कौन थे ?
2. सुजानसिंह ने कितने वर्ष तक सेवा की ?
3. मुझे सेवा निवृत्ति देने की बात किसने कही ?
4. नये दीवान चुनने का भार सुजानसिंह को किसने सौंपा ?
5. सुजानसिंह किस रियासत के दीवान थे ?
उत्तर:
1. सुजान सिंह देवगढ़ रियासत के दीवान थे।
2. सुजान सिंह ने चालीस वर्ष तक सेवा की।
3. सेवा निवृत्ति देने की बात दीवान सुजान सिंह ने की।
4. नये दीवान चुनने का भार सुजान सिंह को राजा ने सौंपा।
5. सुजानसिंह देवगढ़ रियासत के दीवान थे।

II. यमुना के तट पर खडा लालकिला एक ऐतिहासिक किला है। इसकी जीवन कथा बडी रोचक है। मुगल बादशाह शाहजहाँ ने आगरे की गर्मी से ऊबकर एक गर्म जगह खोजने का हुकुम दिया। तदनुसार दिल्ली शहर के बाहर यमुना के किनारे एक स्थान चुना गया। वह नूरगढ नाम से प्रसिद्ध था और वहाँ मुगल सेना का जमाव होता था। वहीं 12 मई, 1639 ई. को लालकिले की नींव डाली गयी। इसके निर्माण के लिए देश के कुशल कारीगरों और सिल्पियों को बुलाया गया और लाल पत्थर तथा संगमरमर दूर – दूर से लाये गये।

प्रश्न :
1. लालकिला कहाँ है?
2. लालकिले को किसने बनवाया ?
3. लालकिला किस नाम से प्रसिद्ध है ?
4. लालकिला नींव कब हुई ?
5. लालकिला किस पत्थर से बनाया गया ?
उत्तर:
1. लाल किला दिल्की शहर के बाहर यमुना नदी के तट पर है।
2. लाल किले को मुगल बादशाह शाहजहाँ ने बनवाया।
3. लाल किला नूरगढ़ नाम से प्रसिद्ध है।
4. लाल किला की नीव 12 मई, 1639 ई को हुई।
5. लाल किला लाल पत्थर और संगमरमर से बनाया गया।

II. लिखो :

लघु प्रश्न :

प्रश्न 1.
तुम अपनी पाठशाला में क्या – क्या करते हो?
उत्तर :
में अपनी पाठशाला में अध्यापकों के पाठ सुनता हूँ। छात्रों से खूब खलेता हूँ। खाली समय में दोस्तों के साथ विज्ञान संबंधित या गणित के बारे में बातचीत करता हूँ।

प्रश्न 2.
समीना की कक्षा में और तुम्हारी कक्षा में क्या अंतर है ? बताओ।
उत्तर :
समीना की कक्षा तो छोटी हैं। मेरी कक्षा तो बडी है। हमारी कक्षा में साठ लडके और पैंतीस लडकियाँ है। बहुत बडा श्यामपट है।

प्रश्न 3.
समीना अध्यापक से डर रही थी। क्यों?
उत्तर :
जब समीना एक सप्ताह के बाद स्कूल गई तब स्कूल में लोमडी की कहानी लिखनी थी। उसे तो कुछ भी समझ में नहीं आया। समीना इस प्रकार सोचती है कि अगर वह्, कहानी के बारे में पूछे तो अध्यांपिका डाँटेगी। इसलिए वह् डर रही थी।

लघु निबंध प्रश्न :

प्रश्न 1.
इस पाठ को अपने शब्दों में बताओ।
उत्तर :
यह एक डायरी पाठ है। इस डायरी को समीना ने लिखा है। इसका सारांश इस प्रकार है – समीना कुछ दिनों से (एक सप्ताह से) पाठशाला नहीं जाती है। उसकी माँ की तबीयत ठीक नहीं हैं। इसलिए वह घर में रहकर माँ के काम करती है।
आज ही उसकी माँ की तबीयत कुछ ठीक है समीना पाठशाला जाना चाहती है। तो उसकी दीदी आज एक दिन के लिए न जांने को कहती है।
समीना अपने दोस्त ममता, रवि और शमीम से भी नहीं मिलती। इसलिए पाठशाला में क्या पढ़ाया इसके बारे में उसे पता नहीं चलता।
शुक्रवार के दिन समीना पाठशाला गयी। वह वर्षा के कराण देर से पाठशाला पहुँची सब छात्र लोमडी की कहानी लिखते है। समीना चुप बैठी रही। तो अध्यापिका ने उससे पाठशाला न आने का कारण पूछकर समझाती है कि हर दिन पाठशाला जरूर आना श्याम और सायना कहानी लिख डाले। दस मिनिट की छुट्टी में सब खूब सारे बातें करते हैं। शाम को खूब खेलते हैं।
शनिवार के दिन तो पाठशाला में पाठशाला समिति की बैठक होती है। सरपंच भी आते हैं। सरपंच और प्रधानाध्यापक दोनों ने बारी -बारी में छात्रों से बातचीत करते हैं।
उन दोनों ने 01 अप्रैल, 2010 से भारत सरकार से अमल में लाये शिक्षा का अधिकार कानन के बारे में बातचीत करते हैं। निशुल्क शिक्षा के बारे में बताते हैं। सरकार का नारा -‘सब पढे-सव वते के बारे में वे बताते हैं।

సారాంశము :

20 సెప్టెంబరు, 2012,
గురువారం
ఈరోజు అమ్మ. ఆరోగ్యం కొంచెం బాగున్నది. ఉదయాన్నే నేను లేచినప్పుడు ఆమె పని మీద వెళ్ళడం నేను చూచితిని. ఒక వారం రోజుల నుండి నేను పాఠశాలకు వెళ్ళుటలేదు. అమ్మ పని చేయవలసి వచ్చుచున్నది. ఈరోజు నేను బడికి వెళ్ళదలచితిని. గురువుగారు ఏమేమి చదివించారో తెలీదు. అంతేకాక మమత, రవి, శమీమ్లను కూడా చాలా రోజులనుండి నేను కలవలేదు. అమ్మ జబ్బు పడిన తర్వాత ఈరోజు తను పనికి వెళ్ళడం మొదటి రోజు కదా ! అందువల్ల నీవు ఇక్కడే ఉండి నాకు సహాయం చేయమని అక్క నాతో అన్నది. నేను అక్కకు ఎల్లప్పుడూ సహాయం చేస్తూనే ఉంటాను అనుకోండి. ఏది ఏమైనప్పటికీ పని ఎక్కువగా ఉన్నందున నేను ఈరోజు బడికి వెళ్ళలేకపోయాను. పనిచేస్తూ చేస్తూ రోజు ఎలా గడచిపోయిందో నాకు తెలవనే తెలవదు.
21 సెప్టెంబరు, 2012
శుక్రవారం
ఈరోజు నేను పాఠశాలకు బయలుదేరినప్పుడు వర్షం సన్నసన్నగా పడుచున్నది. వర్షం ఆగేంతవరకు ఉండడం. వలన ఆలస్యమైనది. సమయం పది గంటలైనది. నేను సంచి తీసుకుని బడికి పరుగెత్తాను. అయినప్పటికీ ఆలస్యమైనది. అందరూ తమ తమ పనులలో నిమగ్నమైయుండిరి.
–
నక్క కథ వ్రాయవలసి ఉన్నది. నేనేమి చేయాలో నాకు అర్థం కావడం లేదు. మొదట భయం కారణంగా అడగలేదు. కొంచెం సమయం తర్వాత అడిగితే ఉపాధ్యాయురాలు నా వైపు చూస్తూ “సమీనా ! నిన్న నీవు ఎందుకు రాలేదు? ” అని అడిగెను. అప్పుడు నేను పాఠశాలకు రాని కారణం చెప్పితిని. అప్పుడు ఆమె నన్ను ప్రతిరోజు పాఠశాలకు రావలసినదిగా నచ్చచెప్పినారు మళ్ళీ కథ చదవమని చెప్పినారు.
నేను చదవసాగాను. మజాగా అనిపించింది. నేను చదువుతూ ఉండగానే శ్యామ్ మరియు సాయ్ని ఇరువురు తమ సమాధాన పత్రాలలో కథ వ్రాసివేసిరి. వాళ్ళు ఉపాధ్యాయురాలికి చూపించసాగిరి. రవి, ఇర్ఫాన్లిద్దరూ అదే సమయంలో ఒకరి జుట్టు మరొకరు గుంజుకొనుచుండిరి (పీక్కొనుచుండిరి.) ఉపాధ్యాయురాలు వారిని తిట్టినది.
ఇంతలో పది నిమిషాల విరామం లభించింది. నేను శమీమ్ మరియు మమతలతో బాగా మాట్లాడితిని. సాయంత్రం బాగా ఆడుకొంటిమి. రోజు ఎలా గడిచినదో తెలియనే తెలీదు.

