Regular practice with AP Inter 1st Year Civics Study Material Chapter 6 Rights and Responsibilities Questions and Answers helps students stay prepared for examinations.
AP Inter 1st Year Civics 6th Lesson Rights and Responsibilities Questions and Answers
Very Short Answer Questions
Question 1.
Mention the classification of rights.
Answer:
Rights are broadly classified into three categories:
- Natural Rights
- Moral Rights
- Legal Rights
Legal Rights are again classified into three types:
- Civil Rights
- Political Rights
- Economic Rights
Question 2.
Explain the theory of Natural rights.
Answer:
Natural rights are those rights that are enjoyed by people by birth. Theory of natural rights, claimed that rights are presocial and pre political nature. He cited the right to life, right to liberty and right to property as the basic natural rights. The state cannot deprive people of these rights.
Question 3.
Briefly explain the Moral rights.
Answer:
Moral rights are morally prescribed to men in society. The ethical or moral principles in society act as the basis of the moral rights. Customs, traditions and usages are regarded as the basic source of these rights. Moral rights don’t have legal backing.
Question 4.
What is meant by Fundamental rights?
Answer:
Fundamental rights are the basic human rights enshrined in the constitution. They are guaranteed to all citizens without any discrimination. They are essential for developing the personality of individuals.
Question 5.
Write the types of Human Rights.
Answer:
Types of Human Rights:
- Civil and Political Rights.
- Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
Question 6.
Classify the Responsibilities.
Answer:
Classification of Responsibilities:
- Moral Responsibilities.
- Legal Responsibilities
Legal Responsibilities are again classified into two types:
- Positive Responsibilities,
- Negative Responsibilities.
Short Answer Questions
Question 1.
Describe any four features of Rights.
Answer:
Rights are the basic conditions and opportunities which are recognised by the society and state. They are safeguarded by the laws of the state.
Features of Rights:
- Rights are possible only in society.
- Rights are social in nature. They can be established only when society or state recognizes and maintains them.
- Rights are inherent in the social nature of man. Social contractualists stated that rights are inherent in human nature.
- Rights are enforced and protected by the state.
- Rights are not absolute. Society and state impose some restrictions on the enjoyment of rights by individuals.
- Every Right has a corresponding responsibility. Rights and responsibilities are interdependent.
- Rights are universal in nature. They are applicable to all in the state.
- Rights vary from time to time according to the needs of the people.
Question 2.
List any four objectives of Human Rights.
Answer:
Human rights are the amenities required for the basic existence of human beings. They are available to all persons irrespective of caste, creed, community, religion, region, language etc.
Objectives of Human Rights:
- To ensure independence and protection from discrimination
- Freedom from poverty.
- Freedom for availing the latent abilities of individuals.
- Freedom from fear.
- Freedom of protection.
- Freedom from injustice.
- Freedom of speech and expression.
- Freedom of association.
- Freedom to carry out one’s activities with dignity.
- Freedom against exploitation.
Question 3.
Mention all the important Responsibilities of a citizen.
Answer:
Responsibility is an obligation of an individual towards other individuals residing in society. It is regarded as an obligation or duty towards others.
- Loyalty to State: Every citizen owes allegiance to the state to which he belongs.
- Obedience to Laws: It is the basic responsibility of the citizens to obey the laws of State. They must obey the orders and directives of the state.
- Payment of Taxes: Money plays a vital role in the matters of the society, government and state. It is the responsiblity of every citizen to pay taxes promptly and properly.
- Honest exercise of Franchise and Authority of Public Office: In a democratic state, all adult citizens, subject to certain qualifications, enjoy the right to vote in choosing their representatives.
- Cooperation in law-and-order matters :Citizens must be ready to assist the authorities at times of emergency.
- Other responsibilities
- They should assign priority to the common good.
- They should also act as whistleblowers against those who misuse the power.
Question 4.
Explain any two theories of rights.
