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These TS 6th Class Science Important Questions 7th Lesson Separation of Substances serves as a valuable tool for students to prioritize their studying and revision efforts.

TS 6th Class Science Important Questions 7th Lesson Separation of Substances

Question 1.
What type of mixture is our soil?
Answer:
A natural mixture

Question 2.
Can water be used to separate the components of any mixture?
Answer:
No.

Question 3.
How can you separate rotten fruits from fresh fruits?
Answer:
Hand picking process.

Question 4.
Which property helps in separating the husk from grain?
Answer:
Difference in weights of the husk and grains.

Question 5.
Why sedimentation takes place?
Answer:
Due to gravity.

Question 6.
How does precipitation differ from sedimentation?
Answer:
Precipitation is rapid, whereas sedimentation is a very slow process

Question 7.
Can you have filter papers with different pore sizes?
Answer:
Yes.

Question 8.
Which of the following does sublime, when heated?
(a) camphor
(b) common salt
(c) Iodine
(d) Ammonium chloride
Answer:
Items a, c and d sublime

Question 9.
Which process can be used to remove impurities from water?
Answer:
Distillation

Question 10.
How is butter taken out from milk or curd?
Answer:
By Churning

Question 11.
Which method is better for separating tea leaves from prepared tea, decantation or filtration?
Answer:
Filtration.

Question 12.
What is the reverse of evaporation?
Answer:
Condensation.
(Note : The process of conversion of vapour into its liquid form is called condensation.)

Question 13.
List out the different substances that are used to make the items given in the following table.
(Or)
Define mixtures. Name some of the mixtures, that you have seen, tested in your daily life. List out the different substances that are used to make above said mixtures.
Answer:
Definition: The component having more than one substance is called mixture.

Item	Substances
1. Tea	Milk, tea leaves, sugar and water.
2. Item	Bengal gram flour; vegetable oil or ghee; cashew nuts, cardamom and sugar (or Jaggery)
3. Lemon Juice	Lemons, sugar and water
4. Concrete	Cement, sand, small stones and water.
5. Soil	Weathered rock, organic material (humus),water and air.

Question 14.
The materials ghee, wax, sand, sugar, salt, haldi, dal, plastic, wood and iron nails are supplied. Answer the following.

(i) Which materials float on water?
Answer:
Wax, plastic and wood float on water.

(ii) Which materials sink in water?
Answer:
Sand, dal and iron nails sink in water.

(iii) Which materials are soluble in water?
Answer:
Sugar and salt are soluble in water.

(iv) Which materials are insoluble in water?
Answer:
Ghee and haldi are insoluble in water.

Question 15.A.
You might have come across some situations where you have to separate some components from a mixture. Write down two examples of such situations.
Answer:
Case 1. Stones are separated from pulses.
Case 2. Husk is separated from wheat flour.

Question 15. B.

(i) Did you able to separate each component from the mixture?
Answer:
Yes.

(ii) Are the methods used to separate the components same in all these instances?
Answer:
No.

(iii) What are the properties of the components that are used in separating them?
Answer:
In case 1, hand picking. The colour difference between the pulses and the stones made it possible to separate them by hand picking. In case 2, sieving, difference in size between the flour particles (very fine) and the husk particles (large).

Question 16.
Can you separate salt from sand by hand picking?
Answer:
No.

Question 17.
What differences in the properties of rice, pulses and stones help us in separating them by the method of hand picking?
Answer:
There are two reasons.

• The size of the stone is different from rice or pulses.
• The colour of stone, rice and pulses are different.

Question 18.
Give some examples of day-to-day life, where the hand-picking method is used.
Answer:

• Separating tomato, green chillis and radish.
• Rotten eggs are removed from fresh eggs.
• Separating pencils and erasers.

Question 19.
A little of the soil is shaken with water in a glass tumbler. It ¡s kept undisturbed for some time. Then mud particles settle at the bottom of the tumbler. Why is it so?
Answer:

• Mud is not soluble in water.
• Mud is heavier than water.
  So mud particles settle at the bottom of the tumbler

Question 20.
(a) Can you separate mud from muddy water using a sieve?
Answer:
No.

(b) How small should be the pores of the sieve to do this?
Answer:
The size of the pores of the sieve should be smaller than the size of the fine mud particles.

(c) Now, you use a cloth as a sieve. Is the water clear after sieving?
Answer:
No, the water is not clear.

Question 21.
How is salt extracted from sea water?
Answer:
Sea water is captured in wide pans and is exposed to air and sunlight. Then water evaporates and the salt is left behind in the pAnswer: The process is called ‘crystallisation.’

Question 22.
What is ‘distilled water’?
Answer:
When water is boiled, some water vapourises. These vapours are collected in a flask and cooled. Then these vapours turn into water. This water is free from impurities. It is called ‘distilled water’.

Question 23.
What are the uses of ‘distilled water’?
Answer:

• The injection powder is first mixed with distilled water. Then this liquid is injected to patients, by doctors.
• In chemical laboratories, distilled water is used during chemical analysis.

Question 24.
In order to separate the components of a mixture, we make use of their difference in colour, shape, size, weight, solubility.
(a) Can we use these features for separating mixtures of powdered salt and camphor?
Answer:
No. However, property of solubility may be used in common salt dissolves in water, while camphor is insoluble in water. Now the salt is recovered from the salt water, by evaporation process.

(b) What other properties can be use?
Answer:
Sublimation. Camphor sublimes. Salt does not sublime.

Question 25.
What is chromatography?
(Or)
Which method is used to separate colours from a mixture of colours?
Answer:
Chromatography is a technique used for separating mixtures of gases, liquids or dissolved substances.

Question 26.
Give an example of chromatography.
Answer:
Ink appears to be made of a simple colour but it is actually a mixture of many colours. The qualitative separation of ink into its component colours can be done using chromatography.

Question 27.
Where do we use chromatography method?
Answer:
Chromatography is used to separate the colours and then identify the components of a mixture. Ex: Ink, green pigment of leaf, dyes, etc.

Question 28.
Describe any four methods which separate the material.
Answer:

• Winnowing – Eg: Separation of husk from the paddy grains
• Hand – picking: Eg: Separation of stones from rice and pulses
• Crystallization – Eg : Separation of soluble substances from the solution.
• Decantation – Eg: Floating substance is separated by leaving the sediment in the container.
• Chromatography – Eg: Separation of colours from different mixtures of colours.

Question 29.
How do farmers separate husk from grains?
Answer:
Farmers separate husk from grains by the method called “Winnowing”.

Question 30.
Write the method you follow to separate
(a) Mud from water
(b) Husk and flour
Answer:
(a) Mud from water : Filtration
(b) Husk and flour : Sieving

Question 31.
What is sublimation ? Give an example.
Answer:
The process in which a substance changes directly from solid to gaseous form and vice-versa is called sublimation. Eg: Sublimation of camphor.

Question 32.
Can you separate salt from salt water, using a filter paper? If not, why?
Answer:
No.
Reason : The particles of salt dissolved in water are so small in size, that they easily pass through the fine pores of the filter paper. So they can’t be separated by filtration.

Question 33.
Rani filtered mud water by using filter paper. You cannot understand how it is possible. Write down some questions which will be asked by you.
Answer:

• How can we separate mud from water?
• is it possible to separa te mud from water?
• What are the tools required to filter mud water?
• Is mud water filtered easily?
• Are there any techniques to filter mud water?

Question 34.
Hemanth purchased green chilli, coriander seeds, tomato, red gram, wheat flour and kept them safely in a bag. While returning he fell and all the items in the bag got mixed. How will he separate?
1. Which material will he separate first?
2. How would he separate tomato and chilli?
3. How would he separate wheat flour?
4. How would he separate coriander seeds?
Answer:

1. First tomato and chilli are separated.
2. By hand picking.
3. Wheat flour is separated by sieving.
4. Coriander seeds can be separated from red gram by winnowing.

Question 35.
What is distilled water? Write the arrangement of apparatus to make distilled water by distillation with a neat labelled diagram.
(Or)
What process do you follow to obtain distilled water on your own? Explain the procedure. Mention the apparatus.
(Or)
Write the procedure and precautions taken in the extraction of distilled water experiment.
Answer:
The water content that is made free from impurities by the process of vapourisation technique is called distilled water.
Preparation of distilled water:

Required apparatus : Two conical flasks, water, plastic tube, bunsen flame, tripod, 2 single holed rubber corks etc.

Precautions:

• Inserting tubes into the rubber holders is done gently.
• Applying heat to the flask should be observed carefully.

Procedure: A conical flask is filled with water and closed with cork having a hole. Take an another conical flask with a cork having a hole and insert another glass tube through it. Connect both tubes with a plastic tube. Water containing flask is heated.

Observation : It is observed that water vapour goes into the empty flask. It turns slowly into water. The water in the second conical flask is called distilled water.

Question 36.
Describe the experiment of sublimation of camphor with a figure.
(Or)
How do you demonstrate the process of sublimation ? What apparatus did you use ?
Answer:
Aim : To observe the sublimation of camphor.

Apparatus : Cotton, glass funnel, china dish,camphor and powdered salt, stand, burner etc.

Procedure : A mixture of camphor and powdered salt is taken in a china dish and covered with a funnel. The dish is placed on a stand. It is heated with a burner.

Observation : When camphor is heated, it transforms into a gaseous form without changing into liquid.
Similarly, on cooling, the gaseous form of a camphor changes directly into a solid without going to the liquid state.

Question 37.
Write the process of separation of husk from grain.
Answer:
Standing on a high platform, the husk and grain mixture is allowed to drop slowly from the flat pan.
As a result the wind carries the husk forward and the grains fall vertically downward. A separate heap of grain is formed.

Question 38.
Which separation method is used to separate the mixture of Suji (Raya) and sugar?
Answer:
The method sieving is used to separate Suji (Rava)and sugar.
The fine and smaller particles of raya pass through sieve holes. The sugar crystals are left on the sieve plate.

Question 39.
Write the experimentation method and precautionary measures to know about chromatography method.
Answer:
Aim : To show the phenomenon of chromatography.
Required materials : Chalk piece, ink, plate, water etc.

Procedure : A stick of white chalk is taken. An ink (blue or black) mark is put around the curved surface of the chalk. A plate is taken and filled with little amount of water. Ensure that the water does not touch the ink mark. The set up is kept undisturbed for sometime.

Observation : It is observed that the chalk piece absorbed water. Water absorption took place upto its tip. Some colours appeared from the ink border. Yellow, red, blue, green etc are seen from the ink mark to tip of the chalk piece.

Question 40.
A mixture of sand, sawdust and salt Is given in a beaker, half-filled with water. The mixture is stirred well and allowed to settle for 10 minutes. Answer the following.

(a) Which substance floats on the water?
Answer:
Saw dust

(b) How can you collect it?
Answer:
Using a perforated wooden spoon.

(c) Which substance settles at the bottom of the beaker?
Answer:
Sand.

(d) How can you collect it back?
Answer:
Filtration

(e) Which substance is dissolved in the water?
Answer:
Salt

(f) How can you get it back?
Answer:
Crystallisation.

Question 41.
Your teacher conducted the following experiment in the classroom.
(a) What is the name of the experiment?
Answer:
Chromatography

(b) What do you observe in the colour on the chalk piece in this experiment?
Answer: Different colours formed from the ink mark, expanded on the chalk.

These TS 6th Class Science Important Questions 6th Lesson Habitat serves as a valuable tool for students to prioritize their studying and revision efforts.

TS 6th Class Science Important Questions 6th Lesson Habitat

I. Conceptual Understanding :

Question 1.
Write about pond habitat and organisms in that surroundings.
Answer:
There are several organisms in a pond. The different regions in the pond with different communities of some organisms are present. This is due to some conditions like availability of different amounts of food, air, light etc.,

Different organisms at different regions :

(a) Above the pond surface : Dragonfly, mayfly and kingfisher living above the surface of the pond.

(b) Pond surface : Organisms like snail, whirling beetle and pond skater live on the surface. The larva of mayfly and dragonfly also live on the surface of pond.

(c) Mid water : Great water boatman, leech and mosquito larva are found in midwater. Fish and crabs also swim around this region.

(d) Pond margins : Several grasses, frogs, cranes, crabs etc., are seen in this region. Fish usually lay eggs here.

(e) Bottom of the pond : This region has plants like Hydrilla and animals like mussels, flatworms and some maggots larva of some insects like fly.

Question 2.
Write about the nature of the bottom of the pond.
Answer:
The bottom of the pond has plants like Hydrilla and animals like mussels, flatworms and some maggots larva of some insects like fly. Light is minimum here, but food, in the form of dead and decaying matter is in plenty.

Question 3.
What are aquatic and terrestrial habitats ?
Answer:
The habitat of water is called aquatic habitat. The habitat of land is called terrestrial habitat.

Question 4.
Write a few lines about desert habitat and the organisms that live in the desert habitat.
Answer:
Desert possesses high temperature and the atmosphere is always dry. Yet, in the adverse atmosphere, many plants and animals are living in the desert. Desert plants and animals are suited to drv conditions and vast temperature differences. Eg : Cactus, acacia, aloevera are plants. Camel, dogs are animals.

Question 5.
What is a habitat ? Name some plants and animals which live in aquatic and terrestrial habitats.
Answer:
Habitat is a dwelling place for plants and animals that gives them optimum conditions of life.

Examples of terrestrial plants: Neem, mango, jasmine, guava, apple, orange, lemon tree, grapes etc.

Terrestrial animals : Tiger, lion, sheep, cow, cat, dog, donkey, monkey etc. Aquatic animals : Fish, turtle, snail, crab, prawn, whale, shark, star fish, insects, snakes etc.

Aquatic plants: Hydrilla, lotus, vallisnaria, pistia, water hyacinth, algae etc.

Question 6.
Tree is a habitat. Explain with examples.
(or)
How do you say that tree is a habitat for many organisms ?
Answer:
Tree gives shelter and food for many animals. So we should consider that tree is a habitat. Birds, monkeys, squirrels, snakes, ants, spiders, caterpillars, moths, bees, wasps, mosquitoes etc are some of the organisms that live on the tree. There are also some smaller plants live on the tree. Eg : Mosses.

Question 7.
What are the animals that share the surface of the pond as habitat ?
Answer:
Dragonfly, mayfly, smaller insects, kingfisher bird etc., share the surface of the pond.

II. Asking Questions and Making Hypothesis :

Question 8.
Your teacher asked you about the surroundings of your home. He confirmed that your home is as a habitat. Can you agree with your teacher ?
Answer:

1. Yes, I can agree with my teacher that my house is habitat.
2. In fact we live in our house, that protects us from heat, cold and rain etc. and it is shelter for us.
3. We keep some animals and birds as pets in our houses.
4. We also grow some plants which give us fruits and vegetables.

Question 9.
Imagine a deer is shifted from its natural habitat forest to another habitat (desert). What will be the effect on it ?
Answer:

1. Deer cannot live in the desert habitat.
2. It will suffer from lack of food, water and hot weather conditions.
3. Dry conditions will trouble it seriously.
4. Deer may die due to dryness and water less and food scarcity.

Question 10.
What type of questions do you ask your teacher to know about desert plants ?
Answer:

1. How can plants grow in desert ?
2. How can plants withstand desert atmosphere ?
3. What type of plants grow in deserts ?
4. Can desert plants give fruits ?

Question 11.
Why shouldn’t we kill the smaller animals and insects ?
Answer:

1. Insects and some other animals help us by cleaning the environment.
2. Some insects eat harmful micro organisms.
3. Some insects and animals help us in good crops yields.
4. Hence we should not kill any animal and insects.

Question 12.
Read the following para. Answer the following questions.
Tree is also a habitat. Birds, Monkeys, Squirrels, Snakes, Ants, Spiders, Caterpillars, Moths, Bees, Wasps, Mosquitoes and some of the algae we usually observe on the trees.

(a) The organisms that are found at the base of tree
Answer:
Snakes, ants, algae.

(b) Organisms appear between the branches.
Answer:
Monkeys, ants, mosquitoes, birds, caterpillar, spiders

(c) Organisms live on the trunk
Answer:
Ants, algae, bees, moths

(d) Organisms live under the bark Answer: Wasps, bees etc.

Question 13.
Write some names of the plants and animals which live in water. Are leaves of all plants growing in the pond similar ? Why?
Answer:
Animals live in water: Fish, crab, snail, pond skater, insects, prawn, snakes etc. Plants live in water: Vallisnaria, lotus, water hyacinth, grass etc.

1. Leaves of plants that live in water are not similar.
2. For example some plants such as Hydrilla have smaller scaly leaves that can withstand the water currents.
3. Some plants such as lotus have larger and wax layer coarsed leaves that enable to float on the water surface.

III. Experimentation and field Investigation :

Question 14.
Collect an aquatic plant say a Hydrilla or Vallisneria. Also collect any land plant. Now compare the two and write your observation in a table.
Answer:
With the instructions of our science teacher we visited the garden and a pond. As we were instructed to get a water plant we picked Hydrilla plant from pond. And we have collected Tulasi plant also. The parts of the two plants are observed. Some differences are seen in their parts. They were tabulated as follows.

Parts	Terrestrial plant (Tulasi)	Aquatic plant (Hydrilla)
Stem	Strong and dry in colour	Weak and green in colour.
Leaf	Meadium size leaves are present	Narrow leaves and small in size.
Root	Roots are fixed in the soil with root hairs	Roots are fixed in the bottom of the pond but not much stronger.
Others	Long flower clusters are present	Flowers clearly seen; but small and less.

IV. Information Skills and Projects :

Question 15.
Read the following.

under the ground	on the ground	in/on water	some other place
Eg:snake	snake	snake

Snake, cat, lotus, bird, dung beetle, earthworm, prawns. Where is each organism found most often ? Tabulate the information collected from surroundings.
Answer:

Under the ground	On the ground	In/on water	Some other place
Snake	Snake	Snake	–
–	Cat	–
Dung beetle	Dung beetle	Lotus
Earthworm			Earthworm (in the fields)
	Bird	–	Bird (in home)
		(prawns)	Fresh water prawn

Question 16.
We know that tree is a habitat. You go to field and observe a tree. Find out the organisms which are living on different places of the tree. Tabulate the information.

At the base of the tree	ants, snakes, small plants
On the trunk	spiders, caterpillars, wasps
Between the branches	monkeys, caterpillars, mosquitoes, bees
On or within leaves	spiders, moths, bees etc.

Question 17.
Analyse the information given in the table and answer the following questions.

Under Ground (I)	Surface of the Ground (II)	In/ on water (III)	Other places (IV)
snake	snake	snake	snake
rat	cat	lotus	ants
ant	insects	mussel	bird
earthworm	camel	fish	lizards

Question 1.
Fill the boxes with organisms in I, II, III, IV columns.
Answer:
Earth worm – insects — ants – lizards

Question 2.
In which habitat bat is included ?
Answer:
Other place

Question 3.
What are the habitats which are said to be other places ?
Answer:
House, caves etc.

Question 4.
Name the organism which lives in multiple habitat along with snake.
Answer:
Insect, snake, ants.

Question 18.
Observe the given table.

In soil	On soil	In water	Other areas
Snake	Snake	Snake	Snake
Earthworm	Cat	Octopus	Sparrow
Rabbit	Dog	Fish	Monkey
Bandycoot	Tortoise	Tortoise	Polar bear

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What are the habitats of snake ?
Answer:
In the soil, on the soil, in the water and other areas.

Question 2.
Mention/write other two habitats which are not shown in the table.
Answer:
Forest, garden, house, tree etc.

Question 3.
In the above table, what will be the other habitats/areas, mentioned ?
Answer:
Caves, old houses, polar regions etc.

Question 4.
Like tortoise, mention other two animals which live in two different habitats.
Answer:
Dog, snake.

Details	Pond surface	Mid-water	Bottom water of pond
Characteristics	1) Few organisms will live on sur-face of water	1) Motile organisms are present, can swim.	1) Light is minimum in this zone.
	2) Food, availabi-lity of air.	2) In this zone the fishes lay eggs.	2) Food is in the form of dead and decaying matter.
	3) Little protection	3) Pond margins have several plants & grasses.
Examples	Snail, whirling beetle, dragonfly, pond skater, lotus, pistia.	Leech, mosquito larva, fish, crab, frog, grasses.	Hydrilla, Mussels, Flatworm and maggots.

Write the answers based on the information from the above table.

Question 1.
Name the motile organisms in the pond.
Answer:
Leech, mosquito larva, fish, crab, frog, etc.

Question 2.
Which zone contains high amount of food in the pond ?
Answer:
Pond surface.

Question 3.
List out the plant species which grow in pond ecosystem habitat.
Answer:
Lotus, Pistia, Grass, Hydrilla etc.

Question 4.
Inner / bottom zone of pond consists less species of plants and animals. Why ?
Answer:
Light is minimum in the bottom of pond.

Question 20.
Observe the following table about the living organisms in a pond and answer to the questions given below.

Living Organisms/Others	Pond surface	Mid-water	Bottom of the pond	Pond margins.
Plants	Pistia, Echornia		Vallisneria	Grasses
Animals	Mayfly, dragonfly and mosquito larvae	Whirling beetle, pond skaters, mosquito larvae	Some kinds of fish, dead bodies and water decomposers.	Snails, Crabs
Others	–	–	Decomposers

Questions:

Question 1.
Which plants can be seen on the pond surface ?
Answer:
Pistia, Echornia.:

Question 2.
Which animals can be seen in the mid-water ?
Answer:
Whirling beetle, pond skaters, mosquito larvae.

Question 3.
Where can the decomposers be seen in the pond ?
Answer:
Bottom of the pond.

Question 4.
Where can snails and crabs be seen in the pond ?
Answer:
Pond margins.

Question 21.
Read the following para and answer the questions.

We have seen that different organisms live in our surroundings. In these some live on land, in land, in water and on water. Some times most of them live in the same place. Living organisms have different needs.They usually stay in the places where most of their needs are met, that is, they get sufficient food, shelter and other conditions necessary for life. All organisms depend on their surroundings for their needs like food, water, air and shelter.The surrounding which meets the needs of a particular organism in the best manner is the habitat of that organism. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What is meant by habitat ?
Answer:
A place for organisms to give maximum needs of life.

Question 2.
On which components of their surroundings the organisms depend ?
Answer:
Food, water, air and favourable weather.

Question 3.
Give an example of an organism which lives on both land and in water.
Answer:
Frog.