22 సెప్టెంబరు, 2012
శనివారం
నేను ఈరోజు సమయానికి పాఠశాల చేరితిని. పాఠశాలలో పాఠశాల సమితి సమావేశం ఉన్నది. సర్పంచ్ కూడా వచ్చియుండిరి. మమ్మల్నందరినీ వరండాలో కూర్చోబెట్టిరి. ప్రధానోపాధ్యాయులు మరియు సర్పంచ్గా రులిరువురూ వంతుల వారీగా మాతో మాట్లాడిరి. ప్రధానోపాధ్యాయులవారు భారత ప్రభుత్వం 01 ఏప్రిల్, 2010 నుండి పిల్లల విద్యాహక్కు చట్టం అమలులోకి వచ్చినది. ఈ చట్టం అనుసరించి 6 నుండి 14 సం॥ల వయస్సు గల పిల్లలందరికి ఉచిత అనివార్య విద్యను పొందు అధికారం కలదు. వారికి తమ చదువు నిమిత్తం ఒక పైసా కూడా ఖర్చు పెట్టవలసిన అవసరం లేదు. భారత ప్రభుత్వం ప్రతి పిల్లవాని ముఖాన సంతోషాన్ని చూడగోరుచున్నది. అప్పుడే సాయ్నీ ప్రధానో పాధ్యాయుల వారిని “ప్రభుత్వం మన కోసం ఏమేమి సౌకర్యాలను కల్పించుచున్నది?” అని ప్రశ్నించెను. అప్పుడు ప్రధానోపాధ్యాయుల వారు అతనిని ప్రశ్నించినందులకు పొగిడిరి. ఇంకా ఆయన అన్నారు కదా ప్రభుత్వం పౌష్టిక భోజనం, బాలికా విద్య, ఆటవస్తువులు, ఆటస్థలము, దుస్తులు, ఉచిత పాఠ్యపుస్తకాలు మరియు వివిధ రకాల సౌకర్యాలు మరియు ప్రోత్సాహాలను కల్పించుచున్నది. ప్రభుత్వం భారత ప్రతి పౌరుడు విద్యావంతుడు కావాలని కోరుకుంటోంది. నూటికి నూరు శాతం అక్షరాస్యతను కోరుచున్నది. ప్రభుత్వం యొక్క నినాదం ఏమనగా ‘అందరూ చదవాలి అందరూ ఎదగాలి’. ఏ రోజున భారతదేశపు ప్రతి పిల్లవాడు చదువుకొని మంచి పౌరుడవుతాడో ఆ రోజునే మన దేశంలోని మహాపురుషుల కలలు సాకారమౌతాయి (నెరవేరతాయి). జైహింద్.

ప్రధానోపాధ్యాయుల వారి మాటలు విని మేమందరం కరతాళధ్వనులు చేసితిమి. నేను ఈ రోజు చాలా సంతోషంగా ఉన్నాను. నేను ఇంటికి తిరిగి వచ్చి తల్లిదండ్రులకు, అక్కకు ప్రధానోపాధ్యాయులవారు చెప్పిన అన్ని విషయాలను చెప్పితిని.

वचन :

• बच्चा – बचे
• पुस्तक – पुस्तके
• बीमारी – बीमार्टियां
• पाठशाला – पाठशालाएँ
• लडका – लडके
• पैसा – पैसे
• बात – बाते
• कहानी – कह्मानियाँ
• छुी – छद्टियाँ
• सुविधा – सविधाएँ
• पुरुष – पुरुष
• गुर – गुरुजन
• खुीशी – खुशियाँ

लिंग :

• गुरु – गुरुआनी
• माँ – बाप
• पुरुष – स्ती
• नर – मादा
• प्राध्यापक – प्राध्यापिका
• बच्चा – बच्ची
• माता – पिता
• बालक – बालिका
• अध्यापक – अध्यापिका
• प्रधानाध्यापक – प्रधानाध्यापिका
• पुत्र – पुत्री
• छात्र – छात्रा

पर्यायवाची शब्द :

• कानून – शासन
• शिक्षा – विद्या
• प्रश्न – सवाल
• माता – मॉं, जननी
• सुबह – प्रातः काल
• बारिश – वर्षा
• वर्ष – उम्र
• पढ़ाई – विद्या
• प्रशंसा – स्तुति
• पिता – बाप
• गुरु – अध्यापक
• कहानी – कथा
• बच्चे – लड़के
• प्रधानाध्यापक – प्राध्यापक, हेडमारटर
• खेल – क्रीडा
• तबीयत – तंदुरुस्त, स्वारथ्य
• पाठशाला – स्कूल, मदरसा
• उत्तर – जवाब

उल्टे शब्द :

• आज × कल
• हल्का × जोर
• खुशी × दुखी
• शिक्षित × अशिक्षित
• ठीक × गलत
• डर × निडर
• सुविधा × असुविधा
• सुबह × शाम
• साकार × निराकार
• शुल्क × निशुल्क
• प्रशंसा × निदा
• पहला × अंतिम, आख़िरी

उपसर्ग :

• पाठशाला – पाठ
• विविध – वि
• पढ़ाई – पढ़
• निशुल्क – नि
• साकार – सा
• मज़ेदार – मजे
• अनुसार – अनु
• पेयजल – पेय
• प्रतिशत – प्रति
• अधिकार – अधि
• अनिवार्य – अ
• सुविधा – सु
• साक्षरता – सा

प्रत्यय :

• नागरिक – इक
• साक्षरता – ता
• साकार – कार
• बीमारी – ई
• शिक्षित – इत
• प्रतिशत – शत
• बैठक – क
• सहायता – ता
• पढ़ाई – आई
• पौष्टिक – इक
• मज़ेदार – दार

संधि :

• समझाना = समझ + आना
• निशुल्क = नि: + शुल्क
• साक्षरता = स + अक्षरता
• साकार = स + आकार
• प्रधानाध्यापक = प्रधान + अध्यापक
• नागरिक = नागर + इक
• मह्रापुरुष = महा + पुरुष

वाक्य प्रयोग :

1. मदद – मैं हमेशा अपनी माँ की मदद करती हूँ।
2. छुट्टी – अभी दस मिनिट की छुट्टी दी गयी।
3. अधिकार – हर एक नागरिक को कई अधिकार मिलते हैं।
4. साकार – हरिश्चंद्र सत्य का साकार रूप हैं।

मुहावरे वाले शब्द :

1. भागना = दूर जाना, पीछे हट जाना।
वह समस्याओं से सदा दूर भाग जाता है।
2. देर हो जाना =नियत समय के बाद में
पाठशाला जाने में मुझे आज बहुत देर हो गयी।
3. समझा जाना = निपटना
सारी बातें अध्यापिका जी से समझा जायेगी।
4. यश फैलना = नाम कमाना
हम अच्छे काम किये तो मृत्यु के बाद भी हमारी यश फैलेगी।

शब्दार्थ (అర్ధములు) (Meanings) :

These TS 6th Class Science Important Questions 13th Lesson Learning How to Measure are crafted to align with the curriculum, ensuring students are well-prepared for assessments.

TS 6th Class Science Important Questions 13th Lesson Learning How to Measure

Question 1.
Who created the metric system of measurement?
Answer:
The French

Question 2.
What is the Si unit of length?
Answer:
Metre.

Question 3.
Arrange the following lengths in their increasing magnitude:
1 metre, 1 centimeter, 1 kIlometer, 1 millimeter
Answer:
Increasing order of magnitude:
1 mm; 1 centimeter, 1 kilometer, 1 metre.

Question 4.
We often make an error ¡n reading a scale. What is it?
Answer:
Parallax error.

Question 5.
Mention a few conventional ways for rough measurements.
Answer:
Stride, hand – span, foot – span, cubit etc.

Question 6.
What are the fundamental units to measure the solids and liquids when you purchase from the market?
Answer:
We use grams, kilograms and quintals for measuring solids.
We use millilitres (ml) and litres for measuring liquids.

Question 7.
What do we use to measure the area according to need and requirement of the situation?
(Or)
What are the units generally used to measure the areas?
Answer:
We use m² (square metre), mm² (square millimeter), foot² (square foot), cm²
(square centimeter) etc., to measure areas according to need and requirement of the situation.

Question 8.
How can you decide the size of two sheets of unequal size – one bigger and the other smaller?
Answer:
The size of the sheet is decided by measuring its area.

Question 9.
How can we decide the correct method of measurement?
Answer:
If we use conventional methods to measure a ‘certain length’, we get different values, when different persons measure. So the method is not correct. But if we use a metre scale to measure that length, we get the same value, even when different persons measure. So this method is correct. It means, we have to use a ‘standard length’ to make measurements of lengths. So this is the correct method of measurement.