Answer:
Two theories of rights:
1. The theory of Natural rights:
The theory of natural rights says that every human being enjoys certain rights and finds them indispensable for his very existence. They come from nature and are not created by human agency. The great Roman Lawyer Cicero and John Locke were strong exponents of natural rights.
2. The Legal theory of rights:
According to this theory all rights of*man depend on the state for their existence. Rights are created and maintained by the state. There can be no rights beyond the legal frame-work provided by the state. This theory was fully developed by Bentham, Austin, Ritchie and Salmond.
Long Answer Questions
Question 1.
Define Rights and explain any six types of Civil Rights.
Answer:
Rights are the basic conditions and opportunities which are recognised by the society and state.
They are safeguarded by the laws of the state.
“A right is a claim recognized by the society and enforced by the state”- Bosanquet
Individuals in a civilized society enjoy the following Civil Rights.
- Right to life
- Right to liberty
- Right to equality.
- Right to property.
- Right to family.
- Right to religion
- Right to contract
- Right to education
1. Right to life: T.H.Green considered it as the most fundamental civil right. This right provides security to the individual’s life. Individuals can not lead their lives in the absence of this right. It empowers the state to impose some reasonable restrictions upon the individuals. This right also includes the right of self defence.
2. Right to liberty: This right enables individuals to have freedom in various walks of life. It makes their lives worth living. It enables them to develop their personality in various spheres. It includes various freedoms such as freedom of movement, speech, expression, thought, residence etc.
3. Right to equality: This right implies that individuals are equal before law. It forbids discrimination on the basis of one’s caste, colour, creed, education, region, race, religion, wealth etc. It enables equal treatment to all persons. It provides scope for uniform application of laws. It enables equal opportunities to ail persons in social, economic and political fields.
4. Right to property: This right enables every individual to acquire, enjoy, donate or inherit the property. It is essential to the individual for securing higher standards of living. This right is crucial for the growth of an individual’s personality.
5. Right to family: Family is a fundamental social institution. This right enables individuals to maintain family relations in society. Consequently, individuals will have freedom to marry persons of their choice.
6. Right to religion: This right allows the individuals to have freedom to practice, propagate, and profess any religion of their choice. Every individual is at liberty to preach or practice the religious doctrine as they like. The secular states provide religious freedom to their citizens.
7. Right to contract: This right provides freedom to every individual to enter into contract or legal arrangements with others regarding his life, property and work. It regulates the two parties in carrying their contracts in letter and spirit.
8. Right to education: In the modern era education is regarded as vital to every individual. Uneducated and innocent individuals cannot play an active role in public affairs. Similarly, illiterate persons cannot fully make use of their abilities. Education and literacy enable people to understand the problems of the society and policies of the government.
Question 2.
Define Rights and explain Political Rights.
Answer:
Rights are the basic conditions and opportunities which are recognised by the society and state.
They are safeguarded by the laws of the state.
“Right is a claim recognised by the society and enforced by the state.” – Bosanquet
Political Rights:
- Political rights enable the citizens to participate in the political affairs of the state.
- The citizen of the state only can enjoy these rights.
Types of Political Rights:
1. Right to vote:Right to vote is the most important political right enjoyed by the citizens in modern democratic states. It serves as a powerful weapon for adult citizens in choosing their representatives to various legislative bodies. It makes them as real sovereign. All the citizens are entitled to this right without any discrimination bases on creed, colour, language, race, region, religion, sex etc. However, persons such as aliens and minors are deprived of this right.
2. Right to contest as candidate in elections: This right empowers the citizens to contest as candidates to various legislative bodies in the state. Especially, it enables dynamic citizens, to actively participate in the political affairs of the state.
3. Right to hold public offices: This right provides opportunities to the citizens to hold various public offices for a definite period. It gives no scope for exclusion of citizens or conferring special privileges to some at the cost of the others. This helps the citizens exercise authority in a dignified manner.