Question 4.
Why do all the living organisms live in different places ?
Answer:
Living habits, availability of food and body conditions make organisms live in different places.

V. Communication through Drawing and Model Making :

Question 22.
Draw the diagram of pond habitat and label the different regions of the habitat.

Question 23.
Draw any three plants and three animals of the pond habitat.
Answer:

Question 24.
Draw any three organism belonging to the above the pond surface.
Answer:

Question 25.
Draw a sketch or a pond and the possible animals and plants that would live in the different places of this pond.
Answer:

Answer:
Different organisms at different regions :

(a) Above the pond surface: Dragonfly, mayfly and kingfisher live above the surface of the pond.
(b) Pond surface : Organisms like snail, whirling beetle and pond skater live on the surface. Mayfly and dragonfly also live on the surface of pond.
(c) Mid water : Great water boatman, leech and mosquito larva are found in midwater. Fish and crabs also swim around thh ‘vgion.
(d) Pond margins : Several grasses, frogs, cranes, etc., are seen in this region. Fishes usually lay eggs here.
(e) Bottom of the pond : This region has plants lil rilla and animals like mussels, flatworms and some maggots.

Question 26.
Identify the following plant and write its nam

Answer:
The given plant is Hydrilla. It is a water plant.

Question 27.
All the organisms have right to live in this environment. How do you support this statement ?
Answer:

1. A good unharmed habitat leads to a better life for us.
2. If we harm any organism in the same way we will be harmed directly or indirectly as well.
3. Interdependency of different organisms leads existence of every creature on the earth.
4. If we allow other organisms to live we will be allowed to live safely.
5. Therefore every organism has right to live.

Question 28.
Rani saw a garden and said, “It is a beautiful habitat”. Why did she say so ?
Answer:

1. We enjoy the sight of a brightly coloured flowers or a passing butterfly and birds in the garden.
2. This natural phenomenon make us feel an aesthetic sense.
3. Garden makes us having a true friendship with the nature.
4. The beauty of nature partly lies in the garden.
5. Not only a beautiful habitat but also a habitat for several organisms.

Question 29.
“We cannot live without plants.” Support your answer.
Answer:

1. Plants are the prime useful sources for man. Man obtain oxygen for breath-ing.
2. We get varieties of fruits, seeds, leaves, roots from plants.
3. Plants clean the environment by taking carbondioxide that is released by us.
4. Plants help us to have sufficient rains and give us cool climate.
5. Therefore we cannot live without plants.

Question 30.
Bhashini doesn’t want to disturb squirrels that eat fruits on the guava tree at her house. Why does she do so ?
Answer:

1. We should give a chance to every creature to live in its habitat.
2. We should remember that there is an interdependence of organisms.
3. If we have a good unharmed habitat of any animal of it will lead a better life for us.
4. Guava tree is a habitat for squirrels to obtain food material.
5. Therefore Bhashini doesn’t want to disturb squirrels on guava tree since it is a good habitat for squirrels.

Regular practice with TS 6th Class Science Bits with Answers 4th Lesson What Do Animals Eat? improves students’ confidence and readiness for assessments and examinations.

TS 6th Class Science Bits 4th Lesson What Do Animals Eat?

Question 1.
The animals which eat the flesh of other animals
A) Herbivores
B) Carnivores
C) Omnivores
D) None
Answer:
B) Carnivores

Question 2.
Example for Omnivores
A) cow
B) lion
C) man
D) deer
Answer:
C) man

Question 3.
Read the names of the following animals
1. Cow
2. Dog
3. Man
4. Tiger
Which are omnivores from the above?
A) 1, 2
B) 1, 3, 4
C) 3, 4
D) 2, 3
Answer:
D) 2, 3

Question 4.
The animals which eat only plants are …
A) Herbivores
B) Carnivores
C) Omnivores
D) All
Answer:
A) Herbivores

Question 5.
According to their food habits animals are divided into … types.
A) 1
B) 3
C) 4
D) 2
Answer:
B) 3

Question 6.
The insect which feeds on other insects is
A) Cockroach
B) Pond skater
C) Butterfly
D) Bug
Answer:
B) Pond skater

Question 7.
Match the following basing on food capturing organs.
List-I — List-Il
I Hen — a) Tongue
2. Camel — b) Beak
3. Frog — c) Mouth
A) 1-a, 2-b, 3-c
B) 1-b, 2-c, 3-a
C) 1-a, 2-c, 3-h
D) 1-c, 2-b, 3-a
Answer:
B) 1-b, 2-c, 3-a

Question 8.
Which part of the body in frog is mainly useful for food capturing/ingestion?
A) Legs
B) Mouth
C) Cloaca
D) Tongue
Answer:
D) Tongue

Question 9.
Which of the following animals uses its tongue to capture food?
A) Frog
B) Lizard
C) Garden Lizard
D) All the above
Answer:
D) All the above

Question 10.
a) Mostanimals are motile
b) Sponges are sedentary
A) ‘a’ and ‘b’ are true
B) ‘a’ is true ‘b’ is false
C) ‘a’ is fake ‘b’ is true
D) a and h are false
Answer:
A) ‘a’ and ‘b’ are true

Question 11.
Vultures are good example for ……………
A) predators
B) herbivores
C) natural scavamer
D) omnivores
Answer:
C) natural scavamer

Question 12.
The feeding habit of a cow is called ……….
A) crushing
B) churning
C) sucking
D) rumination
Answer:
D) rumination

Question 13.
Most of the animals that eat other animals have teeth.
A) long
B) short
C) sharp
D) small
Answer:
C) sharp

Question 14.
Which animal is not a ruminant?
A) Cow
B) Tiger
C) Buffalo
D) Camel
Answer:
B) Tiger

Question 15.
Which part of the body is helpful for crane to pick up the food?
A) Long beak
B) Claws
C) Legs
D) Wings
Answer:
A) Long beak

Question 16.
Identify the ruminate animal.
A) Camel
B) Pig
C) Monkey
D) Dog
Answer:
A) Camel

Question 17.
Ducks use the teeth for the food.
A) churning
B) masticating
C) filtering
D) All
Answer:
C) filtering

Question 18.
Leeches get their food by the process of
A) sucking
B) absorbing
C) eating
D) masticating
Answer:
A) sucking

Question 19.
The animals which search for their food during nights are called
A) diurnals
B) tetrahedrals
C) miurnals
D) nocturnals
Answer:
D) nocturnals

Question 20.
In butterfly is used to suck honey from flowers.
A) tube like mouth
B) needle like tongue
C) teeth of mouth
D) legs of body
Answer:
A) tube like mouth

Question 21.
Example of nocturnals
A) man
B) parrot
C) bats
D) sparrow
Answer:
C) bats

Question 22.
Natural scavengers
A) Crane
B) Honey bird
C) Wood pecker
D) Crow
Answer:
D) Crow

Question 23.
Suckers are present in
A) snail
B) earthworm
C) housefly
D) leech
Answer:
D) leech

Question 24.
The leopard is a member of family.
A) crane
B) cat
C) lizard
D) rat
Answer:
B) cat

Question 25.
The nocturnal animal you see in your locality
A) Crow
B) Cow
C) Owl
D) Sheep
Answer:
C) Owl

Question 26.
Match the following.
1. Camel — a) Nocturnal
2. Lion — b) Herbivore
3. Bat — c) Carnivore
A) 1-c, 2-b, 3-a
B) 1-a, 2-b, 3-c
C) 1-b, 2-c, 3-a
D) 1-c, 2-a, 3-b
Answer:
C) 1-b, 2-c, 3-a

Question 27.
Frog uses these parts to collect the food materials
A) Legs
B) Hands
C) Tongue
D) Nose
Answer:
C) Tongue

Question 28.
What are the specific organs present in leech to suck the blood?
A) Suckers
B) Tongue
C) Glands
D) Teeth
Answer:
A) Suckers

Question 29.
Which animal search for food at night?
A) Snake
B) Tiger
C) Crane
D) Owl
Answer:
D) Owl

Question 30.
Identify the wrong sentence.
A) Mode of food taking in leech is sucking
B) Deer is a carnivore
C) Man belongs to omnivore
D) Omnivores eat both plants and animals
Answer:
B) Deer is a carnivore

Question 31.
Food chain is the connection between animals on the basis of
A) living place
B) water facility
C) food habits
D) air availability
Answer:
C) food habits

Question 32.
The relation between animals in the food chain is based on
A) Living place
B) Water facility
C) Food habits
D) Availability of air
Answer:
C) Food habits

Question 33.
Complete the following food chain.

A) man
B) deer
C) hen
D) snake
Answer:
B) deer

Question 34.
Read the following sentences.
1. Eggs and larvae are eaten by fish and frog.
2. Camel is a ruminant animal.
A) Both 1 & 2 sentences are correct
B) 1 is wrong 2 is correct
C) 1 is correct 2 is wrong
D) Both 1 & 2 sentences are wrong
Answer:
A) Both 1 & 2 sentences are correct

Question 35.

Body part used for collecting food	Example
Sucker Strong legs with claws	Leech ?

A) Goat
B) Crow
C) Vulture
D) Cow
Answer:
C) Vulture

Question 36.
Birds are
A) mammals
B) annelids
C) arthropods
D) vertebrates
Answer:
D) vertebrates

Question 37.
An example for carnivorous animal
A) Cow
B) Elephant
C) Buffalo
D) Fox
Answer:
D) Fox

Question 38.
Sense organs used by bats in finding food:
A) Eyes
B) Ears
C) Nose
D) Skin
Answer:
B) Ears

Question 39.
Identify the animal which search their food during night
A) Tiger
B) Dog
C) Cockroach
D) Cow
Answer:
C) Cockroach

Question 40.
The main man made mistake that show Impacts on food chains
A) Using fertilizers sufficiently
B) Using inseticides and pesticides in large quantities
C) Using bio-fertilizers in large quantities.
D) B or C
Answer:
B) Using inseticides and pesticides in large quantities

Question 41.
Several food chains connecting to each other in the form of
A) Food web
B) Habitat
C) Food net
D) Environment
Answer:
A) Food web

Question 42.
Why do we say that ants are good farmers?
A) They bring manure to the crop field.
B) Ants manufacture compost
C) They help in growing a type of fungus which they eat
D) All the ants die to make the soil fertile
Answer:
C) They help in growing a type of fungus which they eat

Question 43.
Which one of the following collects food by virtue of vision
A) Eagle
B) Dog
C) Cat
D) Bat
Answer:
A) Eagle

Question 44.
Goat: herbivore : Lion :
A) omnivore
B) carnivore
C) herbivore
D) suctivore
Answer:
B) carnivore

Question 45.
Find out the odd one
A) sheep
B) cow
C) bullock
D) dog
Answer:
D) dog

Question 46.
lf sharp teeth are absent in dog
A) it can’t take grass
B) it can’t eat juicy food
C) it can’t eat meat
D) all the above
Answer:
C) it can’t eat meat

Question 47.
Find the correct pair regarding food collection
A) Frog – Teeth
B) Leech-Suckers
C) Earthworm – Tongue
D) Snake – Tail
Answer:
B) Leech-Suckers

Question 48.
Grass → Insects (crickets) → Frog → Snake
What will happen to the food chain if all frogs die? :
A) Insects population increase
B) Snakes suffer from lack of food
C) Grass plants grow more
D) A & B
Answer:
D) A & B

Question 49.
There is a great balance in nature among plants and animals regarding food habits.
What will happen if all animals ate plants?
A) Animals suffer from lack of breathing air
B) Plants will disappear from earth. Then animals will struggle for food
C) Earth will become hot
D) All the above
Answer:
D) All the above

Question 50.
Giraffe: Herbivore:: Crane: … …….
A) Carnivore
B) Plant eating
C) Omnivore
D) Herbivore
Answer:
A) Carnivore

Question 51.
The parts of hen used for picking up food
A) claws
B) beak
C) mouth
D) A and B
Answer:
B) beak

Question 52.
Example of omnivore that we see daily in our surroundings
A) Hen
B) Crow
C) Sheep
D) A and B
Answer:
D) A and B

Question 53.
What is the major difference between dog and rat in case of eating the food material?
A) Dog uses canine to tear the food and rat uses front teeth (incisors) to eat the food.
B) Dog depends on incisors to eat the food and rat uses incisors to eat
C) Both dog and rat do not use teeth
D) Dog uses big teeth. Rat uses canine teeth.
Answer:
A) Dog uses canine to tear the food and rat uses front teeth (incisors) to eat the food.

Question 54.
Which is a carnivore among butterfly, garden lizard, grass hopper in your school garden that you observed.
A) Garden lizard
B) Butterfly
C) Grasshopper
D) Lion
Answer:
A) Garden lizard

Question 55.
Arrange the following animals based on their food habits.
A) Cow, Goat – Omnivore
Fox, Eagle, Tiger – Herbivore.
Fish, Man – Carnivore

B) Eagle, Tiger – Herbivore
Cow Goat – Carnivore
Fox, Eagle, Tiger – Herbivore.

C) Fish, Man – Omnivore
Cow, Goat – Herbivore.
Fox, Eagle, Tiger – Carnivore

D) Fish, Man – Omnivore
Cow, Goat – Carnivore
Fox, Eagle, Tiger – Herbivore.
Answer:
C) Fish, Man – Omnivore
Cow, Goat – Herbivore.
Fox, Eagle, Tiger – Carnivore

Question 56.
Read the following table and give suitable answer for below question.

Animal	Organ which helps in food collection
1. Hen / cock	Beak
2. Man	Hands

Hen collects its food through
A) Tongue
B) Wings
C) Beak
D) Eyes
Answer:
C) Beak

Question 57.
Read the following paragraph and answer the question.
Vultures use sharp claws along with strong hooked beak to tear the flesh. While humming bird that sucks nectar need a long thin beak. What are the parts of vulture help in capturing food ?
A) claws
B) hooked beak
C) wings
D) A and B
Answer:
D) A and B

Question 58.
Read the para and answer the given question.
Ducks and fish have teeth. They act as filters to get food from water. Teeth these animals are not useful for grinding. The use of teeth in duck and fish.
A) for filtering
B) for grinding
C) for sucking
D) for swallowing
Answer:
A) for filtering

Question 59.

Food group	Example
Only plants Only animals Both	Cow, Goat Fox, Tiger Man, Duck

What we call the animals if they eat only animals ?
A) Carnivores
B) Omnivores
C) Herbivores
D) Detrivores
Answer:
A) Carnivores

Question 60.

Body part used to collect food	Examples
Beak	Hen
Tongue	Frog
Teeth	Dog

Name some other animal that uses tongue to eat food
A) Tiger
B) Lion
C) Duck
D) A & B
Answer:
C) Duck

Question 61.
Find out the following diagram.

A) Mosquito
B) Dragonfly
C) Pond skater
D) Grass hopper
Answer:
C) Pond skater

Question 62.
In the given diagram, body part used in taking food….

A) Teeth
B) Beak
C) Tongue
D) Mouth
Answer:
D) Mouth

Question 63.
The given flow chart shows
Grass → Rabbit → Wolf
A) Food web
B) Food chain
C) Pyramid
D) Pyramid number
Answer:
B) Food chain

Question 64.
Find out the missing one in the given flow chart
Grass → Deer → ?
A) Rat
B) Rabbit
C) Cockroach
D) Lion
Answer:
D) Lion

Question 65.
Choose possible food chain based on the given figure.

A) Smaller plants → Frog → Fish → Crane
B) Smaller grass → Fish → Frog →Crane
C) Frog → Fish → Crane → Smaller grass
D) Smaller seeds → Frog → Fish → Crane
Answer:
B) Smaller grass → Fish → Frog →Crane

Question 66.
Carrot plant → Rabbit → Tiger
Producer in the above food chain
A) Carrot plant
B) Rabbit
C) Tiger
D) Carrot plant and Rabbit
Answer:
A) Carrot plant

Question 67.
The following flow chart indicates
Grass → Insects → Frog → Snake
A) Food web
B) Pyramid
C) Food chain
D) Above all
Answer:
C) Food chain

Question 68.
Grains → Rat →  Cat → ……….. Lion
A) Deer
B) Fox
C) Rabbit
D) Man
Answer:
B) Fox

Question 69.
Complete the following food chain
Grass → …………… → Tiger
A) Man
B) Deer
C) Hen
D) Snake
Answer:
B) Deer

Question 70.
After knowing about food chain, student can
A) kill snakes
B) cut plants
C) grow plants
D) rear frogs
Answer:
C) grow plants

Question 71.
What we learn from ants?
A) An ideal social life
B) Enmity among ants
C) They are dangerous animals
D) None of these
Answer:
A) An ideal social life

Question 72.
What can we find a valuable theme (idea) from food chains?
A) Animals struggle to live
B) An animal depends on itself for food
C) Interdependence of diverse organisms
D) Animals eat their own races
Answer:
C) Interdependence of diverse organisms

Question 73.
Just we keep cows for milk, ants keep a type of insect called aphids for
A) leaf juice
B) honey dew
C) honey bees
D) stem water
Answer:
B) honey dew

Question 74.
We should allow crows and vultures to live on the earth. Because they help us as
A) Predators
B) Natural omnivores
C) Natural destroyers
D) Natural scavengers
Answer:
D) Natural scavengers

These TS 6th Class Science Important Questions 5th Lesson Materials and Things serves as a valuable tool for students to prioritize their studying and revision efforts.

TS 6th Class Science Important Questions 5th Lesson Materials and Things

Question 1.
List out some of the objects from your house which would break and would not broke?
Answer:
Objects that would break : Cup, glass, earthern pots, mirror, plastic chair etc.,
Objects that would not break : Stainless steel glass, steel, plate, iron chair,door, cylinder, cooking vessel etc.

Question 2.
Based on light penetration through the material how many types of materials are there? Give examples for each type that are used in our daily life. (Or) Give examples for
(a) Transparent
(b) Opaque
(c) Translucent
Answer:
(a) Transparent: The material through which we can easily see the objects are said to be transparent.
Eg : Glass, water, polythene paper.

(b) Opaque: The material through which we cannot see the objects are said to be opaque.
Eg: Wood, steel, card board.

(c) Translucent: The material through which we can see the objects but not very clearly are said to be translucent.
Eg : Oil paper, tracing paper.

Question 3.
What are soluble and Insoluble substances? Give examples.
Answer:
(a) Soluble substances : Certain materials dissolve when mixed with water.
These are said to be soluble substances. Eg: Sugar, salt etc.

(b) Insoluble substances : The materials that do not dissolve in water are said to be insoluble substances. Eg: Coconut oil, kerosene etc.

Question 4.
Give four examples each for the substances which sink and float on water.
Answer:
Substances that sink in water : Stone, iron, nail
Substances that float on water : Wood, plastic etc.

Question 5.
Mention any two materials which can dissolve in water.
Answer:
Salt, sugar, chalk powder etc.

Question 6.
Explain solid, liquid and gaseous states with examples.
Answer:

• Solids : Those materials which do not change shape are called solids. Eg: Wood, rock, brick etc.
• Liquids : The materials which change shape are called liquids. Eg : Water, oil, kerosene etc.
• Gases: The materials which change shape and volume are called gases. Eg: Air

Question 7.
List out the following things as transparent, opaque and translucent materials.
(wood, oily paper, glass, steel mirror, plastic)
Answer:

Transparent	Opaque	Translucent
Glass	Wood Steel mirror Plastic	Oily paper

Question 8.
(Water, gold, kerosene, diamond, petrol, alcohol, wood, iron)
Classify the above substances basing on the state of matter.
Answer:
Solids : Gold, diamond, wood, iron
Liquids : Water, kerosene, petrol, alcohol

Question 9.
Write the difference between transparent substances and opaque substances. Give suitable examples for both.
Answer:

Transparent substance	Opaque substance
The substance through which we can see is transparent substance. Eg: Glass, polythene cover etc.	The substance through which we cannot see is opaque substance. Eg: Stone, book, wall

Question 10.
Classify the following objects into transparent and opaque.
Glass, plate, book, iron scale, car mirror, steel plate, spectacles, wooden piece.
Answer:
Transparent substances : Glass, spectacles.
Opaque substances: Plate, book, iron scale, car mirror, steel plate, wooden piece.

Question 11.
What are the things made by wood in your home ? Mention their usage.
Answer:
Things made up of wood:

• Chair, door, windows, table etc.
• Chairs are used for sitting.
• Table is used for keeping books and things, windows and doors are used for ventilation and protecting houses.

Question 12.
Can you make a cricket ball with mud or glass?
Answer:
We cannot make a cricket ball with mud or glass because cricket ball is made up of hard and strong material that withstand hard hitting shots. Mud loses soil particles. It can become much hard even though it is dried. Glass easily breaks.

Question 13.
Why do some substances float on the water and some sink in the water? Give example.
Answer:
Substances which have lesser densities compared to the density of water float on water.
Eg: Wood, cork, plastic etc.
Substances which are more denser than water sink in water.
Eg: iron, stone etc.

Question 14.
Deepika made the tomato sink in water, which actually floats on the surface. Imagine how it became possible to her.
Answer:
Deepika made the tomato more denser than its original density. She might have attached another object to tomato to increase its weight and density. Therefore tomato sinks in the water.

Question 15.
List out some Important things from your home. Ask your parents or friends from which material each object may possibly be made of and tabulate them.
Answer:
Aim of the project : To list out the things from my home and the materials with which they are made of.

S.No.	Object	Material
1.	Door	Wood, metal, rubber, paint
2.	Towel	Cotton thread
3.	Bicycle	Iron (metal), plastic fibres, paint
4.	Knife	Steel (metal), wooden handle
5.	Mirror	Glass, plastic frame, paint
6.	Shoes	Leather or synthetic material
7.	Water bottle	Plastic fibre, colour paints
8.	Pot	Clay

Question 16.
Name as many things/objects as you can make using the materials given below and tabulate them.
1. Metal
2. Plastic
3. Glass
4. Wood
5. Cotton
6. Leather
7. Ceramic
8. Rock
Answer:

S.No.	Material	Things / Objects
1.	Metal	Utensils, tools, cupboards, chairs etc.
2.	Plastic	Bags, jars, chairs, boxes, dolls etc.
3.	Glass	Mirrors, windows, spectacles, kitchen items etc.
4.	Wood	Table, chair, windows, door, cots etc.
5.	Cotton	Cloth, ropes, screens etc.
6.	Leather	Shoes, hand bags, coats, purse etc.
7.	Ceramic	Cup, plates, saucers, jars, pots etc.
8.	Rock	Idols, grinders, rollers, replicas etc.