Question 10.
What precautions should we take, while using a metre scale for measuring length?
Answer:
Precautions:

• The scale should be placed exactly along the length to be measured.
• Zero point on the scale should coincide with the starting point of the length to be measured.
• Our eye must be vertically above the point of coincidence of scale where the measurement is to be taken.
• The ends of the scale should be perfect. They should not be worn out.
• The length of the object should be measured at least more than twice. The average of these readings give the correct length of the object.

Question 11.
What is a measuring cylinder? Mention some of its uses.
Answer:

• A measuring cylinder is made of glass or plastic.
• It is cylindrical in shape.
• Graduations are marked on it from bottom to top.
• Measuring cylinders with different capacities,10 ml, 50 ml, etc. are available.

Uses:

• It can be used to measure the volumes of liquids such as kerosene, milk, oils, water etc.
• We can also measure the volumes of solids. Ex : Sand, clay, Kalakanda etc.

Question 12.
Why is a metre scale used to measure the length of the cloth?
Answer:

• Metre scale is a scale of fixed length. So it is used as a standard unit for measuring.
• A cubit or a hand span is not a standard length. Because this length varies from person to person. So these conventional units can’t be used to measure lengths, accurately.

Question 13.
What happens if each country has its own scale?
Answer:
If each country has its own scale which differs from others, it leads to a lot of problems in trade and commerce between the countries. This may lead to quarrels breaking out among the countries.

Question 14.
Read the following information and prepare any two questions.
Finally in France, it was decided that a certain length of rod made of a special material (Platinum-Iridium) would be called a metre. The metre was divided into 100 equal parts and these parts were called centimetre. Each centimeter was further divided into ten equal parts called millimetre. Now we are using this as a standard measurement for length throughout the world. This original scale is (preserved in a museum in France.
Answer:

• What are the units used for measuring length?
• What is the fundamental unit of length?
• How can we use scale for measuring the things?
• When do we use units like centimetres, metres etc.?

Question 15.
What questions you would ask your teacher to clarify your doubts on standard measures of units and conventional measurements (cubit, etc.)
Answer:

• What is the importance of knowing the difference between standard units and conventional methods?
• What would happen if we use of foot and palm to measure the areas.
• What are the uses of knowing standard units of measurement?
• Do all the people use only standard units?

Question 16.
Write some examples where we use instruments to measure the lengths and some examples where we do not use any instruments, but use foot, hand-span, palms etc. to measure the length.
Answer:
Cases where we use instruments : Stitching of clothes, door curtains, land measurements, house measurements, carpentry, road measurements, plumbing, masonry etc.

Question 17.
How do you measure the height of your classmate using a meter scale?
Answer:
Method:

• He is asked to stand with his back against a wall.
• A mark is made on the wall exactly on his head.
• Now, the distance is measured from the floor to this mark on the wall, with a scale. It gives the height of that boy.

Question 18.
How can you measure the thickness of a coin?
Answer:
Method:

• Take about 10 one rupee coins of same size.
• Place them exactly one upon the other.
• The total thickness is measured with a scale.
• This total thickness is divided by the number of coins, 10.
• Then we get the thickness of a single coin.

Question 19.
How do you measure the length of a curved path?
Answer:
The length of a curved line cannot be directly measured with a metal scale. A thread is used to measure its length.

Method:

• Alpins are fixed at the ends of the curved line to be measured.
• A long thick piece of cotton thread is taken.
• A knot is tied with the thread at the first point A of the alpin A.
• The cotton thread is moved along points B, C, D and E.
• Care is taken to see that the thread coincides with the curve at each point. while moving along the line.
• When the thread reached the extreme end of the curved path, it is cut at that point.
• Now the thread is stretched along a metre scale. The length of the thread gives the length of the curved line.

Question 20.
How can you measure the area of a regular surface, using a graph paper?
Answer:
Method:

• Take a card board. Cut from it, a small rectangle of length 3 cm and breadth 2 cm.
• Place the cardboard on a centimeter graph paper.
• Draw its outline with the help of a sharp pencil.
• Remove the cardboard and mark the shape as ABCD
• Count the number of squares inside the outline. The no. of small squares is 6.
• The area of each small square = 1 cm². So the area of the rectangular card board = 6 cm²

Question 21.
How can you measure the area of a leaf surface?
Answer:

The leaf is placed on a graph paper as shown in the figure. The boundary of the leaf is marked on the graph paper with a pencil. Later the leaf is removed to find the outline or boundary of the leaf on graph paper. The number of complete squares are counted (each of 1 cm² area) inside the boundary.

The squares inside the boundary, which are half or greater than half are also counted. They are added to the number of complete squares. The total number of squares inside the boundary gives the area of the leaf. If there are n’ squares inside the boundary the area of the leaf becomes n cm².

Question 22.
Measure the length of one side of a table using your hand-span. Ask your classmates to do the same. Record the length of the table in terms of number of hand-spans in table.

Write the results you got while measuring the length of a table in your classroom. Answer the following questions.
(i) Who got more number of hand-spans?
(ii) Why is there a difference in number of hand-spans though you measured the same table?
Answer:

• Ramu and Latha got more number of hand spans.
• The length of fingers are short in Ramu and Latha.

Question 23.
Answer the following:

(i) How do you select a suitable instrument to measure length ?
(ii) If you want to measure the thickness of an eraser, which of the instruments shown in figure is more suitable and why?
(iii) Can we measure these longer distances (such as length between your house and school, between two villages or countries or cities or towns)?
(iv) If not, how are these distances measured ?
(v) What instruments are used ?
(vi) Is there any other way to measure very large distances?

Answer:
(i) The measuring instrument depends on device or material.
(ii) Scale is used to measure the length and width of the eraser.
(iii) We can not measure longer distances by using the instruments shown in the figure.
(iv) Longer distances are measured in kilometers.
(v) Longer distances are measured by distance meters or survey chains.
(vi) Technology is highly developed. Now-a-days scientists, Engineers and surveyers take the help of satellites with the help of GPS (Global positioning system) to measure the longer distances.

Question 24.
Write the information you collected about foot-span measurement.
Answer the following:
(i) Is the number of foot- spans same when different students measure the length of class room?
(ii) Who got more number of foot – spans?
(iii) Who got least number of foot – spans ? Why?
Answer:

(i) No. The number of foot – spans are not same.
(ii) Ramu and Latha got more number of foot – spans.
(iii) Karthik got least number of foot spans. Because the length of the foot-span is larger than other students.

Question 25.
Mrs. John is constructing a house. She needs sand and enquired about prices. The supplier informed her that two tractor loads of sand costs ₹ 4000/- and one lorry load of sand costs about ₹ 4000/-.
Read the passage and answer the questions.
(i) Which deal is cheaper for Mrs. John ? A lorry load or two tractor loads of sand?
(ii) How can you decide which load has more quantity of sand?
Answer:
(i) A lorry load is cheaper.
(ii) The volume of lorry is more than the volume of tractor.

Question 26.
Draw the diagram of “measuring cylinder”. Which is used in the measuring of volume of irregular solids (bodies)?
Answer:

Question 27.
Observe the drawing chart figures given below.
Can you decide which is the bigger and which is the smaller sheet by observing them? If not what method do you adopt to decide the bigger one or smaller one?
Answer:
We cannot decide which one is bigger and which one is smaller by observing them. We will use graph to measure their area. By using graph we will decide the bigger one and smaller one of them.

Question 28.
Observe the given pictures (a) and (b) Answer the following:

(i) Which figure has more area and why?
Answer:
Both are same. Because the area of both the figures are same.

(ii) Are all the parts in both figures equal?
Answer:
Yes.

(iii) What is the shape of the smaller part in each diagram?
Answer:
Square shape.

(iv) Is the length and breadth of each
Answer:
smaller part equal?

Question 29.

1. What do you measure in this experiment?
Answer:
To know the volume of irregular bodies.

2. What are the apparatus required to conduct this experiment?
Answer:
Measuring jar, thread, stone, water

3. What is the relation between the volume of stone and increase in water level?
Answer:
As the stone is immersed water level rises in the jar.

4. What precautions do you take while conducting this experiment?
Answer:
Stone should not touch the bottom and edge of the jar.

Question 30.
How do we get benefitted by using standard units in our daily life?
Answer:
Using standard units of measurements has many advantages.

• We can get accurate lengths of items such as clothes, ropes, sheet from ships. This will satisfy everyone equally.
• Using same measurements throughout the world brings standardisation of length in every sector.
• Standard units erase confusion over measuring lengths anywhere else in the world.

