Reviewing AP Inter 2nd Year Zoology Study Material Chapter 7 Biotechnology and Its Applications Questions and Answers can help students prepare confidently for exams.
AP Inter 2nd Year Zoology 7th Lesson Biotechnology and Its Applications Questions and Answers
IV. Very Short Answer Questions
Question 1.
What is the disadvantage of using insulin obtained from animal sources in humans beings?
Answer:
- Animal-derived insulin (from cattle or pigs) may trigger allergic or immune reactions because it is recognized as a foreign protein.
- It is also less suitable and less effective than recombinant human insulin.
Question 2.
What is C-peptide?
Answer:
- C-peptide is an additional polypeptide segment present in proinsulin, the precursor of insulin.
- It connects the A and B polypeptide chains and is removed during the formation of mature insulin.
Question 3.
Define Gene Therapy.
Answer:
Gene therapy is a medical technique in which defective genes are replaced or corrected • by introducing normal functional genes to treat inherited genetic disorders.
Question 4.
How are lymphocytes used to treat ADA deficiency?
Answer:
- Lymphocytes are collected from the patient, cultured, and a functional ADA gene is inserted into them using a suitable vector.
- The genetically corrected lymphocytes are then reintroduced into the patient’s body. Since these cells survive only for a limited time, the treatment needs to be repeated periodically.
Question 5.
What are the Advantages of molecular diagnostics?
Answer:
- Molecular diagnostics enables early and precise detection of diseases by identifying pathogens even in very small amounts.
- It also helps detect genetic mutations and diagnose infectious diseases with high sensitivity and accuracy.
Question 6.
What are transgenic animals?
Answer:
- They are animals whose DNA has been genetically modified to carry and express an additional foreign gene.
- They are used for producing valuable proteins; for ft, human α-1 antitrypsin produced in transgenic animals is used in the treatment of emphysema.
Question 7.
In what way is the milk of the transgenic cow Rosie superior to normal cow’s milk?
Answer:
- Rosie’s milk is enriched with the human protein alpha-lactalbumin, making it more nutritious and better suited for human infants than ordinary cow’s milk.
- It is also easier to digest compared to regular cow’s milk..
Question 8.
What is GEAC? What is its role?
Answer:
The Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC) is a regulatory body established by the Government of India to supervise genetic engineering activities.
Role:
- Evaluates the safety and validity of genetically modified (GM) research.
- Ensures the safe use of GM organisms in agriculture, medicine, and the environment.
- Regulates and monitors the release of GM organisms to prevent harmful or unforeseen effects.
Question 9.
Define Biopiracy.
Answer:
Biopiracy is the unauthorized exploitation or commercial use of a country’s biological resources and traditional knowledge without obtaining permission or providing fair compensation.
Question 10.
What are the main functions of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)?
Answer:
Main Functions of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR):
- Amplification of DNA
- Early diagnosis of diseases
- DNA fingerprinting
- Gene cloning and research
- Detection of genetic mutations
V. Short Answer Questions
Question 1.
What is Gene Therapy? Illustrate it using the example of Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) deficiency.
Answer:
- Gene therapy is a treatment method în which a normal functional gene is introduced into a patient’s cells to replace or compensate for a defective gene.
- Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) deficiency is an inherited disorder caused by the absence of the ADA enzyme, which is essential for the normal functioning of the immune system. Its deficiency leads to severe immunodeficiency.
- In this treatment, lymphocytes are collected from the patient’s blood, cultured in the laboratory, and a functional ADA gene is inserted into them using a retroviral vector. These modified cells are then transferred back into the patient’s body, where they produce the ADA enzyme and improve immune function.
- Since lymphocytes have a limited lifespan, the therapy must be repeated at regular intervals. However, if the functional gene is introduced during the early developmental stage, a permanent cure may be possible.
Question 2.
How is genetically engineered insulin produced?
Answer:
- Genetically engineered insulin is produced using recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology, which allows the large-scale production of human insulin identical to natural insulin.