Question 17.
Prepare a list of objects around you and find which of them are transparent and which are opaque. Write them in table.
Answer:
I listed out the following objects from our surroundings. They are :

• Glass jar
• Steel glass
• Water with glass bottle
• Exam pad
• Wood
• Note book
• Polythene cover.

Question 18.
Ask your friends about the names of some objects. List out them.
Classify them into solids, liquids and gases. Make the table.
Answer:
Collected objects : Stone, milk, smoke, water, oil, chalk piece, pen box, cool drink, seeds, kerosene, air in the balloon, book, lemon juice, cv linier gas. white fumes of candle.

S.No.	Objects	Transparent or Opaque
1.	Glass jar	Transparent
2.	Steel glass	Opaque
3.	Water with glass bottle	Transparent
4.	Exam pad	Opaque
5.	Wood	Opaque
6.	Note book	Opaque
7.	Polythene cover	Transparent

Question 18.
Ask your friends about the names of some objects. List out them. Classify them into solids, liquids and gases. Make the table.
Answer:
Collected objects : Stone, milk, smoke, water, oil, chalk piece, pen box, cool drink, seeds, kerosene, air in the balloon, book, lemon juice, cylinder gas, white fumes of candle.

S.No.	Solids	Liquids	Gases
1.	Stone	Milk	Smoke
2.	Check piece	Water	Air in the balloon
3.	Pen	Oil	Cylinder gas
4.	Box	Cool drink	Fumes of candle
5.	Seeds	Kerosene
6.	Book	Lemon juice

Question 19.
Read the following items. Predict which of them sink or float in water.
Then try to test whether your predictions are correct or wrong by dropping them in a beaker of water. Find and record your observation.
1. tomato
2. brinjal
3. potato
4. iron nail
5. sponge
6. wood
7. stone
8. leaf
9. chalk piece
10. paper.
Answer:
Aim :- To test the given items whether they float or sink in the water.
Procedure :-

Prediction	Object
Sinks Floats	Iron nail, wood, stone, chalk piece Tomato, brinjal, potato, sponge, leaf, paper.

S.no	Object	Prediction	Finding
1.	Tomato	Floats	Floats on the water surface
2.	Brinjal	Floats	Floats
3.	Potato	Floats	Sinks in the water
4.	Iron nail	Sinks	Sinks in the water
5.	Sponge	Floats	At first it floats, after absorbing water it sinks
6.	Wood	Sinks	Floats on the water
7.	Stone	Sinks	Sinks in the water
8.	Leaf	Floats	Floats on the water
9.	Chalk piece	Sinks	Sinks in the water
10.	Paper	Floats	Floats

Question 20.
Observe the solubility of the following substances.
Do the experiment. Tabulate the results.
(a) sugar
(b) salt
(c) sand
(d) saw dust.
Answer:
Aim – To observe the solubility of the given substances.
Requirements – Four glasses full of water, sugar, salt, sand, sawdust.

Procedure –

• I brought four small glasses and placed them on the table. They are filled with fresh water.
• Then I took small quantities of sugar, salt, sand and saw dust. They are added to the four glasses respectively.
• They are kept on the table undisturbed for half an hour.

Observation – is observed that all the materials in four glasses are not completely soluble in water. The observations are given below.

S.No.	Material added	Dissolves (Yes/No)
1.	Sugar	Yes
2.	Salt	Yes
3.	Sand	No
4.	Saw dust	No

Question 21.
Write down what do you observe in the activity on ‘soluble or insoluble in water’ using the following objects in your school laboratory?
Answer:

a. Sugar added to water	Soluble
b. Sand added to water	Insoluble
c. Saw dust added to water	Insoluble
d. Chalk powder added to water	Soluble
e. Kerosene added to water	Insoluble
f. Lemon juice added to water	Soluble
g. Salt added to water	Soluble
h. Oil added to water	Insoluble

Question 22.
Sugar, salt, saw dust, sand, sponge, iron nail etc.
In the above list we observe that certain materials are soluble or insoubIe, float or sink in water.
Now answer the following questions

(i) Which materials are insoluble?
Answer:
Saw dust, sponge, iron nail

(ii) Which materials are soluble in water?
Answer:
Sugar, salt

(iii) What happens when sponge and saw dust are kept in water?
Answer:
Sponge and saw dust absorbs and water slowly sink.

(iv) Give examples to materials which sink in water.
Answer:
Stone, iron nail

Question 23.
Describe the experiment that you conducted for knowing semi transparency.
Answer:

• A sheet of white paper is taken.
• A trial is made to see a lighted bulb through it. But nothing is seen.
• Then a few drops of oil is poured on that sheet.
• Once again the trial is made to see the lighted bulb through oil applied paper.
• Bulb is seen through the oil paper, but not very clearly.
• These substances are called translucent substances.

Question 24.
Write your observations you made by doing the following activities.

• Mix chalk powder in water.
• Place a piece of candle in water.
• Add some oil drops to a beaker or water.
• Drop an egg in a beaker of salt water.

Answer:
It is observed that all the materials are not completely soluble.

Question 25.
Observe your surroundings. Classify the solids, liquids and gases. Write in a tabular form.
Answer:

S.No.	Objects	Transparent or Opaque
1.	Glass jar	Transparent
2.	Steel glass	Opaque
3.	Water with glass bottle	Transparent
4.	Exam pad	Opaque
5.	Wood	Opaque
6.	Note book	Opaque
7.	Polythene cover	Transparent

Question 26.
Observe the table and write answers to given below questions.
Answer:

Object	Materials required for preparation
Door Cycle Knife Mirror	Wood, Paint, Metal, Rubber Iron, Rubber, Paint Iron, Wood Wood, Glass, Metal, Paint

Now answer the following questions.

(i) What objects require paint?
Answer:
Door, cycle, mirror

(ii) Mention two objects which are made by same material.
Answer:
Door, mirror, knife etc.

(iii) Choose any one object mentioned in the given table and write necessary materials used for them.
Answer:
Cycle requires iron, rubber and plastic.

(iv) In the given table wherever we mentioned the name metal, write what type of metal it is.
Answer:
Aluminium or non rusting materials.

Question 27.
Answer the following questions.

S. No.	Item	Sinks in water	Floats in water
1.	Plastic toy	–	✓
2.	Iron nail	–	–
3.	Wood	–	–
4.	Stone	✓	–

(i) Why do plastic toy and wood float on water?
Answer:
The density of toy and wood are less than that of water. That is why they float on water.

(ii) Some items float on water even though they have weight. How is it possible?
Answer:
Even though the objects are heavy weight, the depth of water body and density of water make the objects float on water surface.

Question 28.

S.No	Objects	Transparent/opaque
1	Glass jar	Transparent
2	Wooden door	Opaque
3	Steel plate	Opaque
4	Polyethene bag	Transparent

Read the above table and answer the following questions.

(i) What type of object is glass jar?
Answer: Transparent substance

(ii) Is polyethene cover not transparent? What is transparency?
Answer:
Polythene cover is a transparent substance. The ability of a substance through which we can see objects is called transparency.

(iii) Give example to opaque object.
Answer:
Steel plate, rod, rock, book etc.

(iv) Give example to translucent object.
Answer:
Oil paper, window glass etc.

Question 29.
Observe the following table and answer the questions.

Sl.No.	Materials	Things
1.	Plastic	Bags, Chairs
2.	Metal	Utensils and Bowls
3.	Wood	Door, Table
4.	Glass	Mirror, Glasses
5.	Skin	Shoe and Purse

(i) Which substances are used to prepare utensils and bowls?
Answer:
Metal

(ii) What are the things that are prepared by plastic?
Answer: Bags, chairs

(iii) Which substances are used in manufacturing mirror?
Answer: Glass

(iv) What are the things made of wood?
Answer: Door, table etc.

Question 30.
Analyse the following information and answer the questions.

S.No	Objects	Material
1	Towel	Cotton, dye
2	Door	Wood, metal, rubber, paint
3	Bicycle	Steel, rubber, iron
4	Water bottle	Plastic or glass
5	Pot	Clay

(i) Which objects are made of one material?
Answer:
Pot

(ii) What materials are used for making bicycle?
Answer:
Steel, rubber, iron etc

(iii) Which objects are made of meire than one material?
Answer:
Door, bicycle, towel

(iv) Identify the natural materials in the given table.
Answer:
Clay, Cotton, dye

Question 31.
Study the table given and answer the questions.

S.No	Objects	Material
1.	Window	Wood, Metal
2.	Sofa	Wood, Foam, Rexin
3.	Pot	Clay
4.	Chair	Wood, Metal
5.	Water bottle	Plastic
6.	Knife	Metal, Plastic
7.	Cricket bat	Wood, Rubber
8.	Shoes	Leather

(i) Which object is made from foam and rexin ?
Answer:
Sofa

(ii) Name the objects where wood is used.
Answer:
Window, chair, cricket bat

(iii) Which material is used for cricket bat ?
Answer:
Wood, rubber

(iv) Mention the objects prepared using leather.
Answer:
Shoes

Question 32.

According to the above diagram it is concluded that the candle caught the fire even keeping the match stick away from it. But the match stick is placed above the extinguished candle. Give your reason. Explain.
Answer:

• There is a white smoke column rising from the wick of the candle as soon as we extinguish the flame.
• If we bring the burning match stick close to that smoke the wick burns.
• Because the smoke is nothing but the vaporous form of the candle material.
• It enables the wick to burn. The white fumes coming from the wick, help in burning the wick immediately.

Question 33.
Plastic bags are dangerous for life. Write consequences that occur due to over usage of plastic.
Answer:

• Plastic pollution affects animals and man.
• When plastic bags are burnt they release toxic gases into the air.
• Once plastic bags become bitter they find their way into water bodies, fertile soil, parks, fields etc.
• The decomposition or degradation of plastic takes about 400 years.
• Thus everyone should think to minimise using plastic bags.

These TS 6th Class Science Important Questions 4th Lesson What Do Animals Eat? serves as a valuable tool for students to prioritize their studying and revision efforts.

TS 6th Class Science Important Questions 4th Lesson What Do Animals Eat?

Question 1.
Define the following. Give examples.
(a) Herbivores
(b) Carnivores
(c) Omnivores
(Or)
How many types of animals are there on asis of their food habit?
(Or)
Write down the modes of getting food mais.
Answer:
(a) Herbivores: Animals that depend oni’ on plants for food are called herbivores.
Eg: Sheep, cow, goat

(b) Carnivores: Animals that depend on other animals for food are called
Carnivores. Eg: Lion, tiger, dog.

(c) Omnivores: AnimaIs that take food from plants and animals are called
omnivores. Eg: Man, bear.

Question 2.
Write a few lines about skaters. How do they capture the food?
Answer:

• Pond skaters are the insects which feeds on other insects.
• We can find pond skaters near a pond.
• They move quickly from one side of the pond to another to catch an insect that falls in water.
• They detect ripples produced in water by any other insect trapped on the outer surface.
• They compare the ripples on the opposite side of the pond, caused by legs of the insect struggling to move out, calculate the distance and sets out to grab it.

Question 3.
Can we call the crows as natural scavengers? (Or)
How do the crows help us cleaning the environment?
Answer:
Crows that live in our surroundings usually eat waste and rotten food material dead animal etc. They keep our surroundings clean in this manner. So they are called natural scavengers.

Question 4.
Write a few lines about rumination of herbivores. (Or)
How does the cow collect its food ? Write the process of digestion in it.
Answer:
Animals like cows, chew food very fast and swallow and store it in a part of their stomach. After sometime they take food material back from the stomach to the mouth and chew it again. This process is called “rumination”.

Question 5.
Do you know about nocturnals ? Write about them.
Answer:
Some animals search for their food only at night. Cockroaches, desert lizards, rats, owls, bats, moths, crickets etc., get their food at night only. During day time they hide in dark places. These type of animals are called “nocturnals”.

Question 6.
What are the ways by which animals take their food in?
Answer:
Sucking, licking, pecking, chewing, peeling, swallowing are all the ways by which animals take their food in.

Question 7.
Prepare a food chain by using the following animals. (Lion, Grass, Deer)
Answer:
Grass → Deer → Lion

Question 8.
Write the differences between Herbivores – Carnivores
Answer:

Herbivores	Carnivores
1. Animals that eat only plant products are called herbivores.	1. Animals that eat other animals are called carnivores.
2. These live in the areas where plants are grown.	2. Generally they search for their prey in the favourable conditions.
3. These are ranging from small insects to big-sized animals like elephants.	3. These include animals such as dog, lion cat etc.
4. Teeth are modified for eating plant parts.	4. Sharp teeth and claws are present to hunt and eat the prey.

Question 9.
Describe one food chain with examples.
Answer:
Grass → Insects → Frog → Snake → Hawk

• Grass is a primary producer. It gets food naturally. They prepare their food on their own.
• Insects are primary consumers. They feed on plants.
• Frog feeds on insects. Frog is considered a secondary consumer.
• Snake eats frogs. Snake is a tertiary consumer in the food chain.
• Hawk is the top most consumer that eats snake.

Question 10.
Name some animals which use tongue for taking the food.
Answer:
Frog, lizard, garden lizard etc.

Question 11.
Make a food chain with these organisms.
Grass, Wolf, Goat.
Answer:
Grass → Goat → Wolf.

Question 12.
Write food habits of four animals and compare each other.
Answer:

Animal’s	Body part used to collect food	Type of food	Type of animals
name	Nose for smelling the food.	Grass or green leaves	Herbivore
Cow	Picks food with lower teeth, tongue and upper muscular jaw	Insects	Lower
Frog	Long sticky tongue. Finds food with sharp vision.	Meat, often rice and curd.	carnivore
Dog	Mouth, sharp canine teeth and tongue. Canine teeth are used tear the flesh.	Seeds, tubers and leaves.	Omnivore
Squirrel	Teeth – mouth	Type of food	Herbivore

Question 13.
Explain how woodpecker and parrot get their food.
Answer:
Woodpecker:

• The food of woodpecker consists of insects, nuts, seeds, ants etc.
• It has sharp, hard and long beak to collect food.
• Woodpeckers sometimes drill and make holes in the bark of tree trunks to collect the insects. These birds are generally called omnivores based on food habits.

Parrot:

• Parrots are also omnivorous. They eat both small insects/meat and fruits.
• They use their hooked beak to collect the food.

Question 14.
How do bats search food material in the night?
Answer:

• Bats are not blind. But at night their ears are more important than their eyes.
• As they fly they make ultrasonic sounds.
• The returning echoes give the bats information about the food.
• This system of finding prey is called echo location.

Question 15.
What is a food chain ? Write any three food chains present in your surroundings.
Answer:
Food chain: Group of organisms each dependent on the next as a source of food is called food cham.
Eg: Grass → grasshopper → garden lizard
Plants → goat → man
Insects → frog → snake

Question 16.
Can you imagine the wonder world of ants?
(Or)
What do you learn from ants?
Answer:

1. Ants do a lot of things. Their colony has large ant forces to do the work.
   There are mainly workers, soldiers, female and male ants.
2. The workers collect and maintain food stock for others in the colony along with several other duties.
3. Just as we keep cows for milk, ants keep a type of insect called aphids.
4. Ants are known for their discipline.

Question 17.
What happens if any organism disappears from food chain?
Answer:

1. If any organism disappears from the food chain, then the organisms in the next trophic level dependent on these organisms will die due to unavailability of food.
2. The population of organisms in the below trophic level will increase.

Question 18.
What will happen if leaches lack suckers?
Answer:
Leaches obtain their food by sucking. Naturally their food is blood of animals.
If suckers are absent leaches cannot get their food.

Question 19.
Rat → Cat → Dog
If cat is eliminated from the above food chain what consequences occur?
Answer:
If cat is eliminated from the given food chain the following consequences will occur.

1. Rat population will increase. As a result, crops are destroyed by rats. When crops are destroyed food production ultimately will decrease. Therefore people may suffer from food scarcity.
2. Elimination of cat will lead to struggle in the dog’s population. But dogs may go for another prey such as other animals meat. Some how they may struggle if they depend completely on cat for food.

Question 20.
You can see many animals in your surroundings. Discuss them with your friends. Make a list of what they usually eat and also write down what they usually do to find their food. Keep adding to this list as you observe animals around you everyday.
(Or)
Animals identify their food by sense, smell, sight, hearing, taste and touch. Give one example for each sense.
(Or)
Prepare a list of any 8 animaIs I birds which you have seen in your surroundings and their food habit.
Answer:

Animal/Bird	What they eat / drink	How they find food
Sparrow	Worms, grains, seeds etc	Looking
Dog	Meat, bread, bones etc.	Smelling, sniffing
Hen	Worms, grains	Looking, pecking
Cat	Milk, meat, curd	Sniffing, licking, eatinj
Cow	Grass	Looking, searching
Buffalo	Grass	Looking, searching
Butterfly	Flowers’ nectar	Searching, testing wit! mouth
Lizard	Small worms	Searching, seeing
Frog	Insects, worms	Searching, looking
Crow	Rice, meat pieces, egg	Looking, pecking

Question 21.
Think about any three animals and their food habits, tabulate information about food groups on which they feed.
Answer:
There are three food groups namely plants, animals and the third group both plants and animals. We can make the following table based on the food groups with suitable examples.

Food group	Examples
Only plants	Cow, sheep, goat
Only animals	Fox, lion, tiger
Both	Human beings, crow

Question 22.
Find out the body parts of the given animals and birds which help in collecting or capturing food.
1. Hen
2. Cow
3. Dog
4. Frog
5. Snake
6. Man
7. Lizard
8. Vulture
9. Lion
10. Humming bird
You have to visit the surroundings or watch the animal environment related channels or visit internet to get accurate information. (Or) Complete the following table.

Name of the animal	Body parts used in taking food

Answer:

Name of the Animal	Body parts used in taking food
Hen	Beak, claws
Cow	Teeth, tongue
Dog	Tongue, teeth
Frog	Tongue
Snake	Mouth, body
Man	Hands, teeth
Lizard	Tongue
Vulture	Beak, claws
Lion	Legs, claws, mouth
Humming bird	Beak

Question 23.

Grass	Grains	Tree	Lion
Deer	Snake	Cat	Dog
Rat	Rabbit	Sheep	Grasshopper
Eagle	Cow	Fox	Tiger

Write any four food chains of your choice.
Answer:

• Grains → Rat → Snake → Eagle
• Grass → Deer Tiger
• Grass → Sheep → Tiger
• Grass → Cow → Lion

Question 24.

Woodpeckers	Have a long beak and strong, by using this beak they remove layers of bark and eat ants and pests, which lie under the bark
Crane	Long beak, by which it catches fish in water
Vultures	Strong hooked beaks, to tear flesh off animals and also have sharp claws to tear flesh
Parrot	Hooked beak, which helps in eating fruits and cracking nuts

(i) Which birds are “Carnivores”?
Answer:
Vultures

(ii) Which bird has sharp claws and why do they use them?
Answer:
Vultures have sharp claws to tear the flesh.

(iii) What is the difference between vulture and parrot, in collecting food?
Answer:
Vulture is carnivorous. Parrot is omnivorous.

(iv) Why is beak long and strong in woodpeckers?
Answer:
To remove layers of bark and eat ants and pets.

Question 25.

Herbivores	Carnivores	Omnivores
Rabbit	Eagle	Crow
Goat	Tiger	Human
Rat	Lion	Dog
Cow	Wolf

(i) Make two food chains by using above information.
Answer:
Rabbit → Man → Tiger
Rat → Cat → Dog

(ii) Name any two animals that eat plants.
Answer:
Cow, goat

(iii) What do the dog and tiger eat?
Answer:
Meat

(iv) Give two examples of omnivores.
Answer:
Crow, human

Question 26.
Observe the following table and answer the questions given below.
Answer:

Food Group	Food Group Name	Examples
Only Plants	Herbivores	Cow, Buffalo, Goat, Rabbit
Only Animals	Carnivores	Fox, Tiger, Lion, Eagle
Both	Omnivores	Human beings, Dog, Cat

(i) Which food group members have less advantage in finding food? Why do you think so?
Answer:
Carnivores. Because they depend on only animals for food.

(ii) Give examples for herbivores.
Answer:
Cow, buffalo, goat, rabbit

(iii) Write down the example for animals which eat both plants and animals.
Answer:
Human beings, dog, cat

(iv) Write down what happens if all the animals eat only plants.
Answer:
Plants number will decrease. Animals will struggle from lack of oxygen.

Question 27.
Observe the given food web and answer the following questions.

(i) Write food chain starting with grass.
Answer:
Grass → Deer → Fox

(ii) Which animal consumes more number of other animals?
Answer:
Tiger and lion

(iii) Which animal stands as herbivore?
Answer:
Deer

(iv) How many other animals use hen as a prey?
Answer:
Four animals

Question 28.
Name of the plants and its parts from which we get different kinds of food ingredients we use in daily food.
Answer:

S.No.	Animal	Body parts help in food collection
1.	Frog	Tongue
2.	Cow	Mouth, teeth
3.	Tiger	Toes, mouth, teeth
4.	Wall Lizard	Tongue, mouth
5.	Parrot	Beak
6.	Fish	Mouth, teeth
7.	Duck	Mouth, teeth

(i) Which animals use the tongue for food collection ?
Answer:
Frog, wall lizard.

(ii) Which body part is useful for blood sucking in leech?
Answer:
Suckers

(iii) Aves collect the food with the help of
Answer:
Beak

(vi) Ducks have teeth in the mouth like cow and lion ? But what is the difference in the food collection ?
Answer:
Teeth in duck are used as filters. But in cow and lion they are used for eating food.

Question 29.

S.No.	Type of food	Type of organism	Examples
1.	Depend on plants only	Herbivores	Cow, Goat
2.	Depend on animals only	Carnivores	Fox, Tiger
3.	Depend on plants and animals	Omnivores	Human being, Crow

(i) What are the types the organisms depending on food habits ?
Answer:
Herbivores, Carnivores, Omnivores

(ii) What are omnivores ?
Answer:
Animals depending on plants and animals.

(iii) Frog, deer, hen belong to
Answer:
Omnivores

(iv) Give the examples for carnivores.
Answer:
Fox and tiger

Question 30.
Read the following table and answer the questions.