These TS 6th Class Science Important Questions 12th Lesson Simple Electric Circuits are crafted to align with the curriculum, ensuring students are well-prepared for assessments.

TS 6th Class Science Important Questions 12th Lesson Simple Electric Circuits

Question 1.
Why the position of cells affects the working of a torch-light?
Answer:
If the cells are wrongly placed in their positions, the circuit does not complete. Electricit does not flow in the circuit. Then the torch light did not work.

Question 2.
Can you describe a torch cell?
Answer:

• The cell consists of a cylindrical metal can. It is heavy in C weight because it is filled with some chemicals.
  
• There is a carbon rod in its centre. This carbon rod protrudes on one end of the can.
• It is covered with a small metal cap. This is the positive terminal of the other side.
• This metal disc is the negative terminal of the cell. The entire can is sealed.

Question 3.
What does a torch light bulb contain? How does it differ from an electric bulb?
Answer:
Torch bulb : A torch bulb consists of a glass chamber fixed on a metal hase.
Two metal wires are firmly fixed. One wire is attached to the metal cap. The other wire is attached base at the centre of the metal cap. These wires act as two terminals. These two terminals do not touch each other.

Electric bulb : The arrangement in an electric bulb is different. In this bulb,the two metal wires are attached to the two teminals at the bottom of the metal cap. The bulb contains a filament made of tungsten metal. It is a thin spring-like wire. It is attached to the two metal wires inside the glass chamber.

Question 4.
Why do bulbs have two terminals?
Answer:

• In an electric bulb, there are two metal wires.
• One end of each wire, forms a terminal. Thus, there will be two terminals.
• Current enters or leaves the wires in the bulb through these terminals.
• Current enters the bulb through one of these terminals and leaves the bulb through the other terminal so there are two terminals in a bulb.

Question 5.
How does a bulb glow with the help of a cell?
Answer:

• Both the electric cell and the bulb have two terminals each.
• One terminal of the cell is connected to a terminal of the bulb by a conducting wire.
• The other terminal of the cells is connected to the other terminal of the bulb by mother conducting wire. Then the bulb glows.

Question 6.
Name the different parts of a torch-light.
Answer:
The parts of a torch-light are: A hollow cylindrical barrel, cells, bulb, reflector, glass cover, switch and a metal spring.

Question 7.
What does a torch consist ?
Answer:
Torch consists a hollow cylindrical barrel. Cells are fitted in it. At one end of it there is a lid with screw. The lid can be unscrewed and removed, if required.

Question 8.
What makes the torch bulb to glow?
Answer:

• The open-end of the barrel is closed with the lid and the switch is put ON.
• Circuit completes and current flows in the circuit.
• Then the bulb glows.

Question 9.
What is the material of the filament in a ‘filament bulb’?
Answer:
Tungsten

Question 10.
What material do you find in electric wires?
Answer:
Metal (usually copper)

Question 11.
Can electric current pass through a sheet of thermocole?
Answer:
No.

Question 12.
Can we use jute string in place of metal wire, to make a circuit?
Answer:
No.

Question 13.
What are the materials required for producing electric circuits to make the bulb glow ?
Answer:
A bulb, a wire, power (cell or electricity) switch, drawing pins, etc are required for producing electric circuits to make the bulb glow.

Question 14.
What are conductors and insulators? Give two examples. (or)
What are conductors and insulators? Separate the following substances as conductors and insulators.
[Iron nail, piece of paper, piece of metal, bangle, hairpin, eraser]
Answer:
Conductors : Substances which allow electric current to flow through them are called conductors.
Insulators : Substances which do not allow electric current to flow through them are called insulators.

Question 15.
How are the bulbs in our houses connected?
Answer:
The electric supply vires in our house are called live and neutral. They are connected to the two terminals of the bulb through a switch. The switch is used to close or open the electric circuit.

Question 16.
What is the use of a torch-light?
Answer:
Torch-light is used as a source of light.

Question 17.
Why don’t we use electric wires without removing the plastic covering?
Answer:
Plastic is a non-conductor of electricity. So it should be removed and then the metal wire connected.

Question 18.
Why are we advised to wear rubber chappals while working with electricity?
Answer:
Rubber works as a non-conductor of electricity. So we are advised to wear rubber chappals while working with electricity.

Question 19.
What happens if the two terminals of a cell are connected with a single wire?
Answer:
The cell gets discharged soon. Thus electrical energy gets wasted.

Question 20.
Can you find why the bulb glows only when cells are placed in particular position?
Answer:
Yes. For the electricity to pass, opposite ends of the two cells should be in direct contact with each other. Then only the circuit completes.

Question 21.
Write the material required, procedure and observations to prepare a simple electric circuit.
Answer:
Aim : To prepare an electric circuit with available material.
Required material : Insulated wires, battery or cell, bulb, switch (drawing pins) wooden plank or thermacol sheet etc.
Procedure:

• Three pieces of plastic covered vires are taken.
• At least two centimeters of plastic covering is removed at both ends of the wire pieces.
• Now one end of two tips are attached to a bulb and other end is attached to a cell and a switch.
• Switch is prepared with the safety pin at A and B on wooden plank.
• The third vire piece is attached between the cell and switch point B.
• It should be seen that the safety pin is attached at point B.
• It should he done in such a way that one end of the pin is in contact with B and the other end is left free.
• Now both ends A and B are connected with safety pin.

Observation : When safety pin is connected between A and B the switch is ON. Then the bulb glows.
When safety pin is disconnected from A the switch is OFF. Then the bulb stops glowing.

Question 22.
The wires are connected in different forms as shown in figures A, B, C, D, E and F. In each case, record whether the bulb glows or not. Give reason.
Answer:
figures

Question 23.
An open circuit is given. Different objects are given. Insert the objects one by one in the gap between the open terminals A and B. With each insertion, check whether the bulb glows or not. Record your observations in the table provided.
Answer:

Question 24.
Draw a sketch of torch-light.
Answer:

Question 25.
Arrange the two cells in a torch in as many ways as you can. In which cases does the bulb glow and in which cases it doesn’t?
Answer:
The two cells in a torch can be arranged in the following four ways.

Bulb glows in cases : A and D.
Bulb does not glow in cases: B and C.

Question 26.
List out the daily activities in which we use electricity. Give two suggestions to save electricity.
Answer:
The daily activities in which we use electricity.

• Getting air through fans and ACs.
• Storing the food material through refrigerators.
• Getting water from wells through motar pump sets.
• Using electricity for travelling and transportation through vehicles, electric trains etc.
• Grinding the food material with the help of mixers and grinders.
• Ironing the shirts.

Suggestions to save electricity:

• Switch off the fan and lights whenever you leave the home.
• Check up the water taps and keep them in good condition to avoid wastage of water. So that the electricity used for water supply will he saved.
• Everyone should see that keeping electrical circuits such as switches, plugs, bulbs etc., in good condition.
• It is very good to use LED bulbs instead of using tungsten filament candle bulbs and tube lights.

Question 27.
(a) Make an Electric Circuit with the following picture.

Answer:

(b) When did the bulb not glow in the circuit?
Answer:
When the circuit broke, the bulb did not glow.

Telangana SCERT TS 8th Class Hindi Guide Pdf 11th Lesson हार के आगे जीत है Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 8th Class Hindi 11th Lesson Questions and Answers Telangana हार के आगे जीत है

प्रश्न :

प्रश्न 1.
चित्र में क्या दिखाई दे रहा है ?
उत्तर :
चित्र में अपाहिज लोगों का फुटबॉल खेल दिखायी दे रहा है।

प्रश्न 2.
वे क्या कर रहे हैं ?
उत्तर :
वे सभी फुटबॉल खेल खेल रहे हैं।

प्रश्न 3.
इसे देखने पर हमारे मन में क्या विचार उठते हैं ?
उत्तर :
इसे देखने पर हमारे मन में यह विचाए उठते हैं कि अपाहिजों को भी मन होता है, कुछ आशाएँ ओर आकांक्षाएँ होती हैं। उन आशाओं और आकांक्षाओं को सफल बनाने में हमें उन्हें सहयोग देना चाहिए।

सुनो – बोलो :

प्रश्न 1.
पाठ का शीर्षक कैसा लगा और क्यों?
उत्तर :
पाठ का शीर्षक “हार क आगे जीत है” सही लगा। क्योंकि हर हार के आगे जीत अवश्य होता है। यदि आज हारे तो कल गा एक न एक दिन जरूर जीत मिलेगी।

प्रश्न 2.
शारीरिक रूप से कमः गोर लोगों को किन कठिनाइयों का सामना करना पडता है ?
उत्तर :
शरीरिक रूप से कमज़ो लोगों को कई कठिनाइयों का सामना करना पडता है। वे किसी काम को नहीं कर सकते। न फिर सक। हैं। न चल सकते हैं। कुछ लोग ऐसे होते हैं, जो न सुन सकते हैंन बोल सकते और न देख सकते हैं। से लोग कहीं न जा सकते हैं।

