Law Questions and Answers AP Inter 1st Year Civics Chapter 4

Regular practice with AP Inter 1st Year Civics Study Material Chapter 4 Law Questions and Answers helps students stay prepared for examinations.

AP Inter 1st Year Civics 4th Lesson Law Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
Explain the term law and its origin.
Answer:
The concept of Law in social science explains how to regulate the behavior of men in society. The first dimension of the term ‘Law’ is derived from the German “Lag” which means to lay, or to set or to fix.

The second dimension of the term ‘Law’ is derived from the Latin words “Jus and Jungere,” which mean bond or tie.

Question 2.
What is Natural Law?
Answer:
Natural law is an abstract divine law. It is not created by any human agency. It is considered as the gift of nature based on metaphysical power. It is written in the heart of human beings by the finger of God.

Question 3.
Write about Constitutional Law.
Answer:

• Constitutional law is the supreme law of a state. It determines the structure of the government.
• It explains the relationship among the organs of government. It also explains the rights and responsibilities of the citizens of a state.

Question 4.
What is Administrative Law?
Answer:
Administrative law is the law of administration. It plays an important role in the smooth functioning of administration. It regulates the administrative relations between the authorities and people. It helps the government to bring reforms in the sphere of development and welfare programmes.

Question 5.
Explain the “Rule of Law”.
Answer:
Rule of Law says all are equal before law. it is the unique feature of British Constitution.

A.V.Dicey says that “Every official from Prime Minister to attender, all are equal before the law”.

The government must treat all the citizens equally as per the law. It Simply says, rule is rule for all. It stands for equality before the law.

Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
Explain any two sources of law.
Answer:
Law is a product of history. It has passed through various stages of development.
Several elements have contributed to its evolution.

Six Sources of Law mentioned by Professor T.E. Holland:

1. Customs.
2. Religion.
3. Equity.
4. Legislature.
5. Judicial decisions.
6. Scientific Commentaries

1. Customs:
Customs are regarded as the earliest source of Law. In ancient period disputes between individuals were settled in accordance with the prevailing social customs. These customs, rituals and traditions in course of time became a basis for social life. For example. Marriage laws are formulated on the basis of customs.

2. Religion:
In ancient period, Customs and Religion were closely related to each other. The ancient city states were governed on the basis of divine laws. The early priests, kings and magicians played a key role in making laws supported by religion. Religion served as the basis of laws in many states. Example. The origin of the Hindu laws in -India can be traced to the Code of Manu.

Question 2.
Write any four features of law.
Answer:
Features of Law:

1. Law comprises some rules and regulations which are approved by the soverei
2. It is enforced by the state. It is valid because it is sanctioned by the state.
3. It is definite, precise and universal.
4. It reflects the will of the people.
5. Any violation of law leads to punishment.
6. Laws are compulsory and cohesive in nature.
7. Law aims at securing and promoting the individual and general welfare.
8. Law is dynamic as it goes on changing according to the needs of the people.

Question 3.
Distinguish between Law and Morality.
Answer:
Differences between Law and Morality:

Long Answer Questions

Question 1.
Define Law and explain the sources of law.
Answer:

• Law is a product of history. It has passed through various stages of development.
• Several elements have contributed to its evolution.

Definition of Law:
“Law is the collection of principles recognised and applied by the state in the administration of justice.” -John Salmond

Six Sources of Law mentioned by Professor T.E. Holland :

1. Customs.
2. Religion.
3. Equity.
4. Legislature.
5. Judicial decisions.
6. Scientific Commentaries

1. Customs: Customs are regarded as the earliest source of Law. In ancient period disputes between individuals were settled in accordance with the prevailing social customs. These customs, rituals and traditions in course of time became a basis for social life.
Ex: Marriage laws are formulated on the basis of customs.

2. Religion: In ancient period, customs and religion were closely related to each other. The ancient city states were governed on the basis of divine laws. The early priests, kings and magicians played a key role in making laws supported by religion.
Ex:The origin of the Hindu laws in India can be traced to the Code of Manu.

3. Equity: The term ‘equity’ stands for the principles of fairness and justice. When the existing laws are inadequate, judges use their common sense and fair understanding to give relief to the party concerned. It is viewed as judge made law.

4. Legislation: Most of the laws are passed by the legislature. Legislation is considered as the direct source of law. Legislation became a significant element in enacting laws in modem times. While formulating laws, legislature represents the voice of the general public.

5. Judicial Decisions: Judicial Decisions are also considered as the most important source of law. The judges settle various disputes and review the constitutional propriety of laws. When a law is silent, judges express their opinions to deal with such situations, with better arguments and evidences.