- This technology was developed by the Eli Lilly Company to overcome the disadvantages of animal-derived insulin.
- Human insulin consists of two polypeptide chains (A and B) connected by disulphide bonds. In its precursor form (proinsulin), it contains an additional C-peptide, which must be removed to form active insulin.
- The genes responsible for the A and B chains are synthesized separately.
- These genes are inserted into plasmids of the bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli), where the bacteria produce the A and B chains independently.
- The two chains are then isolated, purified, and joined by disulfide bonds to produce functional human insulin.
- This method yields safe, effective, and non-allergenic human insulin, eliminating the need for animal sources.
Question 3.
What are the applications of biotechnology in molecular diagnosis?
Answer:
Biotechnology plays a vital role in molecular diagnosis by enabling the early and accurate detection of diseases, even before symptoms appear, which is difficult with conventional diagnostic methods.
Applications of biotechnology in molecular diagnosis:
- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): Detects pathogens present in very small quantities by amplifying their nucleic acids. It is widely used for diagnosing infections like HTV and for identifying gene mutations associated with cancer and other genetic disorders.
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA): Works on the principle of antigen-antibody interaction and helps detect specific antigens or antibodies for disease diagnosis.
- Recombinant DNA technology: Facilitates precise diagnosis by analyzing genes and identifying abnormalities at the molecular level.
- Nucleic acid probes (DNA/RNA probes): Detect specific or mutated genes through hybridization techniques, aiding in the diagnosis of genetic diseases.
Question 4.
Write a short note on the concept of Biopiracy.
Answer:
- Biopiracy is the unauthorized use or commercial exploitation of biological resources and traditional knowledge without obtaining permission or providing compensation to the country or community that owns them.
- A global imbalance exists where developed nations possess advanced technology but limited biodiversity, whereas developing nations are rich in biodiversity and traditional knowledge, making them more vulnerable to exploitation.
- Traditional knowledge is often used to develop commercial products, saving time and cost, but the original knowledge holders frequently receive no recognition or benefits.
- Well-known examples include attempts to patent Basmati rice, Neem, and Turmeric, even though these have been traditionally used in India.
- To prevent such misuse, many countries have introduced laws and patent regulations that promote fair benefit-sharing and protect biological resources and indigenous knowledge.
Question 5.
Explain the patent issues related to Basmati rice, Turmeric, and Neem.
Answer:
1. The patent disputes involving Basmati rice, Turmeric, and Neem are classic examples of biopiracy, where biological resources and traditional knowledge were used without proper authorization or benefit sharing.
2. In the case of Basmati rice, a U.S. company obtained a patent for a “new” variety derived from traditional Indian Basmati. This raised concerns for Indian farmers and exporters, and many of the patent claims were later challenged and withdrawn.
3. A patent was granted for the wound-healing property of turmeric, despite its traditional medicinal use in India for centuries. The patent was later cancelled after evidence of prior traditional knowledge was presented. Similarly, patents were granted for the pesticidal properties of Neem, although its use in India was well established. These patents were also revoked following legal challenges.
VI. Long Answer Questions
Question 1.
Write an essay on the benefits of transgenic animals.
Answer:
- Transgenic animals are animals whose DNA has been artificially modified by introducing and expressing a foreign gene.
- Many transgenic animals, such as rats, rabbits, pigs, and sheep, have been developed, although more than 95% are mice because they are easy to handle and widely used in research.
- They play an important role in scientifiè research, medicine, and human welfare.
Benefits of Transgenics
1. Study of Normal Physiology and development:
- Helps scientists understand how genes regulate normal body functions and development.
- Modified genes enable researchers to study growth, metabolism, and the function of specific genes.
2. Study of Human Diseases:
- Used as models for diseases such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer’s disease.
- Help researchers understand disease mechanisms and develop improved treatments.