S. No.	Name of the animal	Herbivore	Carnivore
1.	Lion	–	✓
2.	Fox	–	✓
3.	Rabbit	✓	–
4.	Deer	✓	–

(i) Why are rabbit and deer called herbivores ?
Answer:
They eat only plant parts.

(ii) Give two more examples to carnivores.
Answer:
Tiger, vulture, cat, fox

Question 31.
Herbivores eat plants. Eg : Rabbit
Carnivores eat other animals. Eg : Lion
Omnivores eat both plants and animals. Eg : Human being
(i) Give examples of Herbivores and Carnivores.
Answer:
Rabbit, sheep, goat, cow etc., are herbivores.
Tiger, lion, fox, wolf etc., are carnivores.

(ii) Write the difference between lion and human being.
Answer:
Lion is a carnivore.
Human being is an omnivore.

Question 32.
Classify the animals given based on the type of food they take.
Tiger, Deer, Cow, Lion.
Answer:

Tiger	Carnivore
Deer	Herbivore
Cow	Herbivore
Lion	Carnivore

Question 33.
Observe the following diagram. What does it explain ?
Answer:
The given picture tells us the food chain in pond.
We can see that eggs and larvae are eaten by fish and frogs.
Fish and frogs are food for a crane.
When crane dies its body will be decomposed by microbial organisms.

Question 34.
Draw the diagrams of beaks of a. Eagle b. Sparrow c. Duck d. Hen. Write their food material.

Answer:
a. Eagle’s food material is snake, rats, chicks.
b. Sparrow’s food is grains and small insects.
c. Duck’s food material is grains, small fish
d. Hen feeds on grains and small insects.

Question 35.
See the following. Draw connections to show which animal is eaten by whom. (Or) How does the food web form?

Or
Draw any one food chain.
Answer:

Question 36.
Prepare a food chain by filling the blanks in the given flow chart.

Answer:

Question 37.
Draw the diagram of any one omnivore.
Answer:

Question 38.
Draw a food chain from below given animals.
Frog, Insect, Eagle, Snake.
Answer:
Insect → Frog → Snake → Eagle

Question 39.
I live on both land and in water. Who am I ? How do I collect the food?
Answer:
Frog lives on both land and in water. Hence it is called an amphibian. Frog collects the food with its long sticky tongue.

Question 40.
How do you appreciate the difference in beaks of birds, to suit their food collection?
Answer:

• Birds in different areas depend on type of food material available in their places.
• Different birds are able to collect food with their beaks.
• Beak of one bird is different from beak of another bird. This make them to collect specific type of food.
• Some birds use their beak for collecting different food material.
• Even though birds have only beak to collect the food they show their capacity of food collection only through beaks.

Question 41.
Which body parts are used by lion to collect and eat food?
Answer:
Fore limb and its claws for killing the prey, sharp canine teeth for tearing the flesh.

TS Board Telangana SCERT Class 6 Science Solutions 5th Lesson Materials and Things Textbook Questions and Answers.

Materials and Things – TS 6th Class Science 5th Lesson Questions and Answers Telangana

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
Name any five objects which are made up of only one material. (Conceptual Understanding) 2M
Answer:
Five objects which are made up of plastic.

1. Chairs,
2. Boxes,
3. Table,
4. Bottles,
5. Dolls.

Question 2.
Name any five objects which are made up of more than two materials. (Conceptual Understanding) 2 M
Answer:
Five objects which are made up of more than two materials.

1. Bicycle,
2. Bullock cart,
3. Doors,
4. Wall clock,
5. Shuttle bat.

Question 3.
List five things which we can make using each of the following materials: a) Glass b) Metal c) Plastic d) Wood. (Conceptual Understanding) 4 M
Answer:
Five things which we can make using each of the following material.
(A) Glass Mirror, car window, TV screen, photo frame, dining bowls, plates etc.
(B) Metal Wheels, chairs, cup board, vessels, machines etc.
(C) Plastic Jars, covers (carry bags), chairs, bottles, plates etc.
(D) Wood Tables, chairs, doors, windows, cots, frames etc.

Question 4.
Mary saw a ship travelling on a sea. She knows that iron nail sinks in water. She has many doubts, what are her doubts ? Write them. (Asking Questions and Making Hypothesis) 4 M
Answer:
Mary raises the following questions (doubts) for floating of ship in the sea.

1. Flow does a ship float on the surface of sea ?
2. What principle helps the ship to sail on the sea easily ?
3. Do all material have a chance of floating on the sea water ?
4. Are there any properties which help the ship floating ?
5. Can I travel on the surface of sea as ship sails ?

Question 5.
Mary, while examining whether a boiled egg sinks or floats, found that it floats but Vakula made it sink, how is it possible? Guess and write it. (Asking questions and Making hypothesis) 4 M
Answer:

1. At first Mary used salt water for testing the sinking or floating character of the boiled egg Naturally boiled egg floats on the surface of salt water. Therefore the egg floats on salt water.
2. But Vakula made the egg sink in by using normal water. She observed that the boiled egg simply sinks In the normal water.

Question 6.
Drop an egg in a beaker of water. Now drop the same egg in another beaker of water in which excessive salt is added. Write your observation. (Experimentation and Field Investigation) 4 M
Answer:
Procedure of the experiment : The egg is dropped in a beaker of water. After sometime, the same egg is dropped in another beaker of water in which excessive salt is added.

Observation : When the egg is placed in the beaker full of water, the egg sinks normally. On the other hand if the same egg is placed in another beaker of salt water, it floats.

Inference : The salt water and normal water exhibit their character to sinking or floating of an egg.

Question 7.
Do the following activities. Write down your observations. What do you conclude ? (Experimentation and Field Investigation) 8 M
a) Mix chalk powder in water.
b) Place a piece of candle in water.
c) Add some oil drops to a beaker of water.
Answer:
Aim : To observe the nature of substances like chalk powder, candle piece and oil drops in water.

Requirements: Three glass beakers full of water, chalk powder, candle piece and oil drops.

Procedure: Three glass beakers are kept on the table. They are filled with water. Certain amount of chalk powder, candle piece and a few drops of oil are taken into the three beakers 1, 2, 3 respectively.

Observation : It is observed that the chalk powder is dissolved in the first beaker, candle piece is not dissolved in the second beaker. It is observed that the oil drops float on the surface of water.

Conclusion : Water has the capacity of dissolving certain substances like chalk powder. Substances like candle in solid state are insoluble in the water. Oil floats on the water surface.

Question 8.
Make a list of items from your kitchen like utensils, food ingredients etc. Classify them as follows.

Item	Sink/float in water	Soluble / insoluble in water

Answer:
Utensils : Glass, saucer, small water vessel, spoon.
Ingredients : Sugar, salt, dal, jeera. Based on the sinking or floating of utensils and solubility of ingredients in water the items are classified as follows.
UTENSILS:

Item	Sink/float in water
Glass	Slowly sinking
Saucer	Floats on water
Water vessel	Floats on water
Spoon	Sinking

INGREDIENTS:

Item	Soluble / insoluble in water
Sugar	Soluble
Salt	Soluble
Dal	Insoluble
Jeera	Insoluble

Question 9.
Collect different plastic items from your surroundings. Classify them as transparent, opaque and translucent.
Answer:

Item name	Transparent / Opaque / Translucent
Polythene cover	Transparent item
Carry bag	Translucent item
Box	Opaque item

Question 10.
Draw different objects made up of wood which we use in our daily life. (Communication through Drawing and Model Making) 8M
Answer:

Question 11.
Make a few models you like using clay. (Communication through Drawing and Model Making) 8M
Answer:
Models made of clay.

Question 12.
We know that a ship, even though it is made up of tonnes of iron, floats on water. How do you feel about the scientists, who found the scientific principles and efforts in making a ship ? (Aesthetic Sence, Values and Application to Daily Life and Concern to Bio-diversity) 4M
Answer:

1. Invention of ship is a great milestone in the human development.
2. Iron is a heavy metal which sinks in water. But making a ship made with wood and tonnes of iron floats on water is really an appreciable thing.
3. We have to appreciate the scientists and their efforts in applying scientific principles for the benefit of mankind.

Question 13.
We use so many wooden items in our daily life. Is it good to use wood? What happens by excessive use of it? What is the reason? Is there any
alternative for this ? (Aesthetic Sence, Values and Application to Daily Life and Concern to Bio-diversity) 4M
Answer:
Uses of wood :

1. Indeed the things made of wood are en vironmentally eco – friendly products.
2. Wooden items do not cause harm to the environment.
3. To make the items with wood, we should depend on forests and domestic plants.

Demerits of cutting trees :

1. Cutting trees for wooden items severely affects the decrease in forests and all the plantations is called deforestation.
2. Deforestation leads to imbalance in nature and there will be a decrease in rainfall.
3. Oxygen in the atmosphere decreases.
4. Deforestation causes top most soil erosion. Thus in turn it results in losing of soil fertility. Due to soil erosion we lose food grain harvestation.

Alternative steps to avoid cutting trees for wooden items :

1. One way is to grow the wood giving plants in the waste land areas with the help of our society.
2. The wooden furniture, once we purchase them from the shop, should be used them without damage.
3. We should not cut down non-wood giving trees along with wood giving plants unnecessarily.
4. We have to find a solution to convert any waste and already used material into wooden like furniture.

TS 6th Class Science 5th Lesson Notes – Materials and Things

• In our daily life we use several objects for different acHuif les. These objects are made of different materials.
• Some objects are made of more than one material.
• Objects around us are made of large variety of materials :
• Based on their properties, we use different materials for dfferenf purposes.
• Material has three important states called solids, liquids and gases.
• Some materials can sink in water and some materials can float on water.
• Materials are grouped together on the basis of similarities and differences in their properties.
• Certain materials change their state from solid to liquid, liquid togas on being heated and from gas to liquid, liquid to solid on being cooled.
• Material : Materials are the things that you need for a particular activity.
• Object : An object is anything that has a fixed shape that you can touch or see and that is not alive.
• Metal : It is a hard substance. Eg : Iron, steel, copper etc.
• Transparent : We can easily see through some materials. Such materials are said to be transparent. Eg: glass, air, water etc.
• Opaque : We cannot see through some materials. Such materials are said to be opaque. Eg: wood, steel, card board etc.
• Traslucent : We can see the objects, but not very clearly are said to be translucent. Eg : oily paper etc.
• Solid : A solid is a substance that stays in the same shape, whether it is in a container or not. Eg: wood, rock etc.
• Liquid : A liquid is a substance which flows and can be poured and it. takes the shape of the container. Eg: water, kerosene.
• Gas : A gas is a substance that is neither liquid nor solid. Eg: air, smoke etc.
• Soluble : The materials which dissolve in a liquid are said to be soluble in water. Eg : Sugar in water.
• Insoluble : The materials which do not dissolve in a liquid are said to be insoluble in water. Eg: Kerosene in water.
• Sink : The material which possess more weight can sink in water. Eg: iron nail, stone etc.
• Float : The material which possess less weight can float on the water; Eg: dry leaf, sponge etc.

TS Board Telangana SCERT Class 6 Science Solutions 4th Lesson What Do Animals Eat? Textbook Questions and Answers.

What Do Animals Eat? – TS 6th Class Science 4th Lesson Questions and Answers Telangana

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
Name some animals in your house which have the same kind of food habit. (Conceptual Understanding) 2 M
Answer:
Goat, sheep, buffalo and cow consume same kind of food, that is grass. Cat and dog depend on meat, milk, curd etc.

Question 2.
Observe your surroundings or go to a nearby field and write about the following : (Information Skills and Projects/C. U.) 4M
a) How does the cow eat grass ?
b) What tools are used while doing so ?
c) In what way can you justify it is a herbivore ?
Answer:
Aim of the project: To observe the way of eating or consuming of grass by cow while grazing.
(a) Eating of grass (Grazing): The cow naturally grazes in the grass land. Before grazing, sometimes it smells the food (grass). It grazes only green leafy plants (grass) only. It ruminates

(b) The tools used while grazing : Cow doesn’t possess upper teeth. Instead, the upper jaw has muscular, strong gums. It plucks the grass by holding with upper muscular gums and lower teeth. The tongue also helps in churning the food.

(c) Since the cow consumes and only depends on green grass, it is called herbivore. It ruminates while in resting stage.

Question 3.
Compare the legs and nails of a dog and hen and say why they are different. (Conceptual Understanding) 4 M
(Or)
Differentiate the claws between dog and hen.
Answer:

Dog	Hen
1) It has sharp, curved nails on the small digits.	1) It possesses sharp, slightly elongated nails than dog.
2) The legs are muscular and strongly jointed.	2) The legs are thin and shorter than dog’s legs.
3) It uses its legs to separate the flesh from bones.	3) It uses legs to scratch the ground and eat worms.
4) The nails are also used for tearing the flesh.	4) Nails are useful for scratching the soil to pick up worms.

Question 4.
Go to a near by pond where cranes are usually seen. Observe how they catch fish ? Write about the process of catching fish. (Take care of yourself when you are near water places.) (Information Skills and Project) 8 M
Answer:
Aim of the project : To find out the way of food collection and consumption by crane in the water places.

Selection of the place :The selected site is a pond with less depth of water. This enables the cranes to pick up the food (fish) easily.

Procedure that is followed : I went to the pond awaiting the cranes. A couple of cranes came to the pond. Naturally, the crane has long beak to catch the fish. First it flew down to the pond. It started walking and searching for fish with the help of its long beak. When crane found the fish, it held the fish very quickly with its beak. Then it engulfed the fish.

Question 5.
Name some animals which use tongue as a tool for taking in food. (Asking Questions and Making Hypothesis) / Conceptual Understanding) 2 M
Answer:
Wall lizard, garden lizard, chameleon, goat, sheep, cow, dog, frog etc.

Question 6.
The butterfly uses to suck honey from flowers. (Conceptual Understanding) 2M
Answer:
The butterfly uses its long hollow tongue to suck honey from flowers.

Question 7.
Do the following and record your observations. Collect one or two earth worms and put them in a bottle containing wet soil. Close it with a lid which has holes. Observe how earthworms get their food. (Experimentation and Field Investigation)
Answer:
Aim : To observ the eating activity of earth worms in the wet soil.

Necessary material: Wet soil, two earthworms, glass bottle (or) thick transparent plastic box.

Procedure for observation : A couple of earthworms are collected and placed in the glass bottle containing wet soil. It is observed that the earthworms felt comfortable to stay in. Then they started swallowing soil in little quantities. While they are swallowing food their food pipe started expanding slightly.

Inference: With all the observations it is concluded that earthworms feed on moist soil that contains minerals and nutrients.

Question 8.
Which animals in the forest depend on only plants or on only animals for food? (Conceptual Understanding) 4 M

Animals that depend on plants for food	Animals that depend on animals for food
Buffalo, cow, goat, sheep deer, ox, etc.	Lion, tiger, fox, wolf, hyna, vulture, eagle, hawk etc.

Question 9.
Fill up the following table. (Information Skills and Projects) 4M
Answer:

Body part used to collect food	Examples
Beak	hen, parrot
Tongue	lizard, frog
Teeth	cat, dog
Sucker	butterfly, earth worm
Strong legs with claws	tiger, dog, lion

Question 10.
Why do most carnivores live in forests ? Give reasons. (Conceptual Understanding) 2M
Answer:

1. Most of the carnivores live in forests. Because the prey of carnivores is extensively available only in forests than in domestic areas.
2. The forest is more suitable for capturing the prey.
3. The animals which eat herbivorous organisms are carnivores.
4. If carnivores live outside the forest, human beings kill them as they are afraid of carnivores which may kill their animals or even kill them. Eg: Tiger, lion etc.

Question 11.
Make your own food chain and display it in your class room. (Communication through Drawing and Model Making) 4M
Answer:

Question 12.
Prepare a scrap book of animals and separate them into carnivores, omnivores and herbivores. (Information Skills and Project) 2M
Answer:
The photos of the following animals are very easy to collect from the available resources. I collected the photos of the following and classified them as follows.

Herbivores : Goat, sheep, buffalo, cow,
Carnivores : Lion, tiger, wolf, cat etc.
Omnivores : Wild bear, man, monkey.

Question 13.
Identify which of the following statements are wrong and give reasons. (Asking Questions and Making Hypothesis) 4 M
(a) That which lives in water cannot eat animals.
(b) Elephants and deer are the herbivores living in the forest.
(c) Birds’ beaks are designed to suit their food habits.
(d) Sharp claws are useful for hunting.
(e) Most of the food chains end with herbivorous animals.
Answer:
(I) Statements b and c are true to their nature.
(b) The natural living area for elephants and deer are forests.
(c) Different birds feed on different food materials. So, birds’ beaks are designed to suit their food habits.

II) Statements a, d and e are wrong. Reasons :
(a) Certain water animals feed on smaller animals.
Eg: Frog feeds on crustaceAnswer: A blue whale in the sea eats tiny animals called krill.

(d) Sharp claws of some animals meant for tearing the flesh of prey after hunting.
Eg: Lion
In some animals claws help in holding the grip for running while hunting the prey.

(e) Food chains naturally end with decomposers or degraders (microbes).

Question 14.
If you want to understand more about food chain what questions would you like to ask ? (Asking Questions and Making Hypothesis) 4M
Answer:
I would like to clarify my doubts by asking the following questions about food chain.

1. How do we compare animal food chain with human food chain ?
2. What can we understand from food chain ?
3. How do we analyse pond food chain ?
4. What is a food chain ?

Question 15.
Write a play with dialogues between a parrot and a lion about their food habits and organs to get food. Act it with your friends. Send it to school/district children’s magazine. (Aesthetic Sence, Values and Application to Daily Life and Concern to Bio-diversity) 8M
Answer:
Role – play (Dialogues between a parrot and a lion)

Parrot : Good morning, respected king of forest!

Lion : Good morning, how are you ?

Parrot : Fine, thank you king.

Lion : Where are you going beautiful green bird ?

Parrot : I am going to collect food somewhere.

Lion : Oh! You are going to search for food. What food do you like most ?

Parrot : I like fruits such as guava, mango etc. But you people feed on animal’s flesh.

Lion : Yes, we are the carnivores, we like to feed on other animals like deer, goat, sheep etc.

Parrot : Oh! It is your habit to eat other herbivorous animals.

Lion : Yes. I am also going to hunt for food.

Parrot : I will go by my way, you can move by your way. Bye, all the best.

Lion : Bye, all the best. Have a nice day.

Question 16.
Identify the given animal. (Communication through Drawing and Model Making) 4 M
1. What does it eat ?
2. Which part of the body helps it in eating ?

Answer:

1. The given animal is called pangolin.
2. It feeds on ants. Thus it is called spiny ant eater. Pangolin’s tongue is long and has stretching capacity. When it finds ants it expands tongue to capture the prey.

TS 6th Class Science 4th Lesson Notes – What Do Animals Eat?

• There are a wide variety of animals in the living world and they take a wide variety of food items.
• Different types of animals that live in our surroundings have their own food habits (way of taking food and type of food taken)
• Sucking, licking, pecking, chewing, peeling, swallowing are all the ways by which animals take their food in.
• Beaks of birds differ from one another depending upon the type of food they eat.
• Most of the wild animals that eat other animals have sharp teeth.
• Animals are divided into 3 types on the basis of their food. They are carnivores, herbivores and omnivores.
• Food chain is in connected between animals on the basis of their food habits.
• Food chain explains the interdependence of diverse organisms in nature.
• Some animals rely more on one sense than the other and it can be highly developed.
• Food Habit : Way of taking food and type of food taken is called food habit. Different types of animals that live in our surroundings have their own food habits
• Food Chain : Food chain is the connection between animals on the basis of their food habits.
• Sucking : Sucking is a way of taking food by animal.
• Picking : Picking is another type of way of food habit.
• Chewing : Churning food is called chewing. :
• Habitat : The surroundings which meet the needs of a particular organism in the best manner is called habitat.
• Carnivore : The organism which depends on herbivore for food.
• Herbivore : The organisms which feeds on plants.
• Omnivore : The animal which feeds both on carnivores and herbivores.
• Nocturnal : The organism which is active during night.
• Rumination : Bringing back food from stomach to mouth for chewing is called rumination.

TS Board Telangana SCERT Class 6 Science Solutions 3rd Lesson Rain: Where Does it Come From? Textbook Questions and Answers.

Rain: Where Does it Come From? – TS 6th Class 3rd Science Lesson Questions and Answers Telangana

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
How are clouds formed ? Explain. (Conceptual Understanding) 8 M
Answer:

1. On a sunny day, the sun heats up the ground as well as the water in seas, oceans, rivers, ponds etc. This water converts into water vapour by the process of evaporation.
2. Evaporation is the process of water changing into water vapour.
3. Evaporation is a natural process which takes place on the earth.
4. Water evaporates continuously from the surfaces of water bodies like seas, oceans, rivers, ponds etc., and changes into water vapour due to the heat supplied by sunlight.
5. The water vapour entered into air through the process of evaporation forms clouds in the sky.

Question 2.
How does the rain water reach from clouds to rivers or oceans?
(Or)
Describe the relationship between oceans and rains. (Conceptual Understanding) 8M
Answer:

1. The water in the water bodies gets heated up and converts into water vapour by the process of evaporation.
2. When water vapour reaches higher levels it condenses due to contact with cool air and forms water droplets.
3. These droplets remain floating in air at higher levels of the atmosphere and appear as clouds.
4. Sometimes the cool breeze coming along with air makes the clouds cooler.
5. This leads to water in the clouds condense and form large water drops.
6. When the size of the water drops increases further it becomes difficult for the cloud to hold them and water drops begin to fall on the earth. This is called rain.
7. In this way the rain water reaches from clouds to rivers and oce.

Question 3.
When do clouds become cool ?
(Or)
Explain the changes that take place in clouds before it rain.
(Or)
How do you imagine that it is likely to rain?
(Or)
Water vapour converts into clouds. How clouds turn into rain?
(Or)
Krishnaveni said, “The raining takes place from clouds”. What are the observations you make at the time of raining ? (Conceptual Understanding) 4 M
Answer:

1. Winds bring the clouds from the sea to the land. Clouds are nothing but evaporated water.
2. The colder air in the upper layers of the atmosphere cools the clouds.
3. The clouds moving in air are generally at higher levels.
4. Sometimes the cool breeze coming along with air makes the clouds cooler.
5. These cool clouds bring rain.