4. Right to petition: This right enables the citizens to forward petitions denoting their requirements or grievances. It is considered as a vital political right in the modern state. The citizens could be able to find solutions to their immediate or long-pending issues by bringing them to the notice of the government through this right.
5. Right to criticism:This right gives opportunity to the citizens to criticize the various public policies and programmes. It also enables them to highlight the omissions and commissions of the leaders, and administrative personnel at various levels. It also gives scope for the citizens to render positive and constructive criticism about the on goings in the government from time to time.
Question 3.
Describe any six safeguards of the Rights.
Answer:
Safeguards of Rights: Individuals enjoy their rights only when they are fully protected or safeguarded by the State. In this regard, the following elements act as the safeguards of the rights of individuals.
1. Democratic Rule: Democratic rule safeguards the rights of the people to a great extent. People can enjoy their rights perfectly in democratic states only. This system makes constitutional and legal provisions for safeguarding the right of the people.
2. Written and Rigid Constitution: A written constitution clearly defines the powers and functions of the government. It also explains about the various limitations of governmental authority. A rigid constitution will guarantee the rights of the people by making it difficult for the rulers and legislators to make amendments on flimsy grounds.
3. Incorporation of Fundamental rights in constitution: Incorporation of fundamental rights in the Constitution will prevent the encroachment of individual rights by the government. Such an arrangement protects the rights of the individuals to a great extent.
4. Separation of Powers: The powers of the government should be separated among the three organs of the government. Such a measure would act as a check against other organ. Ultimately, it serves as a safeguard of individual liberty.
5. Decentralisation of powers: Individuals enjoy their rights, when powers are decentralized among the governmental institutions. This involves allocation of powers at various levels- national, provisional, local either on functional or territorial basis.
6. Rule of Law: Rule of Law implies equality before law. It also denotes equal application of laws to the citizens. It gives no scope for discrimination between citizens on the grounds of religion, region, caste, colour, community etc.
7. Independent and Impartial Judiciary: Independent and impartial judiciary is another safeguard of rights. Judges in higher judicial bodies will delivery judgment with impartial and independent outlook. In the process of delivering justice, they issue certain writs for immediate protection of the rights.
8. Independent Press: An independent and honest press is another essential safeguard of rights of individuals. Such agency will be able to disseminate news and views impartially and without fear or favour to any body.
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
When was Magna carta issued?
1. 1215 AD
2. 1315 AD
3. 1415 AD
4. 1515 AD
Answer:
1. 1215 AD
Question 2.
Who propounded the theory of “Natural rights”?
1. Rousseau
2. John Locke
3. H.J. Laski
4. T.H. Green
Answer:
2. John Locke
Question 3.
Who propounded the theory of ‘Individualism’?
1. H.J. Laski
2. Jeremy Bentham
3. Rousseau
4. J.S. Mill
Answer:
4. J.S. Mill
Question 4.
Who propounded the theory of “Utilitarianism”?
1. Jeremy Bentham
2. Aristotle
3. John Loke
4. Hobbes
Answer:
1. Jeremy Bentham
Fill in the Blanks
Question 1.
“Right to vote’ is the best example of the ____________ rights.
Answer:
Political
Question 2.
Right to adequate wage’ is best example of the ____________ rights.
Answer:
Economic
Question 3.
The declaration of Universal human rights was adopteed on ____________.
Answer:
1948 December 10
Question 4.
‘Helping the needy and the sick’ is regarded as an example of ____________ responsibility.
Answer:
moral
One Word Answers
Question 1.
Who defined the term right as “Right is a claim recognised by the society and enforced by the state.”?
Answer:
Bosanquet
Question 2.
Violation of which type of rights is not considered as a crime?
Answer:
Moral rights
Question 3.
What are the basic human rights mentioned in the Constitution?
Answer:
Fundamental rights
Question 4.
Who gave the statement “Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains”?
Answer:
Rousseau
Question 5.
Which document is known as the “Bible of the English Constitution”?
Answer:
Magna carta.