3. Production of Biological Products (Pharming)
- Used to produce valuable human proteins in milk, blood, or eggs.
- Example: The transgenic cow Rosie produced milk enriched with human alpha-lactalbumin.
- Human proteins such as α-1-antitrypsin can also be produced for treating emphysema.
4. Vaccine Safety Testing:
- Used to evaluate the safety of vaccines before they are tested in humans.
- Example: Transgenic mice are widely used in polio vaccine testing.
5. Chemical Safety (Toxicity) Testing :
- Used to assess the harmful effects of chemicals, drugs, and environmental pollutants.
- Their increased sensitivity helps researchers evaluate toxicity more quickly and accurately.
Question 2.
Explain ethical issues related to genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
Answer:
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) raise several ethical concerns related to human intervention in nature, environmental safety, and the responsible use of biological resources.
Ethical Issues:
- Need for Regulation and Ethical Oversight: Genetic modification should be carefully regulated and ethically evaluated because it may produce unpredictable effects on ecosystems.
- Environmental Concerns: GMOs may disturb ecological balance and reduce biodiversity if released without proper monitoring.
- Government Regulation: The Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC) evaluates the safety and approval of GM research and GM organisms before public use.
- Intellectual Property Issues: Patenting biological resources raises concerns regarding ownership, benefit sharing, and fairness, especially when based on traditional knowledge.
- Example of Patent Disputes: Attempts to patent Basmati rice, Turmeric, and Neem highlight important ethical and legal concerns regarding indigenous knowledge.
- Biopiracy: The unauthorized use of biological resources without compensation exploits the biodiversity and traditional knowledge of developing countries and emphasizes the need for international protection and equitable benefit sharing.
I. Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
What is a significant advantage of recombinant therapeutics over products isolated from non-human sources?
1. They are less effective.
2. They induced unwanted immunological responses.
3. They do not induce unwanted immunological responses.
4. They are more expensive to produce.
Answer:
3. They do not induce unwanted immunological responses.
Question 2.
Why was insulin from animal sources is less ideal for humans use.
1. It was less effective and caused allergic reactions.
2. It was more effective than human insulin.
3. It was not available in sufficient quantities.
4. It was administered orally.
Answer:
1. It was less effective and caused allergic reactions.
Question 3.
What is the function of the C-peptide in insulin synthesis?
1. It is a component of mature insulin.
2. It is removed during the conversion of proinsulin into insulin.
3. It joins the A and B chains together.
4. It is added to mature insulin for stability.
Answer:
2. It is removed during the conversion of proinsulin into insulin.
Question 4.
What is the primary goal of gene therapy
1. To replace diseased organs with healthy organs.
2. To introduce a functional gene to compensate for a defective gene.
3. To eliminate the defective gene from the body.
4. To improve physical performance in healthy individuals.
Answer:
2. To introduce a functional gene to compensate for a defective gene.
Question 5.
What is the role of the adenosine deaminase (ADA) enzyme in the body?
1. It regulates blood sugar concentration.
2. It is essential for the proper functioning of the immune system.
3. It supports muscle growth.
4. It helps in digestion.
Answer:
2. It is essential for the proper functioning of the immune system.
Question 6.
Assertion: PCR is used for the early diagnosis of HIV infection and cancer in suspected patients.
Reason: PCR amplifies nucleic acids to detect very low concentrations of pathogens before the appearance of symptoms.
1. Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason correctly explains Assertion.
2. Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason does not explain Assertion.
3. Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
4. Assertion is false, but Reason is true.
Answer:
1. Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason correctly explains Assertion.
Question 7.
Assertion: Genetically engineered insulin is produced using recombinant DNA technology in bacteria such as E. coli.
Reason: The insulin produced is identical to human insulin and does not trigger unwanted immune responses.
1. Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason correctly explains Assertion.
2. Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation.
3. Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
4. Assertion is false, but Reason is true.
Answer:
1. Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason correctly explains Assertion.
Question 8.