Question 4.
Explain the relationship between the heat of sun and evaporation. (Conceptual Understanding) 4 M
Answer:

1. On a warm day, the sun heats the ground as well as the water in the water bodies.
2. This water converts into water vapour by the process of evaporation.
3. More the sun heats up the water from water bodies, the more evaporation of water occurs.
4. The formation of clouds depends on the amount of water that evaporates due to sun heat.

Question 5.
Why do we experience cloud like smoke near our mouth while we speak during the winter season ? (Asking Questions and Making Hypothesis) 4 M
Answer:

1. In winter, the air in our atmosphere is very cool as compared to the air coming out from our mouth.
2. Water vapour present in the air coming out from our mouth gets cooled suddenly to form very tiny droplets.
3. These tiny droplets concentrated in a limited area, appear like smoke or a small cloud near our mouth.

Question 6.
Correct the given sentence if necessary.
“If the size of water drops decreases in the clouds, they can no longer hold the water drops.” (Asking Questions and Making Hypothesis) 4 M
Answer:

1. The given sentence is not applicable for the characteristic feature of the appearance of the clouds.
2. When water vapour reaches higher levels it condenses due to contact with cool air and forms small drops or water droplets.
3. These tiny droplets remain floating in air at higher levels of the atmosphere and appear as clouds.
4. Therefore if the size of water drops decreases in the clouds, they can hold water drops.

Question 7.
Which of the following days is more suitable for drying of washed clothes? Explain why. a) Windy day b) Cloudy day (Conceptual Understanding) 4 M
Answer:

1. Windy day is more suitable than the cloudy day for drying of washed clothes.
2. The rate of evaporation increases with the wind flow.
3. Cloudy atmosphere has less capacity of evaporating water into vapour than windy atmosphere. The evaporation will be slow.
4. Clothes dry faster in windy atmosphere, and slower in cloudy regions.

Question 8.
Which of the following statements are right (Or) wrong ? (Conceptual Understanding) 4 M
a) Evaporation takes place quickly when more heat is supplied.
b) For condensation of water vapour, it should be cooled.
c) Water vapour is obtained from water by its evaporation.
Answer:
The three given statements are true to their nature.
(a) Evaporation takes place quickly when more heat is supplied.

(b) When water vapour gets cooled, it turns into water. Cool air converts water vapour into water droplets which in turn finally into water by the process of condensation.

(c) The process of changing of water into water vapour is called evaporation.

Question 9.
Draw a diagram to explain the water cycle. (Communication through Drawing and Model Making) 4 M
Answer:

Question 10.
How do you feel when you see the beauty of Rainbow ? Express your feelings in the form of a song or a poem. (Aesthetic Sence, Values
and Application to Daily Life and Concern to Bio-diversity) 8M
Answer:

1. The Rainbow formation during rainy season is a natural phenomenon in the sky.
2. The refractive index of the light through tiny droplets of rain after rain fall designs the rainbow.
3. The rainbow is the seven coloured structure of visible light rays of electro magnetic radiation.
4. It possesses Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange and Red colours which are embedded in visible light.
5. The beauty of rainbow is beyond our imagination.
   My feelings on rainbow are as follows :
   The beauty of seven colours of crayon
   I am smiling at nature that goes on
   Greet me, I greet you forever and ever
   See me, I see you and leave you never
   Oh God ! What a great creation you make
   For the leisure of creatures and their sake

Question 11.
Clouds once seen at a particular point, may not be there after sometime? Why? (Asking Questions and Making Hypothesis) 4 M
Answer:

1. The clouds once seen at a particular point may not be there after sometime.
2. This is because of the movement of clouds from high pressure areas to lower pressure areas.
3. Pressure influences the movement of clouds.
4. The difference in pressures in two different areas leads to the movement of air.
5. Thus the clouds also move along with air from high pressure area to low pressure area.

Question 12.
Revanth blew air from his mouth onto the mirror while he was getting ready to go to school. He observed that the image in the mirror was not clear. Do you have any doubts to raise in this situation ? Prepare questions on your doubts. (Asking Questions and Making Hypothesis) 8 M
Answer:
Revanth blew air from his mouth onto the mirror. He confused at the appearance of moist layer on the mirror. He doubted and may have questioned himself in the following way.

1. What is the reason for the formation of some moist layer on the mirror ?
2. Why did the mirror become unclear after blowing air on it by mouth ?
3. What comes out of my mouth while blowing ?
4. Does it happen even for other animals also ?

Question 13.
If it is raining in a village you don’t find rain another village. Why do you think it is happening so? (Asking Questions and Making Hypothesis) 8 M
Answer:

1. Often we see that there may be rain in some area, where it may not be in its adjacent areas.
2. This is because of condensation of clouds due cool air which affects on them in the specific area.
3. Occurance of winds won’t be same in all the areas. Pressure influences on the presence of air.
4. Clouds along with winds move from high pressure area to low pressure area at which cool air occurs.
5. That’s why rain is seen only in some areas, where we can’t see it in its adjacent areas.

Question 14.
If condensation fails to occur innature what happens? (Asking Questions and Making Hypothesis) 8 M
Answer:
If there is no occurance of condensation in the water, water cycle stops due to lack of rains. If there are no rains water sources will not be filled with water. Even ground water level decreases. Low percentage of water levels in the natural water bodies cause damage to the living kingdom, thus it finally lead to destruction of nature. Hence condensation process is very essential in the water cycle.

Question 15.
Why does the driver of a vehicle wipe the glass inside, even if the wiper is working on outer surface of the glass when he drives in rain ?
(Aesthetic Sence, Values and Application to Daily Life and Concern to Bio-diversity) 8 M
Answer:

1. The driver wipes the glass inside, even wiper is working on outer surface of the glass when he drives in rain.
2. Because of the natural process called condensation rain that falls on the glass of the cabin cools its surface.
3. Air inside the driver’s cabin contains water vapour which is warmer than the outside surface of the glass.
4. Due to the cold glass, air close to its inner surface will also become cooler.
5. This changes the water vapour in the air of the inner surface of the glass into water and forms small drops on the inner surface.

TS 6th Class Science 3rd Lesson Notes – Rain: Where Does it Come From?

• Water is available in nature in three forms, ice (solid form), water (liquid form) and vapour (gaseous form).
• Solid form of water is ice. Snow occurs naturally.
• The three forms of water are interchangeable.
  
• Evaporation : The process of changing of water into water vapour is called evaporation.
• Condensation : The process of conversion of water vapour into water is called condensation.
• Water cycle : The conversion of water into water vapour, water vapour to clouds and clouds to rain is known as water cycle.
• Cloud : Clouds are formed from tiny droplets of water vapour.
• Water vapour : The gaseous form of water is water vapour.
• Atmosphere : Atmosphere is the main factor on the earth.
• Stream : A narrow flow of water.
• Droplets : Tiny particLes of water.
• Dew : Small drops of water that form on outdoor surfaces.
• Rain : Small drops of water falling from clouds.
• Hails : Winds on the earth are called hails.
• Breeze : Cool winds are called breeze.
• Wind : Movement of air from high pressure area to low pressure area.

TS Board Telangana SCERT Class 6 Science Solutions 2nd Lesson Playing with Magnets Textbook Questions and Answers.

Playing with Magnets – TS 6th Class Science 2nd Lesson Questions and Answers Telangana

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
Predict which of the following material are magnetic and non-magnetic material. Test with a bar magnet and check your predictions. What do you say after testing all material ?
Plastic, Iron, Stainless Steel, Wood, Aluminium, Gold, Silver, Copper, (Experimentation and Field Investigation) 8 M
Answer:
Aim : To classify the given material as magnetic and non – magnetic substances by testing with bar magnet.
Apparatus: Bar magnet

Given material for Testing : Plastic, iron, stainless steel, wood, aluminium, gold, silver, copper, paper, cloth.

Procedure : A bar magnet is taken and started keeping each substance of the given material close to the bar magnet. The same method is followed for all the material.

Observation : Some substances are attracted by magnet and some are not attracted.

Result: The material attracted by magnet – Iron.
The following materials are not attracted by bar magnet a) Stainless steel b) Wood, c) Plastic, d) Aluminium, e) Gold, f) Silver, g) Copper, h) Paper,i) Cloth.

Inference : The substances which are attracted by magnet are called magnetic substances.

Eg: Iron.
The substances which are not attracted by magnets are non-magnetic substances.

Eg: Paper, Aluminium etc.

Question 2.
List out the magnetic and non – magnetic materials in your classroom. (Conceptual Understanding) 2 M
Answer:

1. Magnetic materials : Iron rods of the window, pins, bolt of the door, binding wire, nails etc.
2. Non – magnetic materials: Paper, note book, plastic pen, rubber band, eraser etc.

Question 3.
For which purposes do people use magnets in their daily life ? Ask your family members and other elders and collect the information and prepare a list of uses of magnets. (Information Skills and Projects) 2 M
Answer:
Aim : Aim of the project is to collect the information of uses of magnets in our daily life.
Uses :

1. Pure stainless steel is not attracted by magnet. The quality of stainless steel can be checked with a magnet while buying.
2. It would be easy to handle the pins easily if a magnet is placed in the lid of a pin box.
3. Magnets are used as door stoppers. One magnet is placed on the door and the other on wall. The door is attracted to wall and doors will not move for the wind.
4. Magnets are used in refrigerator doors, toys, magnetic stickers, fans, loud speakers, microphones, automobile dynamos, audio and video tapes and computer hard disks.

Question 4.
Draw a bar magnet and locate the poles. (Communication through Drawing and Model Making) 2 M
Answer:

Question 5.
Observe and locate North and South poles for the second bar magnet shown in the figure given below. (Communication through Drawing and Model Making) 2 M
Answer:

Question 6.
Think and say, in which direction your house is facing ? Use the compass and find out the exact direction of your house and compare it with your prediction. Similarly predict and find out in which direction you keep your head while sleeping at night, the directions you face while you are reading, eating etc. (Asking Questions and Making Hypothesis) 4 M
Answer:

1. Naturally any architecture professional designs the house blue print in East – West direction. This is because of one reason by allowing morning sun-rays into the house and better ventilation.
2. Compass is used to find out the specific direction of its construction. I clearly found that it is in East – West direction.
3. Head is kept either in East – West (or) West – East direction while sleeping. This is to avoid North – South direction of the magnetic influence.
4. Our elders advise us to sit for study in East-West direction, we avoid sitting North – South direction. We do the same thing while taking meals. For the above reasons we avoid North – South direction of the magnetic influence.

Question 7.
Prepare a toy using magnets and write the procedure of preparation briefly. (Experimentation and Field Investigation) 8 M
Answer:
Aim : To prepare a toy using magnets.
Apparatus : Two bar magnets, a toy (car or doll)

Procedure:

1. A toy car is brought from the shop which is in good condition.
2. A couple of bar – magnets are taken. One is inserted into the front portion of the toy facing north pole towards front and south pole – towards back. The preparation is kept on the floor.
3. Another bar magnet is taken into hands keeping its south pole towards front part of the car. It tries to change the direction of the magnet towards the toy car.

Observation : While keeping the south pole of hand’s bar magnet towards the car, the car comes to the hand. While keeping north pole of the hand’s bar – magnet towards the car, the car moves away from hand.

Inference : Like poles of bar magnet repel each other, unlike poles of bar – magnet attract each other. This principle helps us making toy cars and dolls.

Question 8.
Think and say where the poles will be located in a ring magnet ? Try to find out its poles using a bar magnet and check your prediction.
(Experimentation and Field Investigation) 4 M
Answer:

Aim : To find out the North – South poles of the ring magnet by using bar magnet.

Apparatus : Ring magnet, bar magnet

Procedure : A ring magnet is kept on the table. A bar magnet is brought very close to the ring magnet. Amazingly the bar magnet’s north pole is attracted on upper portion of the ring magnet.

Observation: The direction of the bar magnet is changed towards upper portion. But both the magnets repelled. That means the south.

Result: To a ring magnet the poles are located at upper and lower sides.

Question 9.
Magnetise a needle using a bar magnet. Make a compass with that needle by following the process explained in activity 10. (Experimentation and Field Investigation) 4 M
Answer:
Aim : To make a compass with my own magnetised needle.

Apparatus : Needle, glass, round light weight cork, water etc.

Procedure:
A) Preparation of magnetised needle :

1. A needle is taken and kept on the table. A bar magnet is placed, one of its poles near one edge of the needle.
2. Without lifting the bar magnet, it is moved along the length of the needle.
3. Then the magnet is brought to the first end of the needle and is moved along the length. This is repeated 20-30 times.
4. Now the bar magnet is removed and some iron filings are brought to the magnetised needle.

Observation :

1. Iron filings are attracted by the needle.
2. Therefore I succeeded in making my own magnet by magnetising needle.

B) i) The magnetised needle is kept on the cork and is placed on the water surface in the glass.
ii) In order to make free floating of the cork a little detergent is added.

Observation : We observed the magnetised needle pointing north and south directions.

Result: We can prepare a compass with a magnetised needle.

Precaution : We should not drag the bar magnet back and forth on the needle, it should be moved in only one direction.

Question 10.
Sometimes people use magnets to keep the doors open and sometimes to close the doors firmly. Think and say how it is possible and how we should arrange the magnets in each case, (or) Magnets are used in closing and opening of doors and windows. How is it possible ? Think and write. (Asking Questions and Making Hypothesis) 4 M
Answer:

1. It is possible to close and open the doors firmly.
2. The facility of this is based on the magnetic property of two magnets.
3. The magnetic property says unlike poles of magnets attract, like poles of magnets repel.
4. We can do this by changing the direction of table magnet. The suspended one also changes its direction.

Application of Magnetic property to the doors :
(a) When doors are opened firmly, it is because of placing two magnets facing each other with like poles in two doors. This results in firm opening of doors.

(b) When doors are closed firmly, it is because of placing of two magnets facing each other with unlike poles in two doors. This results in firm closing of the doors.

Question 11.
Does the Earth behave as a magnet? How do you prove it? (Experimentation and Field Investigation) 4M
Answer:
Aim : To prove the magnetic behaviour of the Earth.

Apparatus : Two bar magnets, thread, table etc.

Procedure:

1. A bar magnet is placed on the table. Another bar magnet is suspended very close to the first one kept on the table.
2. It is observed that the north pole of the suspended bar magnet points towards the south pole of the magnet placed on the table.
3. The south pole of the suspended bar magnet points towards the north pole of the bar magnet kept on the table.
4. Later the first bar magnet is removed from the table. But the suspended magnet is still hanging on the table.

Observation:

1. The suspended magnet comes to rest in the North-South direction.
2. It is said that there is some magnet below the suspended one, which makes it to come to rest in that particular direction.

Result: It is evident that the earth possesses magnetic property which acts upon the suspended bar magnet.

Inference : The earth exhibits greater magnetic property with north and south poles.

Question 12.
If you have two similar bars, one a magnet and another a piece of iron, can you find out which one of these is a magnet ? Explain the process.
(Experimentation and Field Investigation) 2 M
Answer:

1. The substance which exhibits magnetic property attracts the other magnetic material. This occurs in case of magnet.
2. Because it attracts the other bar, which is iron.
3. When both the bars are kept closely, the true magnet bar attracts the iron bar.
4. On the other hand iron bar doesn’t show attractive property on true magnet.
5. By the following way we can recognise true magnet and magnetic substance.

Question 13.
Teacher said that earth is a magnet. But Sree Vidya has some doubts and she asked her teacher some questions. What may be the questions? (Asking Questions and Making Hypothesis) 2M
Answer:

1. If Earth possesses magnetic property why don’t all the iron material attract towards any one of the poles of the Earth ?
2. How can we prove the magnetic property of the Earth ?
3. What is the advantage of magnetic property of Earth for living kind ?
4. Where are south and north poles of Earth’s magnet ?

Question 14.
Surya was wonderstruck to know that Earth is a big magnet and appreci¬ated efforts of scientists to discover this. Do you notice any such things in magnets to appreciate? Explain. (Aesthetic Sence, Values and Application to Daily Life and Concern to Bio-diversity) 4M
Answer:

1. Isaac Newton discovered that the Earth possesses magnetic property. He proved it by observing fall of apple from the plant.
2. Indeed we should appreciate the great power of magnetism.
3. Because of the magnetic property, the Earth revolves round the sun in the name of gravitational force.
4. The moon revolves round the Earth with specific magnetic property influenced by Earth.
5. In favour of living kind the earth sustains all the organisms.
6. Due to above reasons we can appreciate the magnets and the concept of magnetism which exist in the nature.

Question 15.
Kiran wants to prepare a toy using some magnets to make people understand the slogan “Reject bad food and accept only good food.” Can you help him to prepare the toy? If yes, how? (Communication through Drawing and Model Making) 4M
Answer:

1. Applying the magnetic property for making a toy magnet to conduct the programme is interesting.
2. The junk food box is placed on one side of the table. Good food box is kept on the other side.
3. Each item of the junk food with bar magnet facing its specific pole is arranged. Likewise to the good food items having magnet facing its specific pole.
4. Moving the toy magnet in front of junk food, keeps away from them. Because of the facing pole of the toy magnet is as same as pole of the junk food items.
5. Moving the toy magnet in front of the good food items, attract them, because of unlike poles of the food items magnet and toy  magnet. We should emphasise the magnetic property of the two bar magnets in our day to day life. To conduct an awareness programme on food items, toy magnet game will be very interesting.

TS 6th Class Science 2nd Lesson Notes – Playing with Magnets

• The cap of the pin holder contains a material known as magnet which attracts sub¬stances like iron pins, iron nails etc.
• The stone which Magnus pulled out is called lode stone.
• Lode stone is a natural magnet
• Magnets are of different shapes i.e., bar magnets, horse shoe magnets, ring type magnets etc.
• Each magnet has two magnetic poles : North and South A freely suspended magnet always aligns in the North – South direction.
•  Magnet : The material which attracts substances like iron pins, iron nails etc. is known as a magnet.
• Magnetic materials : The materials that are attracted by magnets are called magnetic materials. Eg: iron pins, nails etc.
• Non-magnetic materials : The materials that are not attracted by the magnets are called non-magnetic materials. Eg: paper, wood, plastic etc.
• North Pole, South Pole : A bar magnet always have two ends whose attracting capacity is more than other parts of it, these are called poles. Each magnet has two poies – north pole and south pole.
• Magnetic Compass : A magnetic compass is used to find directions. It is mostly used in ships and aeroplanes, by mountaineers and army people. It works on the “directional property of magnets”.
• Like poles : North pole – North pole or South pole – South pole of two magnets are called like poles. These are repelled by each other.
• Unlike poles : North pole – South pole or South pole – North pole of two magnets are called ‘unlike poles’. These are attracted by each other.
• Attraction : Unlike poles (N-S, S-N) attract each other.
• Repulsion : Like poles (N-N, S-S) repel with each other.
• Magnetic induction : Magnetic property possessed by a magnetic substance due to the presence of a magnet near to it is called magnetic induction.

Telangana SCERT TS 8th Class Hindi Guide Pdf 12th Lesson बढ़ते क़दम Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 8th Class Hindi 12th Lesson Questions and Answers Telangana बढ़ते क़दम

प्रश्न :

प्रश्न 1.
चित्र में दिखायी दे रहे महापुरुष का नाम बताओ।
उत्तर :
चित्र में दिखायी दे रहे महापुरुष का नाम महात्मा गाँधीजी हैं।

प्रश्न 2.
वे क्या कर रहे हैं ?
उत्तर :
वे डायरी लिख रहे हैं।

प्रश्न 3.
तुम्हें लिखना कैसा लगता है ? अपने शब्दों में बताओ।
उत्तर :
मुझे लिखना बहुत अच्छा लगता है। मैं पढ़ने से लिखना ही अधिक पसंद करता हूँ।

सुनो – बोलो :

प्रश्न 1.
इस डायरी की घटनाओं के आधार पर बताओ समीना कैसी लडकी है?
उत्तर :
इस डायरी की घटनाओं के आधार पर बताये तो समीना एक अच्छी लड़की है। वह बड़ों का आदर करती है। साथियों से मिजजुलकर रहती है। बडों की सेवा करती है। गुरुजनों की आज्ञा का पालन करती है।

प्रश्न 2.
समीना के पाठशाला न जाने के क्या कारण हो सकते हैं ?
उत्तर :
समीना के माँ की तबीयत ठीक नहीं है। उसे माँ का काम करना पड रहा होगा। या दीदी की सहता करना पड रहा होगा।

पढ़ो :

अ. नीचे दिये गये वाक्य पढ़िए। इनके अर्थवाले वाक्य पाठ में रेखांकित कीजिए।

प्रश्न 1.
मैं अपने मित्रों से मिलना चाहती हूँ।
उत्तर :
और फिर ममता रवि, शमीम से भी तो कई दिनों से नहीं मिली।

प्रश्न 2.
भय के कारण पूछ न सकी।
उत्तर :
मुझे तो कुछ समझ में नहीं आ रहा था कि क्या करना है। पहले डर के मारे पूछा नहीं। फिर थोडी देर बाद पूछा तो अध्यापिका जी ने मेरी ओर देखते हुए पूछा – “समीना ! कल तुम क्यों नहीं आयी।?”