पढ़ो :

अ. नीचे दिये गये वाक्य पढ़िए। किसने कहा बताइए।

आ. चित्र देखिए। उससे जुडे वाक्य पाठ में दूँढ़िए। रेखांकित कीजिए।

उत्तर :
…………. उसको चार वर्ष की उम्र में पोलियो हो गया था। तब से वह बैसाखियों के सहारे चलती थी। डॉक्टरों ने जवाब दे दिया था कि वह कभी भी ज़मीन पर अपने कदम सीधे नहीं रख पायेगी।
…………. पहली दौड़ 100 मीटर की थी। इसमें विल्मा ने जुत्ता को हराकर अपना पहला स्वर्ण पदक जीता। दूसरी दौड़ 200 मीटर की थी। इसमें भी विल्मा ने जुत्ता को दूसरी बार हराया और उसने दूसरा स्वर्ण पदक जीता।
………… विल्मा ने गिरी हुई बेटन उठायी और यंत्र की तरह तेज़ी से दौड़ी तथा जुत्ता को तीसरी बार भी हराया और अपना तीसरा स्वर्ण पदक जीता।
………….. यह उसके कठोर परिश्रम का ही परिणाम था कि उसने 1960 के के रोम ओलम्पिक में 100 व 200 मीटर की दौड़ और 400 मीटर की रिले दौड़ में स्वर्ण पदक जीते । और एक ही ओलम्पिक में तीन स्वर्ण पदक जीते । और एक ही ओलम्पिक में तीन स्वर्ण पदक जीतने वाली पहली अमेरिकी एथलीट बनी।

लिखो :

अ. नीचे दिये गये प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए।

प्रश्न 1.
विल्मा की माँ ने उसे प्रेरणा नहीं दी होती तो क्या होता ? सोचकर लिखो।
उत्तर :
विल्मा की माँ प्रेरणा नहीं दी होती तो विल्मा ऐसी अपाहिज की तरह् ही रह जाती थी। विल्मा की सफलता में उसकी माँ का बडा हाथ था। माँ सदा उसके साथ रहकर उसमें आत्मविश्वास जगाती रही। इस प्रकार विल्मा की सफलता में उसकी माँ की प्रेरणा अधिक थी।

प्रश्न 2.
विल्मा का जीवन प्रेरणादायक है। कैसे?
उत्तर :
विल्मा का जीवन बडा प्रेरणादायक है। पोलियो से पीडित होकर बैसाखियों से चलनेवाली होने पर भी ओलंपिक क्रीडाओं में भाग लेकर एक ही ओलंपिक में तीन स्वर्ण पदक पायी।
इसलिए हम कह सकेंगें कि विल्मा का जीवन प्रेरणादायक है।

आ. इस पाठ का सारांश अपने शब्दों में लिखिए।
उत्तर :
विल्मा ग्लोडियन रुडाल्फ़ का जन्म सन् 1940, जून 23 को अमेरिका के टेनेसी प्रांत में एक रेलवे मजदूर के घर में हुआ। विल्मा की माँ घर-घर जाकर झाडू पोछा लगाती थी। विल्मा नौ वर्ष तक ज़मीन पर कभी पाँव रखकर नहीं चल सकी। क्योंकि उसको 4 वर्ष की उम्र में पोलियो हो गया था। तब से वह बैसाखियों के सहारे चलती थी। उसकी माँ बडी धर्मपरायण और सकारात्मक मनोवृत्ति वाली साहसी महिला थी।
विल्मा दुनिया की सबसे तेज़ धावक बनने की इच्छा व्यक्त की। तो माँ ने उसे प्रोत्साहन दी। माँ ने उससे कहा कि “ईश्वर में विश्वास, स्वयं पर भरोसा, मेहनत और लगन से तुम सब कुछ प्राप्त कर सकते हो।”
माँ की प्रेरणा व हिम्मत से 9 वर्ष की उम्र में बैसाखियाँ उतार फेंकी और चलना प्रारंभ किया। इस प्रयन्न में कई बार ज़ख्मी हुई, दर्द झेली। उसने हिम्मत नहीं हारी। आखिर वह बैसाखियों के बिना चलने में कामयाब हो गयी।
इस प्रकार वह पहली दौड प्रतियोगिता में, उसके बाद दूसरी, तीसरी और चोथी दौड प्रतियोगिताओं में भी आखिरी स्थान पायी।
15 वर्ष की उम्र में विल्मा टेनेसी स्टेट विश्वविद्यालय गयी। वहाँ वह एड टेंपल नाम के एक कोच से मिली। उससे दौड की कला सीखने लगी।
आखिर वह दिन आया। विल्मा ओलंपिक में हिस्सा ली। 100 मीटर, 200 मीटर और 400 मीटर की रिले रेस में जुत्ता से मुकाबला करके तीनों में ख्वर्ण पदक पाया। इस प्रकार 1960 के रोम ओलंपिक में दुनिया की सबसे तेज़ धावक बन गयी। वह उसके कठोर परिश्रम का परिणाम था।

शब्द भंडार :

अ. अर्थ लिखिए।
जैसे – धावक – जो तेज़ दोड़ता है, उसे धावक कहते हैं।
ओलंपिक, रिले दौड़, बेटन, पोलियो

आ. भारतीय ओलंपिक विजेताओं के चित्र देखो। किसी एक के वारे में लिखिए।

उत्तर :
1. कसाबा दादू साहेब जादव :कसाबा दादू साहेब जादव” भारत देश की ओर से प्रथम ओलम्पिक विजेता।
2. लिएंडर एड्रियन पेस : लिएंडर एड्रियन पेस (बंगाली 17 जून) 1973 में ज़न्मे एक भारतीय पेशेवर टेनिस खिलाडी है जो वर्तमान में सुविधाओं डबल्स में घटनाओं एटीपी दूर और डेविस कप टूर्नामेंट, सात युगल और छह मिश्रित युगल ग्रेंड स्लैंम खिताब जीता है वह भारत का सर्वोच खेल सम्मान के प्राप्तकर्ता है। राजीव गाँधी खेल रत्र पुरसकार 1996-1997 में, अर्जुन पुरस्कार, 1990 में अपने उत्कृष्ट योगदान के लिए भारत में टेनिस और पद्म पुरखकार 2001 में, पेस पुरुष युगल में 2012 में ओंस्ट्रेलियन ओपन जीतने के बाद करियर ग्रेंड स्लैम पूरा किया।
3. कर्णम मलेश्षरी : एक भारतीय भारोत्तोलक। उसे पहली बार वह ‘राष्ट्रीय जूनियर चैम्पियनशिप वज़न उठाने भाग लिया, और पहले खड़ी थी।
4. राजवर्धन सिंह राठौर: राजवर्धन सिंह राठौर (29 जनवरी 1970 में जन्म, जैसलमेर, राज्यस्थान) एक भारतीय शूटर जो पुरुषों में रजत पदक जीता डबल ट्रैप में 2004 के ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलंपिक।
5. विजयेंदर : भारतीय स्टार मुक्केबाज़ विजयेंदर सिंह 75 किलोग्राम वर्ग के कार्टर फ़ाइनल में पहुँच गए हैं। विजयेंदर … पहले राउंड में विजयेंदर सिंह ज़्यादा आक्रमक नही रहे बल्कि उन्होंने विरोधी को पढ़ते हुए जवाबी हमलों पर ध्यान दिया।

परियोजना कार्य :

तुम अपने मनपसंद खिलाड़ी के बारे में नीचे दी गयी जानकारियाँ लिखो।
1. खिलाड़ी का नाम, 2. खेल, 3. कितने वर्षों से खेल रहा है?, 4. सम्मान, 5. क्यों पसंद है?

प्रशंसा :

खेल में हार – जीत लगी रहती है। हार के प्रति आप कैसी प्रतिक्रिया व्यक्त करोगे?
उत्तर :
खेल में हार – जीत लगी रहती है। हार के प्रति मैं इस प्रकार अपनी प्रतिक्रिया को व्यक्त करूँगा – खेल में दो पक्ष होते हैं। एक जीतेगा और दूसरा हारेगा। इसमें नाराज़गी या वैर भाव की क्या बात ? इस बार हार जाए तो अगली बार जीतूँगा। जीतने की कोशिश करूँगा। विपक्षी अगर जीतता है तो उसके खेल को समझूँगा और उसकी सराहना करूँगा। अपनी हार से भी सीखूँगा और अपनी जीत से भी सीखूँगा।

सृजनात्मक अभिव्यक्ति :

विल्मा का साक्षात्कार लेने के लिए एक प्रश्नावली तैयार कीजिए।
उत्तर :
1. क्या आपकी माता जी से ही आपको प्रेरणा मिली है ?
2. आप किस कक्षा से चलने योग्य बने ?
3. आपका पहला धावक कब शुरू हुआ?
4. आप किस साल के ओलिंपिक में भाग ली थी ?
5. आप जैसे अपाहिजों को आपका संदेश क्या है ?
6. ख्वर्ण पदक जीतने पर आपकी अनुभव कैसी थी ?