How does the milk from the transgenic cow Rosie benefit human babies?
1. It is less expensive than natural cow’s milk.
2. It contains higher levels of insulin.
3. It is nutritionally more balanced than normal cow’s milk.
4. It prevents allergic reactions in infants.
Answer:
3. It is nutritionally more balanced than normal cow’s milk.
Question 9.
What advantage do transgenic animals provide in toxicity testing compared to non-transgenic animals?
1. They require less exposure to toxic substances.
2. The results are obtained in a shorter time.
3. They are resistant to toxic substances.
4. They produce their own antibodies.
Answer:
2. The results are obtained in a shorter time.
Question 10.
What defines a transgenic animal?
1. An animal developed through selective breeding for improved traits.
2. An animal whose DNA has been modified to express a foreign gene.
3. An animal cloned from another species.
4. An animal with naturally occurring genetic mutations
Answer:
2. An animal whose DNA has been modified to express a foreign gene.
Question 11.
What is the primary purpose of organizations like GEAC (Genetic Engineering Approval Committee) in India?
1. To encourage unrestricted genetic modification of organisms.
2. To evaluate the safety and validity of GM research and GM organisms for public use.
3. To approve patents for all genetic engineering projects.
4. To prohibit all forms of genetic modification.
Answer:
2. To evaluate the safety and validity of GM research and GM organisms for public use.
Question 12.
What is biopiracy?
1. The legal use of biological resources with authorization.
2. The unauthorized use of biological resources without providing compensation.
3. The development of new biological resources by indigenous communities.
4. The exchange of traditional knowledge among different countries
Answer:
2. The unauthorized use of biological resources without providing compensation.
II. Fill in the Blanks
1. Insulin consists two polypeptide chains, A and B, linked by ………………….. bridges.
Answer:
Disulphide
2. In humans, insulin is synthesized as a ………………………. , that requires processing to become mature.
Answer:
Pro-hormone
3. ELISA identifies infections based on the principle of ……………………… interaction.
Answer:
Antigen – Antibody
4. The first clinical gene therapy was performed in 1990 to treat a 4-year-old girl with …………………….. deficiency.
Answer:
Adenosine deaminase (ADA)
5. In ADA deficiency treatment, a functional ADA cDNA is introduced into ………………………using a retroviral vector before being returned to the patient.
Answer:
Lymphocytes.
6. The human protein α – 1 – antitrypsin produced by transgenic animals is used to treat …………………. .
Answer:
Emphysema
7. The Indian Government has established the ……………………………. to regulate the safety and approval of GM organisms.
Answer:
GEAC (Genetic Engineering Approval Committee)
8. In 1997, an American company obtained patent rights on …………………………….. rice through the US Patent and Trademark Office.
Answer:
Basmati
9. India is home to an estimated …………………………. varieties of rice, showcasing its rich agricultural diversity.
Answer:
2,00,000
10. Patents on products like turmeric and neem are based on India’s traditional ……………………… medicines.
Answer:
Herbal.
III. One Word Answer Questions
Question 1.
What is the name of the company that prepared DNA Sequences for human influence chains in 1983?
Answer:
EliLilly
Question 2.
Which bacterium was used to produce human insulin chains A and B?
Answer:
E. coli
Question 3.
What vector was used to introduce functional ADA cDNA into lymphocytes?
Answer:
Retroviral vector
Question 5.
What assay is based on antigen-antibody interaction for pathogen detection?
Answer:
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Question 6.
What human protein is in kosie’s milk for better nutrition?
Answer:
Alpha- lactalbumin
Question 7.
What organization in India approves GM research and its safety?
Answer:
Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC)
Question 8.
What term refers the unauthorized use of bio-resources without compensation?
Answer:
Biopiracy
Question 9.
In which year did an American company get a patent on Basmati rice?
Answer:
1997
Question 10.
What traditional Indian plants has faced patent attempts?
Answer:
Neem and Turmeric
Objective Questions
Question 1.