आ. नीचे दिये गये वाक्यों में गलत पहचानकर सही लिखिए।

प्रश्न 1.
आज मैं पाठशाला खेलना चाहती है।
उत्तर :
आज मैं पाठशाला जाना चाहती हूँ।

प्रश्न 2.
सरकार का तारा है – “सब पढ़ें – सब बढ़ें।”
उत्तर :

सरकार का नारा है – “सब पढ़ें – सब बढ़ें”।

लिखो :

अ. नीचे दिये गये प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए।

प्रश्न 1.
समीना के घर की स्थिति कैसी थी ?
उत्तर :
समीना के घर में उसकी माँ की तबीयत ठीक नहीं थी समीना को माँ का काम करना पडता था। इसलिए वह एक सप्ताह से स्कूल नहीं जाती है। हर दिन समीना को दीदी की सहायता भी करनी पडती है।

प्रश्न 2.
‘सब पढ़ें – सब बढ़ें’ इस नारे से आप क्या समझते हो ?
उत्तर :
‘सब पढ़ें – सब बढ़ें’ का अर्थ है सभी लोगों को खूब पढ़कर आगे बढ़ना चाहिए। देश को उन्नति के पथ पर ले जाना चाहिए।

आ. प्रधानाध्यापक जी ने बच्चों को क्या बताया होगा?
उत्तर :
प्रधानाध्यापक जी ने बच्चों को बताया होगा कि भारत सरकार 01 अप्रैल, 2010 से बच्चों के लिए शिक्षा का अधिकार कानून अमल में ला रही है। इस कानून के अनुसार 6 से 14 वर्ष के सभी बच्चों को निशुल्क और अनिवार्य रूप से शिक्षा पाने का अधिकार है। उन्हें अपनी पढ़ाई के लिए एक पैसा भी खर्च नहीं करना होगा। भारत सरकार हर बच्चे के चेहरे पर खुशी देखना चाहती है।
आगे उन्होंने कहा कि सरकार पौष्टिक भोजन, बालिका शिक्षा, पेयजल की सुविधा, खेल सामग्री, खेल का मैदान, पोषाक, निशल्क पाठ्य पुस्तकें और विविध प्रकार की सुविधाएँ प्रोत्साहन आदि दे रही हैं। सरकार चाहती है कि भारत का हर नागरिक पढा-लिखा बनें। सौ प्रतिशत साक्षरता दर प्राप्त करें। सरकार का नारा है – ‘सब पढ़ें – सब बढ़ें।’ जिस दिन भारत का हर बच्चा शिक्षित होकर अच्छा नागरिक बनेगा, उसी दिन हमारे महापुरुषों के सपने साकार होंगे। जयहिंदा”

शब्द अंडार :

अ. नीचे दिये गये शब्दों के वचन बदलिए। वाक्य प्रयोग कीजिए।
उदा : कहानी – मुझे पंचतंत्र की कहानियाँ पसंद है।
छुट्टी, खुशी, ताली, समिति

छुट्टी	बच्चों के लिए छुट्टियाँ बहुत पसंद हैं।
खुशी	रवि अपने जन्मदिन पर खुशियाँ मनाता है।
ताली	कविता सुनकर सब लोगों ने तालियाँ बजाई।
समिति	हमारे कौलनी में विभिन्न समितियाँ हैं।

आ. पाठ में समीना के दोस्तों के नाम दिये गये हैं। आप अपने दोस्तों के नाम लिखिए।
उत्तर :
गोपाल, गौरी, शंकर, रहीम, विनय, सुरेश, हरीष आदि मेरे दोस्तों के नाम है।

सृजनात्मक अभिव्यक्ति :

अ. अभी अपने समीना की डायरी पढ़ी। डायरी की घटनाएँ बताते हुए मित्र को पत्र लिखिए।

निज्जामाबाद,
दि : ××××

प्रिय मित्र कैलाश,
में यहाँ कुशल हुँ। आशा करता हूँ कि तुम भी वहाँ सकुशल हो।
में मुख्यत : इस पत्र में समीना की डायरी के बारे में लिखना चाहता हूँ।
पहले दिन की डायरी (20 सितंबर, 2012 गुरुवार) में लिखे समाचार से हमें मालूम होता हैं कि समीना की माँ की तबीयत ठीक न होने के कारण समीना एक सप्ताह से पाठशाला नही गयी है उसे घर में माँ का काम करना पडता था। एक दिन वह पाठशाला जाना चाहती है और अपने दोस्त रवि, ममता और शमीम से मिलना चाहती है । लेकिन उसकी दीदी कुछ मदद करने उसे रोकती है।
दूसरे दिन की डायरी (21 सितंबर, 2012 शुक्रवार) में लिखी समाचार से हमें मालूम होता है कि समीना इस दिन पाठशाला जाने तैयार है। लेकिन बारिश के कारण देर हो जाती हैं।
पाठशाला में उसे आज लोमडी की कहानी लिखनी थी। लेकिन उसे कुछ न समझ में आया। उसने डर के मारे अध्यापिका से कुछ नहीं पूछा। अध्यापिका ने उसे स्कूल न आने का कारण पूछकर उसे हर दिन स्कूल आने को समझाती है। श्याम और सायना तो कहानी लिख देते। रवि और इरफ़ान एक दूसरे के बाल खींचने के कारण अध्यापिका उन्हें डांटती हैं।
दस मिनिट की छुट्टी में समीना, शमीम खूब सारे बातें करते हैं। शाम को खूब खेलते हैं।
तीसरे दिन की डायरी (22 सितंबर, 2012 शनिवार) में लिखे समाचार से हमें यह मालूम होता है कि उस दिन पाठशाला में पाठशाला सामिति की बैठक हुई। सरपंच और प्रधानाध्यापक जी बातचीत की। इसमें बच्चों के लिए शिक्षा का अधिकार कानून जो भारत सरकार के द्वारा 01 अप्रैल, 2010 से अमल में लाया गया। उसके बारे में बातचीत हुई। इसमें प्रधानाध्यापक जी बताते हैं कि 06 से 16 वर्ष के सभी बच्चों को निशुल्क अनिवार्य शिक्षा पाने का अधिकार है।
में आशा करता हूँ कि तुम भी इसे अवश्य पढे।
बडों को मेरा नमस्कार।

तुम्हारा प्यारा मित्र,
××××

पता :
के. कैलाश,
पिता. कुटुंबराव,
घर – 10-20-30,
मंदिर वीधि, हैदराबाद।

प्रशंसा :

अ. डायरी लिखना अच्छी आदत है, इस पर अपने विचार लिखिए।
उत्तर :
डायरी लिखना अच्छी आदत है। दिन में घटी सभी घटनाओं के बारे में सूक्ष्म रूप से डायरी में लिखते हैं। इससे हमें यह जानकारी मिलती है हम किस दिन क्या किये हैं। देश के महान लोग जो भी हुए वे सभी डायरी लिखने का आदत रखते थे। डायरी लिखने से हर दिन हमने क्या कार्य किये हैं, उनमें अच्छे कितने हैं बुरे कितने हैं। इसका आत्म विश्लेषण कर सकते हैं। हमारे व्यवहार में परिवर्तन ला सकते हैं। मुख्य विषय, तिथि उसमें लिख सकते हैं। उस साल घटी सभी घटनाओं को हम जब चाहे तब पढ़ सकते हैं।

वर्यिजना कार्य :

अ. अपनी पाठशाला के पुस्तकालय से किसी महापुरुष की डायरी पढ़िए। उसके मुख्य अंश लिखिए।
उत्तर :
हमारी पाठशाला के पुस्तकालय से ‘गाँधीजी की आत्मकथा’ नामक एक किताब मिली है। उसमें ‘मेरा छात्र जीवन” एक है। इसमें गाँधीजी के छात्र जीवन के कुछ अंश वर्णित हैं। बचपन में गाँधीजी का मन व्यायाम में, खेल में, क्रिकेट में नही लगता था। इसका एक कारण गाँधीजी का झेंपूपन था। लेकिन अब बडे होने के बाद गाँधीजी बहुत पछताते थे। और इस प्रकार कहते थे कि “अब मैं देखता हूँ कि कसरत की ओर वह अरुचि मेरी भूल थी। उस समय मेरे गलत विचार थे कि कसरत का शिक्षा से कोई संबंध नहीं है।बाद में मेंने समझा कि व्यायाम और शारीरिक शिक्षा के लिए भी विद्याध्ययन में उतना ही स्थान होना चाहिए जितना मानसिक शिक्षा को है। इस प्रकार गाँधीजी ‘मेरा छात्र – जीवन’ नामक आत्म कथा में व्यायाम के संबंध में अपने विचार व्यक्त किए हैं।

भाषा की बात :

अ. नीचे दिया गया अनुच्छेद पढ़िए।
उत्तर :
एक सप्ताह से मैं पाठशाला नहीं गयी थी – माँ का काम जो करना पड़ता था। आज मैं पाठशाला जाना चाहती थी। पता नहीं गुरूजी ने क्या-क्या पढ़ा दिया होगा? और फिर ममता, रवि, शमीम से भी तो कई दिनों से नहीं मिली। पर दीदी ने कहा कि माँ की बीमारी के बाद आज काम पर जाने का उनका पहला दिन है। इसलिए तू यहीं रहकर मेरी मदद कर। वैसे तो में दीदी की सहायता हमेशा करती हूँ। जो भी हो काम ज़्यादा होने के कारण आज मैं स्कूल नहीं जा पायी। काम करते – करते दिन कैसे गुज़र गया, इसका पता ही नहीं चला।
ऊपर दिये अनुच्छेद में आज, यहीं, वैसे और ज़्यादा जैसे क्रिया – विशेषण के भेदों के उदाहरण हैं। क्रिया-विशेषण के चार भेद हैं –

1. स्थानवाचक क्रिया – विशेषण : जो क्रिया की स्थान संबंधी विशेषता प्रकट करते है, उसे स्थानवाचक क्रिया-विशेषण कहते है। उदा : रामू यहाँ बैठता है।
2. कालवाचक क्रिया – विशेषण : जो क्रिया के होने का समय बतायें, उसे कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण कहते हैं। उदा : रामू आज आता है।
3. परिमाणवाचक क्रिया – विशेषणः जो क्रिया के परिमाण को प्रकट करें, उसे परिमाणवाचक क्रिया – विशेषण कहते है। उदा : रामू बहुत खेलता है।
4. रीतिवाचक क्रिया – विशेषण : जो क्रिया के रीति का संकेत करें, उसे रीतिवाचक क्रियाविशेषण कहते है। उदा : रामू ऐसा खेलता है।

क्रिया-विशेषण भेदों का प्रयोग करते हुए पाँच वाक्य लिखिए।
उत्तर :
1. यहाँ लड़कियाँ आपस में डाँटने लरी।
2. कल में ज़रूर यह काम करूँगा।
3. अधिक भोजन मत खाइए।
4. जैसे काम करें, वैसे ही फल मिले।
5. वह जोर दार भाषण दे रहा है।

विचार – विमर्श :

बच्चों की सुरक्षा के लिए सरकार ने POCSO कानून बनाया। जिसमें बच्चों को तंग करने, शारीरिक और व्यक्तिगत नियम तोडने पर कई साल की सज़ा है। यदि कोई जानबूझकर इन्हें तोडे तो हमारा दोष नहीं। उसे हम ‘नहीं’, ‘रुको’ कह सकते हैं। मौका मिलने पर दूर जाकर किसी भरोसेमंद बड़े व्यक्ति की रहायता से असुरक्षित व्यक्ति से वच सकते हैं। ऐसे असुरक्षित व्यक्ति को उसके व्यवहार पर शर्मिदगी नी चाहिए। इन्हें रोकें। ऐसे कौन-कौन से सुरक्षित व्यक्ति है जिनसे तुम सहायता ले सकते हो?
उत्तर : द्यार्थी कृत्य।

Essential Material for Examination Purpose :

I. पढ़ो :
पठित – गद्यांश :

नीचे दिये गये गद्यांश को पढ़कर प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक वाक्य में लिखिए।

1. आज माँ की तबीयत कुछ टीक है । सुबह जब में उठी तो देखा कि बे काम पर निकल चुकीं थीं। एक सप्ताह से मैं पाठशाला नहीं गयी थी – माँ का काम जो करना पड़ता था । आज में पाटशाला जाना चाहती थी । पता नहीं गुरुजी ने क्या – क्या पढ़ा दिया होगा ? और फिर ममता, रचि, शमीम से भी तो कई दिनों से नहीं मिली। पर दीदी ने कहा कि माँ की बीमारी के बाद आज काम पर जाने का उनका पहला दिन है । इसलिए तू यहाँ रहकर मेरी मदद कर । बैसे तो में दीदी की सहायता हमेशा करती हूँ। जो भी हो काम ज्यादा होने के कारण आज मैं स्कूल नहीं जा पायी। काम करते – करते दिन कैसे गुज़र गया, इसका पता ही नहीं चला ।

प्रश्न :
1. किसकी तबीयत खराब थी ?
2. वह कितने दिनों से पाठशाला नहीं गई थी ?
3. दोस्तों के नाम क्या थे ?
4. . वह किसकी सहायता हमेशा करती थी ?
5. यह गद्यांश किस पाठ से है?
उत्तर :
1. माँ की तबीयत खराब थी।
2. वह एक सप्ताह से पाठशाला नहीं गई थी।
3. उसके दोस्तों के नाम ममता, रवि और शमीम थे।
4. वह अपनी दीदी की सहायता हमेशां करती थी ।
5. यह गद्यांश ‘बढ़ते कदम’ पाठ से है।

II. लोमड़ी की कहानी लिखनी थी। मुझे तो कुछ समझ में नहीं आ रहा था कि क्या करना है । पहले डर के मारे पूछा नहीं । फिर थोड़ी देर बाद पूछा तो अध्यापिका जी ने मेरी ओर देखते हुए पूछा – “समीना ! कल तुम क्यों नहीं आयी ?”‘ तो में ने उन्हें पाठशाला न आने का कारण बताया। तब उन्होंने मुझे हर दिन पाठशाला आने के लिए समझाया। फिर कहानी पढ़ने को कहा। में पढ़ने लगी। मज़ेदार लगी। में तो पढ़ ही रही थी पर श्याम और सायना ने तो अपनी कहानी उत्तर – पुस्तिका में लिख भी ली थी।

प्रश्न :
1. किसकी कहानी लिखनी थी ?
2. यह डायरी कौन लिख रही है?
3. अध्यापिका ने समीना को क्या पढ़ने को कहा ?
4. समीना को कहानी कैसी लगी ?
5. किसने कहानी उत्तर पुस्तिका में लिख ली थी ?
उत्तरः
1. लोमड़ी की कहानी लिखनी थी।
2. यह डायरी समीना लिख रही है।
3. अध्यापिका ने समीना को कहानी पढ़ने को कहा।
4. समीना को कहानी मज़ेदार लगी।
5. श्याम और सायना ने कहानी उत्तर पुस्तिका में लिख ली थी।

अपठित – गद्यांश :
निम्न लिखित गद्यांश पढ़कर दिये गये प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक वाक्य में दीजिए।

I. सरदार सुजानसिंह देवगढ रियासत के दीवान थे। राजा भी अपने इस नीतिकुशल दीवान का आदर करते थे। चालीस वर्ष तक सेबा करने के बाद एक दिन सुजानसिंह ने राजा के पास आकर प्रार्थना की – मुझे सेवानियृत्ति देने की कृपा करें। यह सुनकर राजा ने नये दीवान चुनने का भार सुजानसिंह को ही सौंप दिया।

प्रश्न :
1. सुजान सिंह कौन थे ?
2. सुजानसिंह ने कितने वर्ष तक सेवा की ?
3. मुझे सेवा निवृत्ति देने की बात किसने कही ?
4. नये दीवान चुनने का भार सुजानसिंह को किसने सौंपा ?
5. सुजानसिंह किस रियासत के दीवान थे ?
उत्तर:
1. सुजान सिंह देवगढ़ रियासत के दीवान थे।
2. सुजान सिंह ने चालीस वर्ष तक सेवा की।
3. सेवा निवृत्ति देने की बात दीवान सुजान सिंह ने की।
4. नये दीवान चुनने का भार सुजान सिंह को राजा ने सौंपा।
5. सुजानसिंह देवगढ़ रियासत के दीवान थे।

II. यमुना के तट पर खडा लालकिला एक ऐतिहासिक किला है। इसकी जीवन कथा बडी रोचक है। मुगल बादशाह शाहजहाँ ने आगरे की गर्मी से ऊबकर एक गर्म जगह खोजने का हुकुम दिया। तदनुसार दिल्ली शहर के बाहर यमुना के किनारे एक स्थान चुना गया। वह नूरगढ नाम से प्रसिद्ध था और वहाँ मुगल सेना का जमाव होता था। वहीं 12 मई, 1639 ई. को लालकिले की नींव डाली गयी। इसके निर्माण के लिए देश के कुशल कारीगरों और सिल्पियों को बुलाया गया और लाल पत्थर तथा संगमरमर दूर – दूर से लाये गये।

प्रश्न :
1. लालकिला कहाँ है?
2. लालकिले को किसने बनवाया ?
3. लालकिला किस नाम से प्रसिद्ध है ?
4. लालकिला नींव कब हुई ?
5. लालकिला किस पत्थर से बनाया गया ?
उत्तर:
1. लाल किला दिल्की शहर के बाहर यमुना नदी के तट पर है।
2. लाल किले को मुगल बादशाह शाहजहाँ ने बनवाया।
3. लाल किला नूरगढ़ नाम से प्रसिद्ध है।
4. लाल किला की नीव 12 मई, 1639 ई को हुई।
5. लाल किला लाल पत्थर और संगमरमर से बनाया गया।

II. लिखो :

लघु प्रश्न :

प्रश्न 1.
तुम अपनी पाठशाला में क्या – क्या करते हो?
उत्तर :
में अपनी पाठशाला में अध्यापकों के पाठ सुनता हूँ। छात्रों से खूब खलेता हूँ। खाली समय में दोस्तों के साथ विज्ञान संबंधित या गणित के बारे में बातचीत करता हूँ।

प्रश्न 2.
समीना की कक्षा में और तुम्हारी कक्षा में क्या अंतर है ? बताओ।
उत्तर :
समीना की कक्षा तो छोटी हैं। मेरी कक्षा तो बडी है। हमारी कक्षा में साठ लडके और पैंतीस लडकियाँ है। बहुत बडा श्यामपट है।

प्रश्न 3.
समीना अध्यापक से डर रही थी। क्यों?
उत्तर :
जब समीना एक सप्ताह के बाद स्कूल गई तब स्कूल में लोमडी की कहानी लिखनी थी। उसे तो कुछ भी समझ में नहीं आया। समीना इस प्रकार सोचती है कि अगर वह्, कहानी के बारे में पूछे तो अध्यांपिका डाँटेगी। इसलिए वह् डर रही थी।

लघु निबंध प्रश्न :

प्रश्न 1.
इस पाठ को अपने शब्दों में बताओ।
उत्तर :
यह एक डायरी पाठ है। इस डायरी को समीना ने लिखा है। इसका सारांश इस प्रकार है – समीना कुछ दिनों से (एक सप्ताह से) पाठशाला नहीं जाती है। उसकी माँ की तबीयत ठीक नहीं हैं। इसलिए वह घर में रहकर माँ के काम करती है।
आज ही उसकी माँ की तबीयत कुछ ठीक है समीना पाठशाला जाना चाहती है। तो उसकी दीदी आज एक दिन के लिए न जांने को कहती है।
समीना अपने दोस्त ममता, रवि और शमीम से भी नहीं मिलती। इसलिए पाठशाला में क्या पढ़ाया इसके बारे में उसे पता नहीं चलता।
शुक्रवार के दिन समीना पाठशाला गयी। वह वर्षा के कराण देर से पाठशाला पहुँची सब छात्र लोमडी की कहानी लिखते है। समीना चुप बैठी रही। तो अध्यापिका ने उससे पाठशाला न आने का कारण पूछकर समझाती है कि हर दिन पाठशाला जरूर आना श्याम और सायना कहानी लिख डाले। दस मिनिट की छुट्टी में सब खूब सारे बातें करते हैं। शाम को खूब खेलते हैं।
शनिवार के दिन तो पाठशाला में पाठशाला समिति की बैठक होती है। सरपंच भी आते हैं। सरपंच और प्रधानाध्यापक दोनों ने बारी -बारी में छात्रों से बातचीत करते हैं।
उन दोनों ने 01 अप्रैल, 2010 से भारत सरकार से अमल में लाये शिक्षा का अधिकार कानन के बारे में बातचीत करते हैं। निशुल्क शिक्षा के बारे में बताते हैं। सरकार का नारा -‘सब पढे-सव वते के बारे में वे बताते हैं।

సారాంశము :

20 సెప్టెంబరు, 2012,
గురువారం
ఈరోజు అమ్మ. ఆరోగ్యం కొంచెం బాగున్నది. ఉదయాన్నే నేను లేచినప్పుడు ఆమె పని మీద వెళ్ళడం నేను చూచితిని. ఒక వారం రోజుల నుండి నేను పాఠశాలకు వెళ్ళుటలేదు. అమ్మ పని చేయవలసి వచ్చుచున్నది. ఈరోజు నేను బడికి వెళ్ళదలచితిని. గురువుగారు ఏమేమి చదివించారో తెలీదు. అంతేకాక మమత, రవి, శమీమ్లను కూడా చాలా రోజులనుండి నేను కలవలేదు. అమ్మ జబ్బు పడిన తర్వాత ఈరోజు తను పనికి వెళ్ళడం మొదటి రోజు కదా ! అందువల్ల నీవు ఇక్కడే ఉండి నాకు సహాయం చేయమని అక్క నాతో అన్నది. నేను అక్కకు ఎల్లప్పుడూ సహాయం చేస్తూనే ఉంటాను అనుకోండి. ఏది ఏమైనప్పటికీ పని ఎక్కువగా ఉన్నందున నేను ఈరోజు బడికి వెళ్ళలేకపోయాను. పనిచేస్తూ చేస్తూ రోజు ఎలా గడచిపోయిందో నాకు తెలవనే తెలవదు.
21 సెప్టెంబరు, 2012
శుక్రవారం
ఈరోజు నేను పాఠశాలకు బయలుదేరినప్పుడు వర్షం సన్నసన్నగా పడుచున్నది. వర్షం ఆగేంతవరకు ఉండడం. వలన ఆలస్యమైనది. సమయం పది గంటలైనది. నేను సంచి తీసుకుని బడికి పరుగెత్తాను. అయినప్పటికీ ఆలస్యమైనది. అందరూ తమ తమ పనులలో నిమగ్నమైయుండిరి.
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నక్క కథ వ్రాయవలసి ఉన్నది. నేనేమి చేయాలో నాకు అర్థం కావడం లేదు. మొదట భయం కారణంగా అడగలేదు. కొంచెం సమయం తర్వాత అడిగితే ఉపాధ్యాయురాలు నా వైపు చూస్తూ “సమీనా ! నిన్న నీవు ఎందుకు రాలేదు? ” అని అడిగెను. అప్పుడు నేను పాఠశాలకు రాని కారణం చెప్పితిని. అప్పుడు ఆమె నన్ను ప్రతిరోజు పాఠశాలకు రావలసినదిగా నచ్చచెప్పినారు మళ్ళీ కథ చదవమని చెప్పినారు.
నేను చదవసాగాను. మజాగా అనిపించింది. నేను చదువుతూ ఉండగానే శ్యామ్ మరియు సాయ్ని ఇరువురు తమ సమాధాన పత్రాలలో కథ వ్రాసివేసిరి. వాళ్ళు ఉపాధ్యాయురాలికి చూపించసాగిరి. రవి, ఇర్ఫాన్లిద్దరూ అదే సమయంలో ఒకరి జుట్టు మరొకరు గుంజుకొనుచుండిరి (పీక్కొనుచుండిరి.) ఉపాధ్యాయురాలు వారిని తిట్టినది.
ఇంతలో పది నిమిషాల విరామం లభించింది. నేను శమీమ్ మరియు మమతలతో బాగా మాట్లాడితిని. సాయంత్రం బాగా ఆడుకొంటిమి. రోజు ఎలా గడిచినదో తెలియనే తెలీదు.