6. Scientific Commentaries: The views, comments and works of eminent jurists on law help in the formation of laws. Greater importance is assigned to the opinion of judges, jurists and lawyers in the formulation of laws. In the course of their commentaries, the jurists point out the drawbacks in law, and suggest the solutions.

Question 2.
Define law and explain any six types of Maclver’s classification of Law.
Answer:

• Law is a product of history. It has passed through various stages of development
• Several elements have contributed to its evolution.

Definition of Law:

“Law is the collection of principles recognised and applied by the state in the administration of justice.”-John Salmond

Types of Laws in Maclver’s classification:
1. Natural Law: Natural law is also known as divine law. It is abstract. It is not created by any human agency. It is considered as the gift of nature based on metaphysical power.

2. Positive Law: Positive law is created by the human agency. It is also known as political law. It is framed on the basis of the existing social and political conditions. It is sanctioned by the sovereign political authority.

3. Constitutional Law: Constitutional Law is basically different from ordinary laws. It is supreme law of the State. It determines the structure of the government. It explains the relationship among the organs of the government.

4. Ordinary Law: Ordinary law is subordinate to the constitutional law. It is formulated and enforced by the competent authority of the state. It explains the relations of the citizens with society, government and state.

5. Public Law: Public law regulates the relations between state and individuals. It explains the basic structure and functions of the state. It covers the basic rights of the individuals against the excessive interference of the state.

6. Private Law: Private Law determines and regulates the relations among the individuals. It perescribes the conduct of individuals in society. It provides guarantee to each individual to enjoy their rights. It is sometimes termed as civil law. Public Law is further divided into Administrative Law and General Law.

7. Administrative Law: Administrative law plays an important role in the smooth functioning of administration. It regulates the administrative relations between the authorities and people, law brings discipline among the personnel in the government.

8. General Law: General Law determines the relationship between ordinary citizens and the state. It de with the private affairs of individual in relation to the state. It covers the laws relating to marriage divorce, contract, etc.. General Law is further classified into statutory law, Common law.

9. Statutory Law: Statutory law is an important part of modern law. It is enacted by the legislature of a s for the day-to-day administration. For instance, the Parliament in India, the Congress in USA and Parliament in Britain formulate this type of law.

10. Common Law: Common law is a customary law. It is a product of customs and traditions which are po among the people. The courts accept common law as a part of the legal system.

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
The term ‘Equity’ is derived from the principle of ____________.
1. Natural Justice
2. Social Justice
3. Legal Justice
4. Political Justice
Answer:
1. Natural Justice

Question 2.
Which book of A. V. Dicey gave a precise explanation of the ‘Rule of law?
1. International Law
2. Politics
3. The Prince
4. Introduction to the study of The law of the constitution.
Answer:
4. Introduction to the study of The law of the constitution.

Question 3.
Which source of law is viewed as judge-made law?
1. Customs
2. Religion
3. Equity
4. Legislation
Answer:
3. Equity

Question 4.
India adopted the concept of ‘Rule of law’ from.
1. England
2. USA
3. France
4. Germany
Answer:
1. England

Question 5.
Which country believed that ‘breach of convention is a breach of law’? v
1. India
2. Britain
3. France
4. China
Answer:
2. Britain

Question 6.
Which of the following js an incorrect statement about constitutional law?
1. It is basically different from ordinary Law.
2. It is the supreme law of a state.
3. It determines the structure of the government.
4. It is not created by any human agency.
Answer:
4. It is not created by any human agency.

Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
The term ‘Law’ is derived from the teutonic root German ‘Log’ which means ____________________
Answer:
to lay/ to set/ something fixed

Question 2.
Violation of law leads to ____________.
Answer:
punishment

Question 3.
The source of Hindu laws in India is ____________.
Answer:
The code of Manu

Question 4.
The source of Mohammedan Law is ____________.
Answer:
Shariah

Question 5.
Natural law is also known as ____________.
Answer:
Divine law

Question 6.
The word ‘Law’ has its roots in the Latin words “Jus and Jungere, which mean ____________.
Answer:
Bond/Tie

One Word Answers

Question 1.
What is the supreme law of the state?
Answer:
Constitutional law.

Question 2.
Which law plays an important role in the smooth functioning of administration?
Answer:
Administrative law

Question 3.
Who believed that state is a necessary evil institution?
Answer:
Individualists

Question 4.
Who gave the slogan ‘Nothing against the state”?
Answer:
Mussolini

Question 5.
Where did the concept of the ‘Rule of Law’ originate?
Answer:
England