भाषा की बात :

रेखांकित शब्द के स्थान पर बेटा, भाई, वहन, मित्र, छात्र शब्दों का प्रयोग करते हुए वाक्य फिर से लिखिए।
“मेरी बेटी, जो तुम चाहो प्राप्त कर सकती हो।”
जैसे : “मेरे बेटे, जो तुम चाहो प्राप्त कर सकते हो।”
उत्तर :
“मेरे भाई, जो तुम चाहो प्राप्त कर सकते हो।”
” मेरी बहन, जो तुम चाहो प्राप्त कर सकती हो।”
“मेरे मित्र, जो तुम चाहो प्राप्त कर सकते हो।”
“मेरे छात्र, जो तुम चाहो प्राप्त कर सकते हो।”

Essential Material for Examination Purpose : 

1. पढ़ो :
पठित – गद्यांश

नीचे दिये गये गद्यांश को पढ़कर प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक वाक्य में लिखिए।

माँ की प्रेरणा व हिम्मत से 9 वर्ष की विल्मा ने बैसाखियाँ उत्तर फेंकी ब चलना प्रारम्भ किया। अचानक बैसाखियाँ उतार देने के बाद चलने के प्रयास में कई बार ज़ख्मी होती रही, दर्द झेलती रही, लेकिन उसने हिम्मत नहीं हारी और कोई सहारा नहीं लिया गया। आखिरकार एक साल के बाद बह बिना बैसाखियों के चलने में कामयाब हो गयी। इस प्रकार आठयीं कक्षा में आते आते उसने अपनी पहली दौड़ प्रतियोगिता में हिस्सा लिया और बह सबसे पीछे रही।

प्रश्न :
1. किसकी प्रेरणा से विल्मा ने बैसाखियाँ फेंक दीं ?
2. विल्मा क्यों ज़स्मी होती रही ?
3. विल्मा को बिना बैसाखियों के चलना सीखने में कितना समय लगा ?
4. विल्मा ने किस कक्षा में पहली दौड़ प्रतियोगिता में भाग लिया ?
5. यह गद्यांश किस पाठ से है ?
उत्तर :
1. माँ की प्रेरणा से विल्मा ने बसाखियाँ फेंक दी।
2. बिना बैसाखियों के चलने के प्रयास में विल्मा ज़ख्मी होती रही।
3. विल्मा को बिना बैसाखियों के चलना सीखने में एक साल लगा।
4. विल्मा ने आठवी कक्षा में पहली दौड़ प्रतियोगिता में भाग लिया।
5. यह गद्यांश ‘हार के आगे जीत है’ पाठ से है।

II. यह उसके कठोर परिश्रम का ही परिणाम था कि उसने 1960 बे रोम ओलिम्पिक में 100 व 200 मीटर की दौड़ और 400 मीटर की रिले दौड़ में स्वर्ण זदक जीते । और एक ही ओलिम्पिक में तीन स्वर्ण पदक जीतने वाली पहली अमेरिकी एथलीट बनी। रोम से लौटने पर पूरा अमेरिका उस लड़की के स्वागत में खड़ा था, जो कभी अपने पैरों पर भी खड़ी नहीं हो सकत्ती थी। उन्हीं के बीच में थी उसकी माँ, जिसकी बजह से आन वह इस मुकाम पर पहुँची थी ।

प्रश्न :
1. उपर्युक्त पंक्तियाँ किसके बारे में है?
2. विल्मा किस देश की रहने वाली थी?
3. विल्मा ने ओलंपिक में कितने स्वर्ण पदक जीते ?
4. 1960 में ओलंपिक खेल कहाँ हुए थे ?
5. विल्मा को सफलता किसकी वजह से मिली थी ?
उत्तर :
1. उपर्युक्त पंक्तियाँ विल्मा के बारे में हैं।
2. विल्मा अमेरिका की रहने वाली थी।
3. विल्मा ने ओलंपिक में तीन स्वर्ण पदक जीते।
4. 1960 में ओलंपिक खेल रोम में हुए थे।
5. विल्मा को सफलता उसकी माँ की वजह से मिली थी।

III. अमेरिका के टेनेसी प्रान्त में एक रेलवे मज़दूर के घर में 23 जून, 1940 में बिल्मा ने जन्म लिया, जिसकी माँ घर – घर जाकर झाडू – पोछा लगाती थी। वह नौ वर्ष तक ज़मीन पर कभी पाँव रख कर नहीं चल सकी, क्योंकि उसको चार वर्ष उम्र में पोलियो हो गचा था। तब से बह बैसाखियों के सहारे चलती थी।

प्रश्न :
1. अमेरिका के किस प्रान्त में विल्मा का जन्म हुआ?
2. विल्मा का जन्म कब हुआ है?
3. विल्मा की माँ क्या करती थी ?
4. विल्मा को किस उम्र में पोलियो हो गया था ?
5. विल्मा किसके सहारे चलती थी ?
उत्तर :
1. अमेरिका के टेनेसी प्रान्त में विल्मा का जन्म हुआ।
2. विल्मा का जन्म 23 जून, 1940 में हुआ।
3. विल्मा की माँ घर – घर जाकर झाडू – पोछा करती थी।
4. विल्मा को चार वर्ष की उम्र में पोलियो हो गया था।
5. विल्मा बैसाखियों के सहारे चलती थी।

अपठित – गद्यांश :

नीचे दिये गये गद्यांश को पढ़कर प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक वाक्य में लिखिए।

I. मनुष्य एक सामाजिक प्राणी है। वह समाज में रहता है और समाज में ही जीवन यापन करता है। एक व्यक्ति के दूसरे व्यक्ति के साथ पारस्परिक संबंध होते हैं। कई व्यत्तियों के आपसी व्यवहार से एक समाज का निर्माण होता है। अतः व्यक्ति से समाज, समाज से राष्ट्र, राष्ट्र से राज्य और राज्य से विश्व की परिकल्पना होती है। इसीलिए हमारे यहाँ प्राचीन काल से ‘बसुधैब कुटुंबकमू’ की धारणा मान्य रही है। विश्य में मनुष्य के अपने आपसी ब्यवहार से व्यत्तितात संबंध बनते और बिगड़ते रहे हैं। मनुष्य के कई प्रकार के आपसी संबंधों में एक संबंध है लैंगिक संबंधा यह मनुष्य में एड्रस रोग का प्रमुख कारण है। विश्व को एड्स की बीमारी से दूर रखने के लिए आघश्यक है कि इस रोग के बारे में समाज में जागरूकता लाई जाए।

प्रश्न :
1. मनुष्य कहाँ रहता है और वह कहाँ जीवन यापन करता है ?
2. एक समाज का निर्माण कैसा होता है?
3. प्राचीन काल से किसकी धारणा मान्य रही है ?
4. मनुष्य के कई प्रकार के आपसी संबंधों में एक संबंध क्या है?
5. विश्व की परिकल्पना कैसी होती है?
उत्तर
1. मनुष्य समाज में रहता है और वह समाज में ही जीवन यापन करता है।
2. कई व्यक्तियों के आपसी व्यवहार से एक समाज का निर्माण होता है।
3. प्राचीन काल से “वसुधैव कुटुंबकम” की धारणा मान्य रही है।
4. मनुष्य के कई प्रकार के आपसी संबंधों में एक संबंध लैंगिक संबंध है।
5. व्यक्ति से समाज, समाज से राष्ट्र, राष्ट्र से राज्य और राज्य से विश्व की परिकल्पना होती है।

II. हमें तीन चीज़ों की ज़रूरत है – खाना, कपडा और मकान। खाने की चीज़े जैसे अनाज, तरकारी आदि हमें किसान देते हैं। किसान गाँवों में रहते हैं। बे पहले खेत जोतते हैं। बाद में पानी सींचते हैं और बीज बोते हैं। थोडे दिनों के बाद फ़सल काटते हैं और गाडियों में लादकर दुकानों को भेजते हैं। बहाँ से हम अनाज को खरीदकर खाते हैं। वे ही किसान तरकारी भी पैदा करते हैं।