22 సెప్టెంబరు, 2012
శనివారం
నేను ఈరోజు సమయానికి పాఠశాల చేరితిని. పాఠశాలలో పాఠశాల సమితి సమావేశం ఉన్నది. సర్పంచ్ కూడా వచ్చియుండిరి. మమ్మల్నందరినీ వరండాలో కూర్చోబెట్టిరి. ప్రధానోపాధ్యాయులు మరియు సర్పంచ్గా రులిరువురూ వంతుల వారీగా మాతో మాట్లాడిరి. ప్రధానోపాధ్యాయులవారు భారత ప్రభుత్వం 01 ఏప్రిల్, 2010 నుండి పిల్లల విద్యాహక్కు చట్టం అమలులోకి వచ్చినది. ఈ చట్టం అనుసరించి 6 నుండి 14 సం॥ల వయస్సు గల పిల్లలందరికి ఉచిత అనివార్య విద్యను పొందు అధికారం కలదు. వారికి తమ చదువు నిమిత్తం ఒక పైసా కూడా ఖర్చు పెట్టవలసిన అవసరం లేదు. భారత ప్రభుత్వం ప్రతి పిల్లవాని ముఖాన సంతోషాన్ని చూడగోరుచున్నది. అప్పుడే సాయ్నీ ప్రధానో పాధ్యాయుల వారిని “ప్రభుత్వం మన కోసం ఏమేమి సౌకర్యాలను కల్పించుచున్నది?” అని ప్రశ్నించెను. అప్పుడు ప్రధానోపాధ్యాయుల వారు అతనిని ప్రశ్నించినందులకు పొగిడిరి. ఇంకా ఆయన అన్నారు కదా ప్రభుత్వం పౌష్టిక భోజనం, బాలికా విద్య, ఆటవస్తువులు, ఆటస్థలము, దుస్తులు, ఉచిత పాఠ్యపుస్తకాలు మరియు వివిధ రకాల సౌకర్యాలు మరియు ప్రోత్సాహాలను కల్పించుచున్నది. ప్రభుత్వం భారత ప్రతి పౌరుడు విద్యావంతుడు కావాలని కోరుకుంటోంది. నూటికి నూరు శాతం అక్షరాస్యతను కోరుచున్నది. ప్రభుత్వం యొక్క నినాదం ఏమనగా ‘అందరూ చదవాలి అందరూ ఎదగాలి’. ఏ రోజున భారతదేశపు ప్రతి పిల్లవాడు చదువుకొని మంచి పౌరుడవుతాడో ఆ రోజునే మన దేశంలోని మహాపురుషుల కలలు సాకారమౌతాయి (నెరవేరతాయి). జైహింద్.

ప్రధానోపాధ్యాయుల వారి మాటలు విని మేమందరం కరతాళధ్వనులు చేసితిమి. నేను ఈ రోజు చాలా సంతోషంగా ఉన్నాను. నేను ఇంటికి తిరిగి వచ్చి తల్లిదండ్రులకు, అక్కకు ప్రధానోపాధ్యాయులవారు చెప్పిన అన్ని విషయాలను చెప్పితిని.

वचन :

• बच्चा – बचे
• पुस्तक – पुस्तके
• बीमारी – बीमार्टियां
• पाठशाला – पाठशालाएँ
• लडका – लडके
• पैसा – पैसे
• बात – बाते
• कहानी – कह्मानियाँ
• छुी – छद्टियाँ
• सुविधा – सविधाएँ
• पुरुष – पुरुष
• गुर – गुरुजन
• खुीशी – खुशियाँ

लिंग :

• गुरु – गुरुआनी
• माँ – बाप
• पुरुष – स्ती
• नर – मादा
• प्राध्यापक – प्राध्यापिका
• बच्चा – बच्ची
• माता – पिता
• बालक – बालिका
• अध्यापक – अध्यापिका
• प्रधानाध्यापक – प्रधानाध्यापिका
• पुत्र – पुत्री
• छात्र – छात्रा

पर्यायवाची शब्द :

• कानून – शासन
• शिक्षा – विद्या
• प्रश्न – सवाल
• माता – मॉं, जननी
• सुबह – प्रातः काल
• बारिश – वर्षा
• वर्ष – उम्र
• पढ़ाई – विद्या
• प्रशंसा – स्तुति
• पिता – बाप
• गुरु – अध्यापक
• कहानी – कथा
• बच्चे – लड़के
• प्रधानाध्यापक – प्राध्यापक, हेडमारटर
• खेल – क्रीडा
• तबीयत – तंदुरुस्त, स्वारथ्य
• पाठशाला – स्कूल, मदरसा
• उत्तर – जवाब

उल्टे शब्द :

• आज × कल
• हल्का × जोर
• खुशी × दुखी
• शिक्षित × अशिक्षित
• ठीक × गलत
• डर × निडर
• सुविधा × असुविधा
• सुबह × शाम
• साकार × निराकार
• शुल्क × निशुल्क
• प्रशंसा × निदा
• पहला × अंतिम, आख़िरी

उपसर्ग :

• पाठशाला – पाठ
• विविध – वि
• पढ़ाई – पढ़
• निशुल्क – नि
• साकार – सा
• मज़ेदार – मजे
• अनुसार – अनु
• पेयजल – पेय
• प्रतिशत – प्रति
• अधिकार – अधि
• अनिवार्य – अ
• सुविधा – सु
• साक्षरता – सा

प्रत्यय :

• नागरिक – इक
• साक्षरता – ता
• साकार – कार
• बीमारी – ई
• शिक्षित – इत
• प्रतिशत – शत
• बैठक – क
• सहायता – ता
• पढ़ाई – आई
• पौष्टिक – इक
• मज़ेदार – दार

संधि :

• समझाना = समझ + आना
• निशुल्क = नि: + शुल्क
• साक्षरता = स + अक्षरता
• साकार = स + आकार
• प्रधानाध्यापक = प्रधान + अध्यापक
• नागरिक = नागर + इक
• मह्रापुरुष = महा + पुरुष

वाक्य प्रयोग :

1. मदद – मैं हमेशा अपनी माँ की मदद करती हूँ।
2. छुट्टी – अभी दस मिनिट की छुट्टी दी गयी।
3. अधिकार – हर एक नागरिक को कई अधिकार मिलते हैं।
4. साकार – हरिश्चंद्र सत्य का साकार रूप हैं।

मुहावरे वाले शब्द :

1. भागना = दूर जाना, पीछे हट जाना।
वह समस्याओं से सदा दूर भाग जाता है।
2. देर हो जाना =नियत समय के बाद में
पाठशाला जाने में मुझे आज बहुत देर हो गयी।
3. समझा जाना = निपटना
सारी बातें अध्यापिका जी से समझा जायेगी।
4. यश फैलना = नाम कमाना
हम अच्छे काम किये तो मृत्यु के बाद भी हमारी यश फैलेगी।

शब्दार्थ (అర్ధములు) (Meanings) :

Telangana SCERT TS 8th Class Hindi Guide Pdf 11th Lesson हार के आगे जीत है Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 8th Class Hindi 11th Lesson Questions and Answers Telangana हार के आगे जीत है

प्रश्न :

प्रश्न 1.
चित्र में क्या दिखाई दे रहा है ?
उत्तर :
चित्र में अपाहिज लोगों का फुटबॉल खेल दिखायी दे रहा है।

प्रश्न 2.
वे क्या कर रहे हैं ?
उत्तर :
वे सभी फुटबॉल खेल खेल रहे हैं।

प्रश्न 3.
इसे देखने पर हमारे मन में क्या विचार उठते हैं ?
उत्तर :
इसे देखने पर हमारे मन में यह विचाए उठते हैं कि अपाहिजों को भी मन होता है, कुछ आशाएँ ओर आकांक्षाएँ होती हैं। उन आशाओं और आकांक्षाओं को सफल बनाने में हमें उन्हें सहयोग देना चाहिए।

सुनो – बोलो :

प्रश्न 1.
पाठ का शीर्षक कैसा लगा और क्यों?
उत्तर :
पाठ का शीर्षक “हार क आगे जीत है” सही लगा। क्योंकि हर हार के आगे जीत अवश्य होता है। यदि आज हारे तो कल गा एक न एक दिन जरूर जीत मिलेगी।

प्रश्न 2.
शारीरिक रूप से कमः गोर लोगों को किन कठिनाइयों का सामना करना पडता है ?
उत्तर :
शरीरिक रूप से कमज़ो लोगों को कई कठिनाइयों का सामना करना पडता है। वे किसी काम को नहीं कर सकते। न फिर सक। हैं। न चल सकते हैं। कुछ लोग ऐसे होते हैं, जो न सुन सकते हैंन बोल सकते और न देख सकते हैं। से लोग कहीं न जा सकते हैं।

पढ़ो :

अ. नीचे दिये गये वाक्य पढ़िए। किसने कहा बताइए।

वाक्य	किसने कहा ?
अ. मैं क्या कर सकती हूँ जबकि मैं चल ही नहीं पाती हूँ?	विल्मा
आ. दौड़ की कला मैं तुम्हें सिखाऊँगा।	टेंपल
इ. जमीन पर अपने कदम सीधे नहीं रख पायेगी।	डॉक्टर

आ. चित्र देखिए। उससे जुडे वाक्य पाठ में दूँढ़िए। रेखांकित कीजिए।

उत्तर :
…………. उसको चार वर्ष की उम्र में पोलियो हो गया था। तब से वह बैसाखियों के सहारे चलती थी। डॉक्टरों ने जवाब दे दिया था कि वह कभी भी ज़मीन पर अपने कदम सीधे नहीं रख पायेगी।
…………. पहली दौड़ 100 मीटर की थी। इसमें विल्मा ने जुत्ता को हराकर अपना पहला स्वर्ण पदक जीता। दूसरी दौड़ 200 मीटर की थी। इसमें भी विल्मा ने जुत्ता को दूसरी बार हराया और उसने दूसरा स्वर्ण पदक जीता।
………… विल्मा ने गिरी हुई बेटन उठायी और यंत्र की तरह तेज़ी से दौड़ी तथा जुत्ता को तीसरी बार भी हराया और अपना तीसरा स्वर्ण पदक जीता।
………….. यह उसके कठोर परिश्रम का ही परिणाम था कि उसने 1960 के के रोम ओलम्पिक में 100 व 200 मीटर की दौड़ और 400 मीटर की रिले दौड़ में स्वर्ण पदक जीते । और एक ही ओलम्पिक में तीन स्वर्ण पदक जीते । और एक ही ओलम्पिक में तीन स्वर्ण पदक जीतने वाली पहली अमेरिकी एथलीट बनी।

लिखो :

अ. नीचे दिये गये प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए।

प्रश्न 1.
विल्मा की माँ ने उसे प्रेरणा नहीं दी होती तो क्या होता ? सोचकर लिखो।
उत्तर :
विल्मा की माँ प्रेरणा नहीं दी होती तो विल्मा ऐसी अपाहिज की तरह् ही रह जाती थी। विल्मा की सफलता में उसकी माँ का बडा हाथ था। माँ सदा उसके साथ रहकर उसमें आत्मविश्वास जगाती रही। इस प्रकार विल्मा की सफलता में उसकी माँ की प्रेरणा अधिक थी।

प्रश्न 2.
विल्मा का जीवन प्रेरणादायक है। कैसे?
उत्तर :
विल्मा का जीवन बडा प्रेरणादायक है। पोलियो से पीडित होकर बैसाखियों से चलनेवाली होने पर भी ओलंपिक क्रीडाओं में भाग लेकर एक ही ओलंपिक में तीन स्वर्ण पदक पायी।
इसलिए हम कह सकेंगें कि विल्मा का जीवन प्रेरणादायक है।

आ. इस पाठ का सारांश अपने शब्दों में लिखिए।
उत्तर :
विल्मा ग्लोडियन रुडाल्फ़ का जन्म सन् 1940, जून 23 को अमेरिका के टेनेसी प्रांत में एक रेलवे मजदूर के घर में हुआ। विल्मा की माँ घर-घर जाकर झाडू पोछा लगाती थी। विल्मा नौ वर्ष तक ज़मीन पर कभी पाँव रखकर नहीं चल सकी। क्योंकि उसको 4 वर्ष की उम्र में पोलियो हो गया था। तब से वह बैसाखियों के सहारे चलती थी। उसकी माँ बडी धर्मपरायण और सकारात्मक मनोवृत्ति वाली साहसी महिला थी।
विल्मा दुनिया की सबसे तेज़ धावक बनने की इच्छा व्यक्त की। तो माँ ने उसे प्रोत्साहन दी। माँ ने उससे कहा कि “ईश्वर में विश्वास, स्वयं पर भरोसा, मेहनत और लगन से तुम सब कुछ प्राप्त कर सकते हो।”
माँ की प्रेरणा व हिम्मत से 9 वर्ष की उम्र में बैसाखियाँ उतार फेंकी और चलना प्रारंभ किया। इस प्रयन्न में कई बार ज़ख्मी हुई, दर्द झेली। उसने हिम्मत नहीं हारी। आखिर वह बैसाखियों के बिना चलने में कामयाब हो गयी।
इस प्रकार वह पहली दौड प्रतियोगिता में, उसके बाद दूसरी, तीसरी और चोथी दौड प्रतियोगिताओं में भी आखिरी स्थान पायी।
15 वर्ष की उम्र में विल्मा टेनेसी स्टेट विश्वविद्यालय गयी। वहाँ वह एड टेंपल नाम के एक कोच से मिली। उससे दौड की कला सीखने लगी।
आखिर वह दिन आया। विल्मा ओलंपिक में हिस्सा ली। 100 मीटर, 200 मीटर और 400 मीटर की रिले रेस में जुत्ता से मुकाबला करके तीनों में ख्वर्ण पदक पाया। इस प्रकार 1960 के रोम ओलंपिक में दुनिया की सबसे तेज़ धावक बन गयी। वह उसके कठोर परिश्रम का परिणाम था।

शब्द भंडार :

अ. अर्थ लिखिए।
जैसे – धावक – जो तेज़ दोड़ता है, उसे धावक कहते हैं।
ओलंपिक, रिले दौड़, बेटन, पोलियो

	अर्थ
धावक	जो तेज़ दौडता है, उसे धावक कहते हैं।
ओलंपिक	सन् 776.सी. ने ग्रीक देश में ओलंपिया प्रांत में ओलंपिक प्रारंभ हुआ ।
रिले दौड़	दो या दो से अधिक प्रतियोगी एक दल बनकर निश्चित दूरी को बाँटते हुए दौड़ पूरा करते हैं।
बेटन	रिले दौड़ में काम आनेवाला लोहे का कोखला ड़ंडा
पोलियो	यह एक ऐसी बीमारी है जिसकी वजह से चल नहीं सकते।

आ. भारतीय ओलंपिक विजेताओं के चित्र देखो। किसी एक के वारे में लिखिए।

उत्तर :
1. कसाबा दादू साहेब जादव :कसाबा दादू साहेब जादव” भारत देश की ओर से प्रथम ओलम्पिक विजेता।
2. लिएंडर एड्रियन पेस : लिएंडर एड्रियन पेस (बंगाली 17 जून) 1973 में ज़न्मे एक भारतीय पेशेवर टेनिस खिलाडी है जो वर्तमान में सुविधाओं डबल्स में घटनाओं एटीपी दूर और डेविस कप टूर्नामेंट, सात युगल और छह मिश्रित युगल ग्रेंड स्लैंम खिताब जीता है वह भारत का सर्वोच खेल सम्मान के प्राप्तकर्ता है। राजीव गाँधी खेल रत्र पुरसकार 1996-1997 में, अर्जुन पुरस्कार, 1990 में अपने उत्कृष्ट योगदान के लिए भारत में टेनिस और पद्म पुरखकार 2001 में, पेस पुरुष युगल में 2012 में ओंस्ट्रेलियन ओपन जीतने के बाद करियर ग्रेंड स्लैम पूरा किया।
3. कर्णम मलेश्षरी : एक भारतीय भारोत्तोलक। उसे पहली बार वह ‘राष्ट्रीय जूनियर चैम्पियनशिप वज़न उठाने भाग लिया, और पहले खड़ी थी।
4. राजवर्धन सिंह राठौर: राजवर्धन सिंह राठौर (29 जनवरी 1970 में जन्म, जैसलमेर, राज्यस्थान) एक भारतीय शूटर जो पुरुषों में रजत पदक जीता डबल ट्रैप में 2004 के ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलंपिक।
5. विजयेंदर : भारतीय स्टार मुक्केबाज़ विजयेंदर सिंह 75 किलोग्राम वर्ग के कार्टर फ़ाइनल में पहुँच गए हैं। विजयेंदर … पहले राउंड में विजयेंदर सिंह ज़्यादा आक्रमक नही रहे बल्कि उन्होंने विरोधी को पढ़ते हुए जवाबी हमलों पर ध्यान दिया।

परियोजना कार्य :

तुम अपने मनपसंद खिलाड़ी के बारे में नीचे दी गयी जानकारियाँ लिखो।
1. खिलाड़ी का नाम, 2. खेल, 3. कितने वर्षों से खेल रहा है?, 4. सम्मान, 5. क्यों पसंद है?

1. खिलाड़ी का नाम	सचिन रमेश टोडूल्कर
2. खेल	क्रिकेट
3. कितने वर्षों से खेल रहा है ?	पच्चीस – तीस
4. सम्मान	संसद सदस्यता दी गयी ।
5. क्यों पसंद है ?	क्रिकेट की दुनिया में सौ शतक पाये।

प्रशंसा :

खेल में हार – जीत लगी रहती है। हार के प्रति आप कैसी प्रतिक्रिया व्यक्त करोगे?
उत्तर :
खेल में हार – जीत लगी रहती है। हार के प्रति मैं इस प्रकार अपनी प्रतिक्रिया को व्यक्त करूँगा – खेल में दो पक्ष होते हैं। एक जीतेगा और दूसरा हारेगा। इसमें नाराज़गी या वैर भाव की क्या बात ? इस बार हार जाए तो अगली बार जीतूँगा। जीतने की कोशिश करूँगा। विपक्षी अगर जीतता है तो उसके खेल को समझूँगा और उसकी सराहना करूँगा। अपनी हार से भी सीखूँगा और अपनी जीत से भी सीखूँगा।

सृजनात्मक अभिव्यक्ति :

विल्मा का साक्षात्कार लेने के लिए एक प्रश्नावली तैयार कीजिए।
उत्तर :
1. क्या आपकी माता जी से ही आपको प्रेरणा मिली है ?
2. आप किस कक्षा से चलने योग्य बने ?
3. आपका पहला धावक कब शुरू हुआ?
4. आप किस साल के ओलिंपिक में भाग ली थी ?
5. आप जैसे अपाहिजों को आपका संदेश क्या है ?
6. ख्वर्ण पदक जीतने पर आपकी अनुभव कैसी थी ?