Biotechnology involves using living organisms or their components to produce
1. Medicines and products
2. Only food
3. Only energy
4. Only enzymes
Answer:
1. Medicines and products
Question 2.
Genetic engineering refers to the direct manipulation of:
1. Proteins
2. DNA
3. Lipids
4. Carbohydrates
Answer:
2. DNA
Question 3.
Which organism is most commonly used in genetic engineering?
1. Human
2. E. coli
3. Frog
4. Virus
Answer:
2. E. coli
Question 4.
Recombinant DNA technology leads to the formation of:
1. Natural DNA
2. Hybrid DNA
3. Protein only
4. Mutation only
Answer:
2. Hybrid DNA
Question 5.
Which enzyme is used to cut DNA at specific sites?
1. Ligase
2. Polymerase
3. Restriction enzyme
4. Helicase
Answer:
3. Restriction enzyme
Question 6.
DNA ligase plays a role in :
1. Cutting DNA
2. Joining DNA fragments
3. Replication
4. Transcription
Answer:
2. Joining DNA fragments
Question 7.
Which vector is used to carry foreign DNA?
1. Protein
2. Plasmid
3. Lipid
4. Hormone
Answer:
2. Plasmid
Question 8.
Which bacterium is commonly used for insulin production?
1. Bacillus
2. E.coli
3. Streptococcus
4. Lactobacillus
Answer:
2. E.coli
Question 9.
Human insulin produced through biotechnology is known as
1. Recombinant insulin
2. Natural insulin
3. Artificial enzyme
4. Vaccine
Answer:
1. Recombinant insulin
Question 10.
Gene therapy is primarily used for the treatment of:
1. Environmental issues
2. Genetic disorders
3. Infectious diseases only
4. Food problems
Answer:
2. Genetic disorders
Question 11.
ADA deficiency is treated using :
1. Gene therapy
2. Vaccination
3. Antibiotics
4. Surgery
Answer:
1. Gene therapy
Question 12.
Transgenic animals are those that contain :
1. Foreign DNA
2. Extra protein
3. Extra lipids
4. Extra cells
Answer:
1. Foreign DNA
Question 13.
Bt cotton is resistant against:
1. Bacteria
2. Fungi
3. Insects
4. Viruses
Answer:
3. Insects
Question 14.
Golden rice is enriched with :
1. Protein
2. Vitamin A
3. Iron
4. Calcium
Answer:
2. Vitamin A
Question 15.
PCR is mainly used to:
1. Cut DNA
2. Amplify DNA
3. Join DNA
4. Mutate DNA
Answer:
2. Amplify DNA
Question 16.
DNA fingerprinting mainly depends on :
1. RNA
2. DNA polymorphism
3. Enzymes
4. Proteins
Answer:
2. DNA polymorphism
Question 17.
Which crop is a genetically modified crop?
1. Wheat
2. Rice only
3. Barley
4. Bt cotton
Answer:
4. Bt cotton
Question 18.
Vaccine production is an important application of:
1. Anatomy
2. Biotechnology
3. Ecology
4. Physiology
Answer:
2. Biotechnology
Question 19.
Biopiracy refers to:
1. Mutation
2. Illegal use of bio-resources
3. Cloning
4. DNA copying
Answer:
2. Illegal use of bio-resources
Question 20.
Transgenic animals are widely used for:
1. Testing drugs
2. Studying diseases
3. Research
4. All of these
Answer:
4. All of these
Question 21.
Which enzyme is responsible for joining DNA fragments?
1. Polymerase
2. Restriction enzyme
3. Ligase
4. Helicase
Answer:
3. Ligase
Question 22.
Recombinant DNA is formed by combining DNA obtained from:
1. Different organisms
2. Same species only
3. Same organism
4. Same cell
Answer:
1. Different organisms
Question 23.
Cloning mainly results in the production of:
1. Hormones
2. Similar organisms
3. Proteins
4. Mutations
Answer:
2. Similar organisms
Question 24.