प्रश्न :
1. किसान कहाँ रहते हैं?
2. हमें किन – किन चीज़ों की जरूरत हैं?
3. खाने की चीजें हमें कौन देते हैं?
4. हम अनाज को कहाँ से खरीदकर खाते हैं?
5. हमें किसान क्या – क्या देते हैं?
उत्तर :
1. किसान गाँव में रहते हैं।
2. हमें तीन चीजों की ज़रूरत है – खाना, कपडा और मकान।
3. खाने की चीज़ें हमें किसान देते हैं।
4. हम अनाज को दुकानों से खरीदकर खाते हैं।
5. हमें किसान खाने की चीज़ें जैसे अनाज, तरकारी आदि देते हैं।

II. लिखो :

लघु प्रश्न :

प्रश्न 1.
विल्मा की तुम्हें कौन – सी बात सबसे अच्छी लगी और क्यों ?
उत्तर :
विल्मा को चार वर्ष की उम्र में पोलियो हो गया था। डॉक्टरों ने अपनी निस्सहायता प्रकट करने पर भी उसने स्वयं पर भरोसा रखकर मेहनत और लगन से धैर्य के साथ बैसाखियाँ उतारकर चलना आरंभ किया। इस प्रयास में कई बार ज़खी होने पर भी अपने लक्ष्य को नहीं छोडना मुझे बहुत अच्छी लगी। क्योंकि वह अपनी माँ की बातों पर और खुद अपने पर विश्वास रखते हुए आगे बढी। और कामयाब हो गई।

प्रश्न 2.
पोलियो का विज्ञापन ‘दो बूँद ज़िंदंगी की’ से आप क्या समझते हैं?
उत्तर :
“दो बूंद ज़िंदगी की’ यह विज्ञापन बहुत सोच समझकर रखा गया है। पोलियो को समूल निर्मूलन करने की उद्देश्य से सरकार मुफ़्त में वैक्सिन दे रहा है। पाँच साल से कम उम्र के बच्चों के लिए दो बूँद देने से ज़िंदगी भर पोलियो से मुक्त रह सकते हैं।

प्रश्न 3.
अपने पैरों पर खडे होने का अर्थ पता लगाकर, दो वाक्य लिखो।
उत्तर :
अपने पैरों पर खडे के दो अर्थ बता सकते हैं। एक तो अपने पैरों पर खडे होने का अर्थ बिना सहारे अपने आप अपने पाँव पर खडे रहना। दूसरा तो यह है कि किसी दूसरों की सहायता के बिना अपने आप का पालन – पोषण करलेना भी अपने पैरों पर खडे होने का अर्थ है।

लघु निबंध प्रश्न :

प्रश्न 1.
ओलंपिक में विल्मा का मुकाबला किससे था ? इस मुकाबले में उसका प्रदर्शन कैसा था?
उत्तर :
ओलंपिक में विल्मा का मुकाबला दुनिया के सबसे तेज़ दौडनेवालों में एक “जुत्ता हेन” से था जिसे कोई भी हरा नहीं पाया था। पहली दौड 100 मीटर में विल्मा ने जुत्ता को हराकर अपना पहला स्वर्ण पदक जीता। दूसरी दौड 200 मीटर में भी उसने दूसरी बार हराकर स्वर्ण पदक जीता। तीसरी दौड 400 मीटर की रिले रेस थी और विल्मा का मुकाबला एक बार फिर जुत्ता से ही था। रिले में रेस का आखरी हिस्सा टीम का सबसे तेज़ खिलाडी ही दौडता है। जब अंत में विल्मा की दौडने की बारी आई उससे बेटन छूट गयी। लेकिन विल्मा ने देख लिया कि दूसरे छोर पर जुत्ता हेन तेज़ी से दौडी चली आ रही है। विल्मा ने गिरी हुई बेटन उठाई और यंत्र की तरह तेज़ी से दौडी तथा जुत्ता को तीसरी बार भी हराया और अपना तीसरा स्वर्ण पदक जीता।

సారాంశము :

శారీరకంగా, మానసికంగా, ఆత్మపరంగా ఎవరైతే బలవంతులుగా ఉంటారో వారి అడుగులను (పాదాలను) విజయం (సఫలత) ముద్దు పెట్టుకుంటుంది. శక్తి కోసం శారీరక ఆరోగ్యం అవసరం. నిశ్చిత పరిస్థితుల్లో సమయంపై మన ప్రదర్శన కోసం మానసిక సమతౌల్యం కావాలి. విలువలకు అనుగుణంగా జీవించుటకు ఆత్మబలం కావాలి. ఈ మూడింటి శక్తి సామర్థ్యాలకు మరో పేరే విల్మా గ్లోడియన్ రుడాల్ఫ్,
అమెరికాలోని టెనెసీ ప్రాంతంలో ఒక రైల్వే కూలి వాని ఇంట 23 జూన్, 1940లో విల్మా జన్మించింది. ఆమె తల్లి ఇంటింటికి వెళ్ళి కసువు ఊడ్చే ఉద్యోగం చేసేది. ఆమె (విల్మా) 9 సం॥ల వయస్సు వచ్చేవరకు నేలపై ఎప్పుడూ కాలుపెట్టి నడవలేదు. ఎందుకనగా తన నాల్గవయేట తనకు పోలియో వ్యాధి సోకినది. అప్పటి నుండి ఆమె చేతికర్రల సహాయంతో నడవసాగింది. వైద్యులు ఆమె ఎప్పటికీ తన అడుగులను నేలపై సక్రమంగా వేయలేదని చెప్పిరి.
ఆమె తల్లి చాలా ధర్మపరాయణురాలు (ఆధ్యాత్మిక చింతన కల్గిన స్త్రీ). సకారాత్మక మనోవృత్తి కల్గిన సాహస వనిత (మహిళ), తల్లి ఆదర్శవాద మాటలు విన్న విల్మా “అమ్మా ! నేనేమి చేయగలను నడవనే లేనప్పుడు?” అని అన్నది.
“నా కుమార్తె ! నీవు ఏది కోరుకుంటే దాన్ని పొందగలవు” అని అమ్మ ఆత్మవిశ్వాసంతో చెప్పింది. అప్పుడు విల్మా “మరి నేను ఈ ప్రపంచంలో అందరికంటే వేగవంతంగా పరుగెత్తు అథ్లెట్ను కాగలనా ?” అని వెంటనే ప్రశ్నించినది. అది విన్న తల్లి ఎందుకు కాలేవు కుమారి ?. నీపై నాకు పూర్తి విశ్వాసం (నమ్మకం) ఉంది” అని చెప్పింది “దృఢ విశ్వాసం.
“ఎలాగమ్మా? వైద్యులు చెప్పే మాటలను బట్టి నేను నడవడం అసంభవం కదా! ” – అని విల్మా కరుణ స్వరంతో తన తల్లితో చెప్పింది.
“భగవంతునిపై నమ్మకం (విశ్వాసం), తన మీద భరోసా, పరిశ్రమ పట్ల ఇష్టంతో నీవు ఏది కోరుకుంటే అది పొందగలవు” అని తల్లి విల్మాతో అంటూ విల్మాను తన ఒడిలోకి తీసుకుంది.
తల్లి ఇచ్చిన ప్రేరణ మరియు ధైర్యంతో 9 సం॥ల విల్మా చేతికర్రలను తీసివేసి నడవడం ప్రారంభించింది. అకస్మాత్తుగా (ఒక్కసారిగా) చేతికర్రలను తీసివేసి నడిచే ప్రయాసలో ఎన్నోసార్లు గాయపడినది. నొప్పిని ఓర్చుకున్నది. కానీ ఆమె

ఎన్నడూ ధైర్యం వీడలేదు ఎవరి సహాయం (ఊతం) తీసుకోలేదు. చివరకు ఒక సం॥రం తర్వాత ఆమె చేతికర్రలు లేకుండానే నడవడంలో విజయం పొందింది. ఈ విధంగా 8వతరగతిలోనికి ప్రవేశిస్తూనే పరుగు పందెంలో పాల్గొని చివరి స్థానాన్ని పొందింది. తర్వాత రెండవ, మూడవ, 4వ పరుగు పందెములలో పాల్గొన్నది. వాటిలో కూడా చివరి స్థానాన్నే పొందింది. కానీ ఆమె వెనుతిరగలేదు. నిరంతరం పరుగుపందెంలో పాల్గొంటూనే ఉన్నది. చివరకు ఆమె ఒకరోజున పరుగు పందెంలో ప్రథమ స్థానాన్ని పొందినది.
15 సం॥ల వయస్సులో విల్మా టెనెసీ విశ్వవిద్యాలయం వెళ్ళినది. ఆమె అక్కడ ఎడ్ టెంపల్ అను పేరు గల ఒక కోచ్్ను కలసినది. ఆమె అతనితో తన కోరిక ప్రపంచంలో అందరికంటే బాగా పరుగెత్తు అథ్లెట్గా అవతరించ కాంక్షిస్తున్నట్లు చెప్పినది. అప్పుడు ఆయన “నీ ఈ కోరికను (కోరిక శక్తిని) ఎవ్వరూ ఆపలేరు, అంతేకాదు నేను కూడా నీకు తోడుగా ఉండి సహాయం చేస్తాను, నీకు నేను పరుగు పందెంలోని మెలకువలను నేర్పుతాను” అని చెప్పెను.