भाषा की बात :

रेखांकित शब्द के स्थान पर बेटा, भाई, वहन, मित्र, छात्र शब्दों का प्रयोग करते हुए वाक्य फिर से लिखिए।
“मेरी बेटी, जो तुम चाहो प्राप्त कर सकती हो।”
जैसे : “मेरे बेटे, जो तुम चाहो प्राप्त कर सकते हो।”
उत्तर :
“मेरे भाई, जो तुम चाहो प्राप्त कर सकते हो।”
” मेरी बहन, जो तुम चाहो प्राप्त कर सकती हो।”
“मेरे मित्र, जो तुम चाहो प्राप्त कर सकते हो।”
“मेरे छात्र, जो तुम चाहो प्राप्त कर सकते हो।”

Essential Material for Examination Purpose : 

1. पढ़ो :
पठित – गद्यांश

नीचे दिये गये गद्यांश को पढ़कर प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक वाक्य में लिखिए।

माँ की प्रेरणा व हिम्मत से 9 वर्ष की विल्मा ने बैसाखियाँ उत्तर फेंकी ब चलना प्रारम्भ किया। अचानक बैसाखियाँ उतार देने के बाद चलने के प्रयास में कई बार ज़ख्मी होती रही, दर्द झेलती रही, लेकिन उसने हिम्मत नहीं हारी और कोई सहारा नहीं लिया गया। आखिरकार एक साल के बाद बह बिना बैसाखियों के चलने में कामयाब हो गयी। इस प्रकार आठयीं कक्षा में आते आते उसने अपनी पहली दौड़ प्रतियोगिता में हिस्सा लिया और बह सबसे पीछे रही।

प्रश्न :
1. किसकी प्रेरणा से विल्मा ने बैसाखियाँ फेंक दीं ?
2. विल्मा क्यों ज़स्मी होती रही ?
3. विल्मा को बिना बैसाखियों के चलना सीखने में कितना समय लगा ?
4. विल्मा ने किस कक्षा में पहली दौड़ प्रतियोगिता में भाग लिया ?
5. यह गद्यांश किस पाठ से है ?
उत्तर :
1. माँ की प्रेरणा से विल्मा ने बसाखियाँ फेंक दी।
2. बिना बैसाखियों के चलने के प्रयास में विल्मा ज़ख्मी होती रही।
3. विल्मा को बिना बैसाखियों के चलना सीखने में एक साल लगा।
4. विल्मा ने आठवी कक्षा में पहली दौड़ प्रतियोगिता में भाग लिया।
5. यह गद्यांश ‘हार के आगे जीत है’ पाठ से है।

II. यह उसके कठोर परिश्रम का ही परिणाम था कि उसने 1960 बे रोम ओलिम्पिक में 100 व 200 मीटर की दौड़ और 400 मीटर की रिले दौड़ में स्वर्ण זदक जीते । और एक ही ओलिम्पिक में तीन स्वर्ण पदक जीतने वाली पहली अमेरिकी एथलीट बनी। रोम से लौटने पर पूरा अमेरिका उस लड़की के स्वागत में खड़ा था, जो कभी अपने पैरों पर भी खड़ी नहीं हो सकत्ती थी। उन्हीं के बीच में थी उसकी माँ, जिसकी बजह से आन वह इस मुकाम पर पहुँची थी ।

प्रश्न :
1. उपर्युक्त पंक्तियाँ किसके बारे में है?
2. विल्मा किस देश की रहने वाली थी?
3. विल्मा ने ओलंपिक में कितने स्वर्ण पदक जीते ?
4. 1960 में ओलंपिक खेल कहाँ हुए थे ?
5. विल्मा को सफलता किसकी वजह से मिली थी ?
उत्तर :
1. उपर्युक्त पंक्तियाँ विल्मा के बारे में हैं।
2. विल्मा अमेरिका की रहने वाली थी।
3. विल्मा ने ओलंपिक में तीन स्वर्ण पदक जीते।
4. 1960 में ओलंपिक खेल रोम में हुए थे।
5. विल्मा को सफलता उसकी माँ की वजह से मिली थी।

III. अमेरिका के टेनेसी प्रान्त में एक रेलवे मज़दूर के घर में 23 जून, 1940 में बिल्मा ने जन्म लिया, जिसकी माँ घर – घर जाकर झाडू – पोछा लगाती थी। वह नौ वर्ष तक ज़मीन पर कभी पाँव रख कर नहीं चल सकी, क्योंकि उसको चार वर्ष उम्र में पोलियो हो गचा था। तब से बह बैसाखियों के सहारे चलती थी।

प्रश्न :
1. अमेरिका के किस प्रान्त में विल्मा का जन्म हुआ?
2. विल्मा का जन्म कब हुआ है?
3. विल्मा की माँ क्या करती थी ?
4. विल्मा को किस उम्र में पोलियो हो गया था ?
5. विल्मा किसके सहारे चलती थी ?
उत्तर :
1. अमेरिका के टेनेसी प्रान्त में विल्मा का जन्म हुआ।
2. विल्मा का जन्म 23 जून, 1940 में हुआ।
3. विल्मा की माँ घर – घर जाकर झाडू – पोछा करती थी।
4. विल्मा को चार वर्ष की उम्र में पोलियो हो गया था।
5. विल्मा बैसाखियों के सहारे चलती थी।

अपठित – गद्यांश :

नीचे दिये गये गद्यांश को पढ़कर प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक वाक्य में लिखिए।

I. मनुष्य एक सामाजिक प्राणी है। वह समाज में रहता है और समाज में ही जीवन यापन करता है। एक व्यक्ति के दूसरे व्यक्ति के साथ पारस्परिक संबंध होते हैं। कई व्यत्तियों के आपसी व्यवहार से एक समाज का निर्माण होता है। अतः व्यक्ति से समाज, समाज से राष्ट्र, राष्ट्र से राज्य और राज्य से विश्व की परिकल्पना होती है। इसीलिए हमारे यहाँ प्राचीन काल से ‘बसुधैब कुटुंबकमू’ की धारणा मान्य रही है। विश्य में मनुष्य के अपने आपसी ब्यवहार से व्यत्तितात संबंध बनते और बिगड़ते रहे हैं। मनुष्य के कई प्रकार के आपसी संबंधों में एक संबंध है लैंगिक संबंधा यह मनुष्य में एड्रस रोग का प्रमुख कारण है। विश्व को एड्स की बीमारी से दूर रखने के लिए आघश्यक है कि इस रोग के बारे में समाज में जागरूकता लाई जाए।

प्रश्न :
1. मनुष्य कहाँ रहता है और वह कहाँ जीवन यापन करता है ?
2. एक समाज का निर्माण कैसा होता है?
3. प्राचीन काल से किसकी धारणा मान्य रही है ?
4. मनुष्य के कई प्रकार के आपसी संबंधों में एक संबंध क्या है?
5. विश्व की परिकल्पना कैसी होती है?
उत्तर
1. मनुष्य समाज में रहता है और वह समाज में ही जीवन यापन करता है।
2. कई व्यक्तियों के आपसी व्यवहार से एक समाज का निर्माण होता है।
3. प्राचीन काल से “वसुधैव कुटुंबकम” की धारणा मान्य रही है।
4. मनुष्य के कई प्रकार के आपसी संबंधों में एक संबंध लैंगिक संबंध है।
5. व्यक्ति से समाज, समाज से राष्ट्र, राष्ट्र से राज्य और राज्य से विश्व की परिकल्पना होती है।

II. हमें तीन चीज़ों की ज़रूरत है – खाना, कपडा और मकान। खाने की चीज़े जैसे अनाज, तरकारी आदि हमें किसान देते हैं। किसान गाँवों में रहते हैं। बे पहले खेत जोतते हैं। बाद में पानी सींचते हैं और बीज बोते हैं। थोडे दिनों के बाद फ़सल काटते हैं और गाडियों में लादकर दुकानों को भेजते हैं। बहाँ से हम अनाज को खरीदकर खाते हैं। वे ही किसान तरकारी भी पैदा करते हैं।

प्रश्न :
1. किसान कहाँ रहते हैं?
2. हमें किन – किन चीज़ों की जरूरत हैं?
3. खाने की चीजें हमें कौन देते हैं?
4. हम अनाज को कहाँ से खरीदकर खाते हैं?
5. हमें किसान क्या – क्या देते हैं?
उत्तर :
1. किसान गाँव में रहते हैं।
2. हमें तीन चीजों की ज़रूरत है – खाना, कपडा और मकान।
3. खाने की चीज़ें हमें किसान देते हैं।
4. हम अनाज को दुकानों से खरीदकर खाते हैं।
5. हमें किसान खाने की चीज़ें जैसे अनाज, तरकारी आदि देते हैं।

II. लिखो :

लघु प्रश्न :

प्रश्न 1.
विल्मा की तुम्हें कौन – सी बात सबसे अच्छी लगी और क्यों ?
उत्तर :
विल्मा को चार वर्ष की उम्र में पोलियो हो गया था। डॉक्टरों ने अपनी निस्सहायता प्रकट करने पर भी उसने स्वयं पर भरोसा रखकर मेहनत और लगन से धैर्य के साथ बैसाखियाँ उतारकर चलना आरंभ किया। इस प्रयास में कई बार ज़खी होने पर भी अपने लक्ष्य को नहीं छोडना मुझे बहुत अच्छी लगी। क्योंकि वह अपनी माँ की बातों पर और खुद अपने पर विश्वास रखते हुए आगे बढी। और कामयाब हो गई।

प्रश्न 2.
पोलियो का विज्ञापन ‘दो बूँद ज़िंदंगी की’ से आप क्या समझते हैं?
उत्तर :
“दो बूंद ज़िंदगी की’ यह विज्ञापन बहुत सोच समझकर रखा गया है। पोलियो को समूल निर्मूलन करने की उद्देश्य से सरकार मुफ़्त में वैक्सिन दे रहा है। पाँच साल से कम उम्र के बच्चों के लिए दो बूँद देने से ज़िंदगी भर पोलियो से मुक्त रह सकते हैं।

प्रश्न 3.
अपने पैरों पर खडे होने का अर्थ पता लगाकर, दो वाक्य लिखो।
उत्तर :
अपने पैरों पर खडे के दो अर्थ बता सकते हैं। एक तो अपने पैरों पर खडे होने का अर्थ बिना सहारे अपने आप अपने पाँव पर खडे रहना। दूसरा तो यह है कि किसी दूसरों की सहायता के बिना अपने आप का पालन – पोषण करलेना भी अपने पैरों पर खडे होने का अर्थ है।

लघु निबंध प्रश्न :

प्रश्न 1.
ओलंपिक में विल्मा का मुकाबला किससे था ? इस मुकाबले में उसका प्रदर्शन कैसा था?
उत्तर :
ओलंपिक में विल्मा का मुकाबला दुनिया के सबसे तेज़ दौडनेवालों में एक “जुत्ता हेन” से था जिसे कोई भी हरा नहीं पाया था। पहली दौड 100 मीटर में विल्मा ने जुत्ता को हराकर अपना पहला स्वर्ण पदक जीता। दूसरी दौड 200 मीटर में भी उसने दूसरी बार हराकर स्वर्ण पदक जीता। तीसरी दौड 400 मीटर की रिले रेस थी और विल्मा का मुकाबला एक बार फिर जुत्ता से ही था। रिले में रेस का आखरी हिस्सा टीम का सबसे तेज़ खिलाडी ही दौडता है। जब अंत में विल्मा की दौडने की बारी आई उससे बेटन छूट गयी। लेकिन विल्मा ने देख लिया कि दूसरे छोर पर जुत्ता हेन तेज़ी से दौडी चली आ रही है। विल्मा ने गिरी हुई बेटन उठाई और यंत्र की तरह तेज़ी से दौडी तथा जुत्ता को तीसरी बार भी हराया और अपना तीसरा स्वर्ण पदक जीता।

సారాంశము :

శారీరకంగా, మానసికంగా, ఆత్మపరంగా ఎవరైతే బలవంతులుగా ఉంటారో వారి అడుగులను (పాదాలను) విజయం (సఫలత) ముద్దు పెట్టుకుంటుంది. శక్తి కోసం శారీరక ఆరోగ్యం అవసరం. నిశ్చిత పరిస్థితుల్లో సమయంపై మన ప్రదర్శన కోసం మానసిక సమతౌల్యం కావాలి. విలువలకు అనుగుణంగా జీవించుటకు ఆత్మబలం కావాలి. ఈ మూడింటి శక్తి సామర్థ్యాలకు మరో పేరే విల్మా గ్లోడియన్ రుడాల్ఫ్,
అమెరికాలోని టెనెసీ ప్రాంతంలో ఒక రైల్వే కూలి వాని ఇంట 23 జూన్, 1940లో విల్మా జన్మించింది. ఆమె తల్లి ఇంటింటికి వెళ్ళి కసువు ఊడ్చే ఉద్యోగం చేసేది. ఆమె (విల్మా) 9 సం॥ల వయస్సు వచ్చేవరకు నేలపై ఎప్పుడూ కాలుపెట్టి నడవలేదు. ఎందుకనగా తన నాల్గవయేట తనకు పోలియో వ్యాధి సోకినది. అప్పటి నుండి ఆమె చేతికర్రల సహాయంతో నడవసాగింది. వైద్యులు ఆమె ఎప్పటికీ తన అడుగులను నేలపై సక్రమంగా వేయలేదని చెప్పిరి.
ఆమె తల్లి చాలా ధర్మపరాయణురాలు (ఆధ్యాత్మిక చింతన కల్గిన స్త్రీ). సకారాత్మక మనోవృత్తి కల్గిన సాహస వనిత (మహిళ), తల్లి ఆదర్శవాద మాటలు విన్న విల్మా “అమ్మా ! నేనేమి చేయగలను నడవనే లేనప్పుడు?” అని అన్నది.
“నా కుమార్తె ! నీవు ఏది కోరుకుంటే దాన్ని పొందగలవు” అని అమ్మ ఆత్మవిశ్వాసంతో చెప్పింది. అప్పుడు విల్మా “మరి నేను ఈ ప్రపంచంలో అందరికంటే వేగవంతంగా పరుగెత్తు అథ్లెట్ను కాగలనా ?” అని వెంటనే ప్రశ్నించినది. అది విన్న తల్లి ఎందుకు కాలేవు కుమారి ?. నీపై నాకు పూర్తి విశ్వాసం (నమ్మకం) ఉంది” అని చెప్పింది “దృఢ విశ్వాసం.
“ఎలాగమ్మా? వైద్యులు చెప్పే మాటలను బట్టి నేను నడవడం అసంభవం కదా! ” – అని విల్మా కరుణ స్వరంతో తన తల్లితో చెప్పింది.
“భగవంతునిపై నమ్మకం (విశ్వాసం), తన మీద భరోసా, పరిశ్రమ పట్ల ఇష్టంతో నీవు ఏది కోరుకుంటే అది పొందగలవు” అని తల్లి విల్మాతో అంటూ విల్మాను తన ఒడిలోకి తీసుకుంది.
తల్లి ఇచ్చిన ప్రేరణ మరియు ధైర్యంతో 9 సం॥ల విల్మా చేతికర్రలను తీసివేసి నడవడం ప్రారంభించింది. అకస్మాత్తుగా (ఒక్కసారిగా) చేతికర్రలను తీసివేసి నడిచే ప్రయాసలో ఎన్నోసార్లు గాయపడినది. నొప్పిని ఓర్చుకున్నది. కానీ ఆమె

ఎన్నడూ ధైర్యం వీడలేదు ఎవరి సహాయం (ఊతం) తీసుకోలేదు. చివరకు ఒక సం॥రం తర్వాత ఆమె చేతికర్రలు లేకుండానే నడవడంలో విజయం పొందింది. ఈ విధంగా 8వతరగతిలోనికి ప్రవేశిస్తూనే పరుగు పందెంలో పాల్గొని చివరి స్థానాన్ని పొందింది. తర్వాత రెండవ, మూడవ, 4వ పరుగు పందెములలో పాల్గొన్నది. వాటిలో కూడా చివరి స్థానాన్నే పొందింది. కానీ ఆమె వెనుతిరగలేదు. నిరంతరం పరుగుపందెంలో పాల్గొంటూనే ఉన్నది. చివరకు ఆమె ఒకరోజున పరుగు పందెంలో ప్రథమ స్థానాన్ని పొందినది.
15 సం॥ల వయస్సులో విల్మా టెనెసీ విశ్వవిద్యాలయం వెళ్ళినది. ఆమె అక్కడ ఎడ్ టెంపల్ అను పేరు గల ఒక కోచ్్ను కలసినది. ఆమె అతనితో తన కోరిక ప్రపంచంలో అందరికంటే బాగా పరుగెత్తు అథ్లెట్గా అవతరించ కాంక్షిస్తున్నట్లు చెప్పినది. అప్పుడు ఆయన “నీ ఈ కోరికను (కోరిక శక్తిని) ఎవ్వరూ ఆపలేరు, అంతేకాదు నేను కూడా నీకు తోడుగా ఉండి సహాయం చేస్తాను, నీకు నేను పరుగు పందెంలోని మెలకువలను నేర్పుతాను” అని చెప్పెను.

చివరకు ఆ రోజు రానే వచ్చింది. విల్మా ఒలింపిక్లో పాల్గొనబోవుచున్నది. ఒలింపిక్స్లో ప్రపంచంలోని బాగా పరుగెత్తు వాళ్ళతో తలపడవలసి ఉంటుంది. విల్మా జుత్తాహేన్ తో తలపడవలసి ఉన్నది. ఆమెను ఎవరూ ఓడించలేకపోయిరి. మొదటి పరుగు 100 మీటర్లది. దీనిలో ఆమె జుత్తాహేన న్ను ఓడించి తన మొదటి స్వర్ణ పతకమును పొందినది. రెండవ పరుగు 200 మీటర్లది. దీనిలో కూడా విల్మా, జుత్తాను రెండవసారి కూడా ఓడించినది. రెండవ స్వర్ణ పతకాన్ని కూడా పొందినది. మూడవ పరుగు 400 మీటర్ల రిలే పరుగు పందెం. మరలా విల్మా, జుత్తాతోనే పోటీ పడనున్నది. రిలే పరుగు పందెంలో చివరి భాగం టీంలోని అందరి కంటే వేగంగా పరుగెత్తు ఆటగాడే పాల్గొనును. విల్మా టీంలోని ముగ్గురూ రిలే పరుగు పందెంలో ప్రారంభపు మూడు భాగాలలో పరుగెత్తి తేలికగా బేటన్ మార్చుకున్నారు. విల్మా వంతు వచ్చినపుడు ఆమె చేతిలోని బేటన్ క్రింద జారిపడిపోయింది. కానీ విల్మా రెండవ వైపున జుత్తాహేన్ వేగంగా పరిగెత్తుకు రావడం చూసెను. విల్మా క్రింద పడిన బేటన్ తీసికొని యంత్రం వలే వేగంగా పరుగెత్తెను. ఆమె జుత్తాను మూడవసారి కూడా ఓడించెను. మూడవ బంగారు పతకాన్ని కూడా సాధించెను. ఈ విషయం చరిత్ర పుటల్లో నమోదు చేయబడినది. ఒక పోలియో పీడితులైన మహిళ 1960లో జరిగిన రోమ్ ఒలింపిక్స్ క్రీడల్లో ప్రపంచం మొత్తంలో వేగవంతమైన అథ్లెట్ అయినది.

ఇది ఆమె కఠోర పరిశ్రమ పరిణామానికి తార్కాణం. 1960లో జరిగిన రోమ్ ఒలింపిక్ లో 100 మీ. 200 మీ. మరియు 400 మీ. రిలే పరుగులో స్వర్ణపతకం మొత్తం 3 స్వర్ణ పతకాలు సాధించిన మొట్టమొదటి అమెరికన్ అథ్లెట్ అయినది. రోమ్ నుండి తిరిగి వచ్చిన తర్వాత అమెరికా యావత్తూ తన కాళ్ళపై తాను నిలబడలేని ఆ బాలికకు నిలబడి స్వాగతం పలికినది. వారి మధ్యలోనే విల్మా అమ్మగారు (ఎవరి ప్రేరణ వల్ల ఈ ఉన్నత స్థితిని పొందినదో) కూడా ఉన్నది.

वचन :

• सफलता – सफलताएँ
• घर – घर
• बात – बातें
• इच्छा – इच्छाएँ
• पन्ना – पन्ने
• परिश्थिति – परिस्थितियों
• बैसाखी – बैसाखियाँ
• बेटी – बेटियाँ
• हिस्सा – हिस्से
• क्षमता – क्षमताएँ
• महिला – महिलाएँ
• प्रतियोगिता – प्रतियोगिताएँ
• खिलाडी – खिलाडियाँ

लिंग :

• मॉं – बाप
• कवि – कवइत्री
• ईश्वर् – ईश्वर्र
• आदमी – औरत
• महिला – पुरुष
• बेटा – बेटी
• माता – पिता
• लडकी – लडका
• धावक – धाविका
• नौकर – नौकरानी

उपसर्ग :

• निश्चित – नि:
• संतुलन – सं
• प्रतियोगिता – प्रति
• परिस्थिति – परि
• अनुरूप – अनु
• निर्त्तर – निर
• प्रदर्शन – प्र
• धर्मपरायण – धर्म
• शुरुआत – शुरु

प्रत्यय :

• परिश्रम – श्रम
• शुरुआती – ई
• शारीरिक – इक
• अनुरूप – रूप
• आदर्शवादी – वादी
• तीसरी – ई
• आसानी – ई
• तंदुरस्ती – ई
• साहसी – ई
• प्रेरणा – आा
• खिलाडी – ई
• प्रतियोगिता – ता
• मार्निक – इक
• मनोवृत्ति – वृत्ति

उल्टे शब्द :

• मजचूत × कमज़ोर
• जवाब × प्रश्न
• साहसी × डरपोक
• पूरा × अधूरा
• मेहनत × आलस
• हार × जीत
• सफलता × विफलता
• सीधा × टेढा
• प्राप्त × अप्राप्त
• विश्वास × अविश्वास
• हिम्मत × डर
• आसानी × मश्किल
• जन्म × मृत्यु
• सकारात्मक × नकारात्मक
• तेज़ × मंद
• संभव × असंभव
• पहली × आखिरी
• कठोर × कोमल

पर्यायवाची शब्द :

• तन – शरीर, काय
• समय – काल
• ज़मीन – पृथ्वी, धरती
• महिला – स्त्री, औरत
• मेहनत – परिश्रम
• सफलता – कामयाब
• आखिरी – अंतिम
• पन्ना – पृष्ठ
• सफलता – विजय
• घर – मकान
• डॉक्टर – वैद्य
• बेटी – पुत्री
• स्वयं – खुद
• हिस्सा – भाग
• इच्छा – चाह
• स्वागत – निमंत्रण
• तंदुरस्त – स्वारथ्य
• मॉं – माता, जननी
• जवाब – उत्तर
• दुनिया – विश्व, संसार
• हिम्मत – धैर्य
• प्रतियोगिता – होड
• स्वर्ण – हैम, कांचन
• मुकाम – स्थान

संधि विच्छेद :

• शारीरिक = शरीर + इक
• सकारात्मक = सकार + आत्मक
• आदर्शवादी = आदर्श + वादी
• विद्यालय = विद्या + आलय
• धार्मिक = धर्म + इक
• मनोवृत्ति = मनः + वृत्ति
• साह्सी = साहस + ई
• आत्मविश्वास = आत्म + विश्वास
• धाविका = धावक + इका

वाक्य प्रयोण :

1. हिम्मत – वह बड़ा हिम्मत वाला है।
2. मुकाबला – को – कभी हमें कष्टों से भी मुकाबला करना पडता है।
3. र्वागत – जो जीतेगा उसे ही स्वागत मिलेगा।
4. हमेशा – हमेशा सच ही बोलना चाहिए।
5. हिस्सा लेना – हर प्रतियोगिता में वह हिस्सा लेती रहती है।

मुहावरे वाले शब्द :

1. कदम रखना = प्रवेश पाना, किसी रथान पर पहुँचना
वह तहाँ कदम रखता है वहाँ पदक अवश्य मिलता है।
2. जवाज दे देना = डॉक रों द्वारा रोगी का अन्य जगह ले जाने को कहना।
डॉक्त रों ने जवाब दे दिया कि वह कभी भी ज़मीन पर कदम नहीं रख पायेगी।
3. जवाब देना = नौकी से अलग करना
उसदे: मालिक ने उसे नौकरी से जवाव दे दी।
4. हिस्सा लेना = भागञ, शामिल होना
हर ईतियोगिता में वह हिस्सा लेती रही।
5. मुकावले होना = तुल्य या बराबरी होना
उसके मुकाबले में कौन खड़े हो सकते हैं ?
6. हार चुकाना = विफ़न होना
वह हार प्रतियोगिता में हरा जा चुकता है।
7. हार मानना = अपर य या पराजय स्वीकार करना
वह। सपना हार न मानने वाला है।
8. कदम चूमना = पाँव छूना, चरण स्पर्श करना, सम्मान करना
जो विजय होते हैं सब उसके कदमों को चूमते हैं।

शब्दार्थ (అర్ధములు) (Meanings) :