Insulin belongs to the category of
1. Lipid
2. Protein hormone
3. Enzyme
4. Vitamin
Answer:
2. Protein hormone
Question 25.
Which organ naturally secretes insulin in humans?
1. Kidney
2. Pancreas
3. Liver
4. Heart
Answer:
2. Pancreas
Question 26.
What is the major advantage of recombinant insulin compared to animal insulin?
1. Less stable
2. Cheaper
3. Easily available
4. Identical to human insulin
Answer:
4. Identical to human insulin
Question 27.
Gene therapy aims to treat diseases by:
1. Destroying cells
2. Replacing defective genes
3. Increasing enzymes
4. Removing proteins
Answer:
2. Replacing defective genes
Question 28.
ADA deficiency mainly affects which system?
1. Nervous system
2. Immune system
3. Digestive system
4. Circulatory system
Answer:
2. Immune system
Question 29.
Transgenic animals are produced by introducing:
1. Enzymes
2. Foreign genes
3. Extra cells
4. Extra proteins
Answer:
2. Foreign genes
Question 30.
The Bt gene inserted into crop plants provides protection against:
1. Viruses
2. Bacteria
3. Insects
4. Fungi
Answer:
3. Insects
Question 31.
Bt toxin becomes active inside the insect gut because of:
1. Acidic pH
2. High temperature
3. Neutral pH
4. Alkaline pH
Answer:
1. Acidic pH
Question 32.
Golden Rice has been genetically modified to produce :
1. Calcium
2. Protein
3. Vitamin A precursor
4. Iron
Answer:
3. Vitamin A precursor
Question 33.
The primary objective behind developing Golden Rice is to overcome:
1. Iron deficiency
2. Vitamin A deficiency
3. Protein deficiency
4. Calcium deficiency
Answer:
2. Vitamin A deficiency
Question 34.
DNA fingerprinting is mainly used for identifying:
1. Species
2. Organs
3. Cells
4. Individuals
Answer:
4. Individuals
Question 35.
DNA fingerprinting is based on differences in:
1. RNA
2. DNA sequences
3. Enzymes
4. Proteins
Answer:
2. DNA sequences
Question 36.
Restriction enzymes recognize particular DNA regions known as:
1. Genes
2. Recognition sites
3. Codons
4. Operons
Answer:
2. Recognition sites
Question 37.
Which enzyme is responsible for DNA synthesis during PCR?
1. Join DNA
2. Destroy DNA
3. Cut DNA
4. Synthesize DNA
Answer:
4. Synthesize DNA
Question 38.
PCR involves repeated cycles of:
1. Replication only
2. Elongation
3. Mutation
4. Digestion
Answer:
2. Elongation
Question 39.
The gene transferred into a host organism is called :
1. Vector
2. Enzyme
3. Protein
4. Insert
Answer:
4. Insert
Question 40.
Plasmids are naturally present in:
1. Animals
2. Plants
3. Bacteria
4. Fungi
Answer:
3. Bacteria
Question 41.
What is the main function of a cloning vector?
1. Produce enzymes
2. Destroy DNA
3. Carry foreign DNA
4. Mutate genes
Answer:
3. Carry foreign DNA
Question 42.
The Ti plasmid is most commonly used in genetic engineering of:
1. Bacteria
2. Fungi
3. Animals
4. Plants
Answer:
4. Plants
Question 43.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is mainly used to transfer genes into:
1. Humans
2. Plants
3. Viruses
4. Animals
Answer:
2. Plants
Question 44.
What is the purpose of a selectable marker in a vector?
1. Replication
2. Identifying transformed cells
3. Joining DNA
4. Cutting DNA
Answer:
2. Identifying transformed cells
Question 45.
Recombinant DNA technology mainly involves:
1. Protein synthesis
2. DNA recombination
3. DNA destruction
4. Mutation
Answer:
2. DNA recombination
Question 46.