చివరకు ఆ రోజు రానే వచ్చింది. విల్మా ఒలింపిక్లో పాల్గొనబోవుచున్నది. ఒలింపిక్స్లో ప్రపంచంలోని బాగా పరుగెత్తు వాళ్ళతో తలపడవలసి ఉంటుంది. విల్మా జుత్తాహేన్ తో తలపడవలసి ఉన్నది. ఆమెను ఎవరూ ఓడించలేకపోయిరి. మొదటి పరుగు 100 మీటర్లది. దీనిలో ఆమె జుత్తాహేన న్ను ఓడించి తన మొదటి స్వర్ణ పతకమును పొందినది. రెండవ పరుగు 200 మీటర్లది. దీనిలో కూడా విల్మా, జుత్తాను రెండవసారి కూడా ఓడించినది. రెండవ స్వర్ణ పతకాన్ని కూడా పొందినది. మూడవ పరుగు 400 మీటర్ల రిలే పరుగు పందెం. మరలా విల్మా, జుత్తాతోనే పోటీ పడనున్నది. రిలే పరుగు పందెంలో చివరి భాగం టీంలోని అందరి కంటే వేగంగా పరుగెత్తు ఆటగాడే పాల్గొనును. విల్మా టీంలోని ముగ్గురూ రిలే పరుగు పందెంలో ప్రారంభపు మూడు భాగాలలో పరుగెత్తి తేలికగా బేటన్ మార్చుకున్నారు. విల్మా వంతు వచ్చినపుడు ఆమె చేతిలోని బేటన్ క్రింద జారిపడిపోయింది. కానీ విల్మా రెండవ వైపున జుత్తాహేన్ వేగంగా పరిగెత్తుకు రావడం చూసెను. విల్మా క్రింద పడిన బేటన్ తీసికొని యంత్రం వలే వేగంగా పరుగెత్తెను. ఆమె జుత్తాను మూడవసారి కూడా ఓడించెను. మూడవ బంగారు పతకాన్ని కూడా సాధించెను. ఈ విషయం చరిత్ర పుటల్లో నమోదు చేయబడినది. ఒక పోలియో పీడితులైన మహిళ 1960లో జరిగిన రోమ్ ఒలింపిక్స్ క్రీడల్లో ప్రపంచం మొత్తంలో వేగవంతమైన అథ్లెట్ అయినది.

ఇది ఆమె కఠోర పరిశ్రమ పరిణామానికి తార్కాణం. 1960లో జరిగిన రోమ్ ఒలింపిక్ లో 100 మీ. 200 మీ. మరియు 400 మీ. రిలే పరుగులో స్వర్ణపతకం మొత్తం 3 స్వర్ణ పతకాలు సాధించిన మొట్టమొదటి అమెరికన్ అథ్లెట్ అయినది. రోమ్ నుండి తిరిగి వచ్చిన తర్వాత అమెరికా యావత్తూ తన కాళ్ళపై తాను నిలబడలేని ఆ బాలికకు నిలబడి స్వాగతం పలికినది. వారి మధ్యలోనే విల్మా అమ్మగారు (ఎవరి ప్రేరణ వల్ల ఈ ఉన్నత స్థితిని పొందినదో) కూడా ఉన్నది.

वचन :

• सफलता – सफलताएँ
• घर – घर
• बात – बातें
• इच्छा – इच्छाएँ
• पन्ना – पन्ने
• परिश्थिति – परिस्थितियों
• बैसाखी – बैसाखियाँ
• बेटी – बेटियाँ
• हिस्सा – हिस्से
• क्षमता – क्षमताएँ
• महिला – महिलाएँ
• प्रतियोगिता – प्रतियोगिताएँ
• खिलाडी – खिलाडियाँ

लिंग :

• मॉं – बाप
• कवि – कवइत्री
• ईश्वर् – ईश्वर्र
• आदमी – औरत
• महिला – पुरुष
• बेटा – बेटी
• माता – पिता
• लडकी – लडका
• धावक – धाविका
• नौकर – नौकरानी

उपसर्ग :

• निश्चित – नि:
• संतुलन – सं
• प्रतियोगिता – प्रति
• परिस्थिति – परि
• अनुरूप – अनु
• निर्त्तर – निर
• प्रदर्शन – प्र
• धर्मपरायण – धर्म
• शुरुआत – शुरु

प्रत्यय :

• परिश्रम – श्रम
• शुरुआती – ई
• शारीरिक – इक
• अनुरूप – रूप
• आदर्शवादी – वादी
• तीसरी – ई
• आसानी – ई
• तंदुरस्ती – ई
• साहसी – ई
• प्रेरणा – आा
• खिलाडी – ई
• प्रतियोगिता – ता
• मार्निक – इक
• मनोवृत्ति – वृत्ति

उल्टे शब्द :

• मजचूत × कमज़ोर
• जवाब × प्रश्न
• साहसी × डरपोक
• पूरा × अधूरा
• मेहनत × आलस
• हार × जीत
• सफलता × विफलता
• सीधा × टेढा
• प्राप्त × अप्राप्त
• विश्वास × अविश्वास
• हिम्मत × डर
• आसानी × मश्किल
• जन्म × मृत्यु
• सकारात्मक × नकारात्मक
• तेज़ × मंद
• संभव × असंभव
• पहली × आखिरी
• कठोर × कोमल

पर्यायवाची शब्द :

• तन – शरीर, काय
• समय – काल
• ज़मीन – पृथ्वी, धरती
• महिला – स्त्री, औरत
• मेहनत – परिश्रम
• सफलता – कामयाब
• आखिरी – अंतिम
• पन्ना – पृष्ठ
• सफलता – विजय
• घर – मकान
• डॉक्टर – वैद्य
• बेटी – पुत्री
• स्वयं – खुद
• हिस्सा – भाग
• इच्छा – चाह
• स्वागत – निमंत्रण
• तंदुरस्त – स्वारथ्य
• मॉं – माता, जननी
• जवाब – उत्तर
• दुनिया – विश्व, संसार
• हिम्मत – धैर्य
• प्रतियोगिता – होड
• स्वर्ण – हैम, कांचन
• मुकाम – स्थान

संधि विच्छेद :

• शारीरिक = शरीर + इक
• सकारात्मक = सकार + आत्मक
• आदर्शवादी = आदर्श + वादी
• विद्यालय = विद्या + आलय
• धार्मिक = धर्म + इक
• मनोवृत्ति = मनः + वृत्ति
• साह्सी = साहस + ई
• आत्मविश्वास = आत्म + विश्वास
• धाविका = धावक + इका

वाक्य प्रयोण :

1. हिम्मत – वह बड़ा हिम्मत वाला है।
2. मुकाबला – को – कभी हमें कष्टों से भी मुकाबला करना पडता है।
3. र्वागत – जो जीतेगा उसे ही स्वागत मिलेगा।
4. हमेशा – हमेशा सच ही बोलना चाहिए।
5. हिस्सा लेना – हर प्रतियोगिता में वह हिस्सा लेती रहती है।

मुहावरे वाले शब्द :

1. कदम रखना = प्रवेश पाना, किसी रथान पर पहुँचना
वह तहाँ कदम रखता है वहाँ पदक अवश्य मिलता है।
2. जवाज दे देना = डॉक रों द्वारा रोगी का अन्य जगह ले जाने को कहना।
डॉक्त रों ने जवाब दे दिया कि वह कभी भी ज़मीन पर कदम नहीं रख पायेगी।
3. जवाब देना = नौकी से अलग करना
उसदे: मालिक ने उसे नौकरी से जवाव दे दी।
4. हिस्सा लेना = भागञ, शामिल होना
हर ईतियोगिता में वह हिस्सा लेती रही।
5. मुकावले होना = तुल्य या बराबरी होना
उसके मुकाबले में कौन खड़े हो सकते हैं ?
6. हार चुकाना = विफ़न होना
वह हार प्रतियोगिता में हरा जा चुकता है।
7. हार मानना = अपर य या पराजय स्वीकार करना
वह। सपना हार न मानने वाला है।
8. कदम चूमना = पाँव छूना, चरण स्पर्श करना, सम्मान करना
जो विजय होते हैं सब उसके कदमों को चूमते हैं।

शब्दार्थ (అర్ధములు) (Meanings) :