Which process follows the insertion of DNA into a vector?
1. Replication
2. Mutation
3. Transformation into host
4. Digestion
Answer:
3. Transformation into host
Question 47.
Bt toxin is activated in the insect gut because of:
1. Temperature
2. Alkaline pH
3. Neutral pH
4. Acidic pH
Answer:
2. Alkaline pH
Question 48.
The process of introducing foreign DNA into a host cell is known as:
1. Replication
2. Transformation
3. Transcription
4. Translation
Answer:
2. Transformation
Question 49.
Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) are mainly used in:
1. Mutation
2. DNA fingerprinting
3. Cloning
4. PCR
Answer:
2. DNA fingerprinting
Question 50.
The insulin gene is introduced into:
1. Plant
2. Vims
3. Human cell
4. Bacteria
Answer:
4. Bacteria
Question 51.
Bioreactors are mainly used for:
1. Mutation
2. Large-scale production
3. DNA cutting
4. Digestion
Answer:
2. Large-scale production
Question 52.
Biopiracy refers to the unauthorized exploitation of:
1. Chemicals
2. Energy
3. Biological resources
4. Machines
Answer:
3. Biological resources
Question 53.
DNA ligase functions to:
1. Replicate DNA
2. Joining DNA fragments
3. Mutating DNA
4. Cutting DNA
Answer:
2. Joining DNA fragments
Question 54.
In PCR, primers are mainly required to:
1. Destroy DNA
2. Cut DNA
3. Start DNA synthesis
4. Join DNA
Answer:
3. Start DNA synthesis
Question 55.
Bt cotton is developed for the production of:
1. Protein toxin
2. Hormone
3. Enzyme
4. Lipid
Answer:
1. Protein toxin
Question 56.
Gene therapy is primarily useful in treating:
1. Metabolic diseases
2. Nutritional diseases
3. Infectious diseases
4. Genetic disorders
Answer:
4. Genetic disorders
Question 57.
DNA fingerprinting is based on variation in:
1. Proteins
2. DNA sequences
3. Lipids
4. RNA
Answer:
2. DNA sequences
Question 58.
Recombinant human insulin does not trigger allergic reactions because it is:
1. Artificial
2. Synthetic
3. Identical to human insulin
4. Mutated
Answer:
3. Identical to human insulin
Question 59.
During transformation, DNA is introduced into:
1. Host cell
2. Vector
3. Protein
4. Enzyme
Answer:
1. Host cell
Question 60.
The primary objective of biotechnology in agriculture is to: ‘
1. Enhance quality
2. Increase yield
3. Improve resistance
4. All of these
Answer:
4. All of these
Question 61.
Which enzyme is commonly used in PCR?
1. Restriction enzyme
2. Taq polymerase
3. Helicase
4. Ligase
Answer:
2. Taq polymerase
Question 62.
The inserted gene in a plasmid is called a:
1. Protein
2. Marker
3. Insert
4. Vector
Answer:
3. Insert
Question 63.
Recombinant DNA technology is also known as:
1. Cloning
2. Mutation
3. Isolation
4. Genetic engineering
Answer:
4. Genetic engineering
Question 64.
Transgenic plants are resistant to:
1. Diseases
2. Environmental stress
3. Pests
4. All of These
Answer:
4. All of These
Question 65.
The major ethical issue associated with biotechnology is:
1. Mutation
2. Isolation
3. Growth
4. Biopiracy
Answer:
4. Biopiracy
Question 66.
The success of recombinant DNA technology depends on:
1. Host cells
2. Enzymes
3. Vectors
4. All of these
Answer:
4. All of these
Question 67.
Biotechnology applications improve:
1. Industry
2. Agriculture
3. Health
4. All of these
Answer:
4. All of these
Question 68.
The overall objective of biotechnology is to develop:
1. Harmful agents
2. Useful products
3. Mutations
4. Isolation
Answer:
2. Useful products