These TS 10th Class Maths Chapter Wise Important Questions Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations given here will help you to solve different types of questions.
TS 10th Class Maths Important Questions Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations
Previous Exams Questions
Question 1.
Write the roots of quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 when b2 – 4ac ≥ 0. (A.P.Mar. 15)
Solution:
When b2 – 4ac ≥ 0 then the roots of given quadratic equation,
ax2 + bx + c = 0 are
\(\frac{-b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}{2 a}\) and \(\frac{-b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}{2 a}\)
Question 2.
Write the two roots of quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 when b2 – 4ac = 0 is given.
Solution:
When b2 – 4ac = 0 then the roots of given quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c =0 are
\(\frac{-b}{2 a}\) and \(\frac{-b}{2 a}\) that means they are equal to \(\frac{-b}{2 a}\).
Question 3.
What do you say about the roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 when b2 – 4ac > 0 is given. (A.P. Mar. ’16)
Solution:
The discriminant b2 – 4ac > 0 of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is positive. Hence its roots are real and unequal.
Question 4.
Find the value of k in the quadratic equation 9x2 + kx + 1 = 0 when its roots are equal. (T.S.Mar. 16)
Solution:
We know the roots of a quadratic equation are equal if and only if its discriminant is zero, i.e. for ax2 + bx + c = 0, b2 – 4ac = 0 here a = 9, b = k, c = 1
then b2 – 4ac = 0 becomes
k2 – 4.9.1 = 0
⇒ k – 36 = 0
∴ k2 = 36 and k = \(\sqrt{36}\) = ±6
So k = ±6.
Question 5.
If sum of squares of two consecutive positive even number is 100 then find them. (T.S.Mar. 16)
Solution:
Let the first positive even number = x say
Then its square = x2
The consecutive even number = x + 2
Then square of it = (x + 2)2
Sum of squares of above two
⇒ (x)2 + (x + 2)2 = 100
⇒ x2 + x2 + 4x + 4 = 100
⇒ 2x2 + 4x + 4 – 100 = 0
⇒ 2x2 + 4x – 96 = 0
⇒ x2 + 2x – 48 = 0
⇒ x2 + 8x – 6x – 48 = 0
⇒ x(x + 8) – 6(x + 8) = 0
⇒ (x – 6) (x + 8) = 0
⇒ x – 6 = 0 or x + 8 = 0
⇒ x = 6 or x = -8
We consider x = 6 only because it is a positive even.
⇒ x + 2 = 6 + 2 = 8
Then the given numbers are 6 and 8
Verification :
62 + 82 =36 + 64 = 100. So verified.
Additional Questions
Question 1.
Check whether the following are quadratic equations or not.
i) (x + 2)2 = 3(x – 4)
ii) x2 – 3x = -4(2 – x)
iii) (x – 1) (x + 2) = (x + 1) (x + 3)
iv) (x – 3)2 = x2 + 5x + 6
v) (x + 1)3 = 3x(x2 – 2)
i) (x + 2)2 = 3(x – 4)
Solution:
Given (x + 2)2 = 3(x – 4)
⇒ x2 + 4x + 4 = 3x – 12
⇒ x2 + 4x – 3x + 4 + 12 = 0
⇒ x2 + x + 16 = 0 is a Q.E.
ii) x2 – 3x = -4(2 – x)
Solution:
Given x2 – 3x = -4(2 – x)
⇒ x2 – 3x = -8 + 4x
⇒ x2 – 3x – 4x + 8 = 0
⇒ x2 – 7x + 6 = 0 is a Q.E.
iii) (x – 1) (x + 2) = (x + 1) (x + 3)
Solution:
Given (x – 1) (x + 2) = (x + 1) (x + 3)
⇒ x2 + 2x – x – 2 = x2 + 3x + x + 3
⇒ x – 2 = 4x + 3
⇒ 4x – x + 3 + 2 = 0
⇒ 3x + 5 = 0 in not a Q.E.
iv) (x – 3)2 = x2 + 5x + 6
Solution:
Given (x – 3)2 = x2 + 5x + 6
⇒ x2 – 6x + 9
⇒ x2 + 5x + 6 = x2 + 5x + 6
-6x – 5x + 9 – 6 = 0
⇒ -11x + 3 = 0
⇒ 11x – 3 = 0 is not a Q.E.
v) (x + 1)3 = 3x(x2 – 2)
Solution:
⇒ x3 + 1 + 3x2 + 3x = 3x3 – 6x
[∴ (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3a2b + 3ab2]
⇒ x3 – 3x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 6x + 1 = 0
⇒ -2x3 + 3x2 + 9x + 1 ≥ 0 is not a Q.E.
(∴ degree = 3)
Question 2.
Represent the following situations in the form of quadratic equations.
i) The area of a rectangular plot is 150 m2. The length of the plot is two more than thrice its breadth. We have to find the length and breadth of the plot.
ii) The product of the consecutive positive integers is 462. We need to find the integers.
iii) Bhuvan’s mother is 25 years older than him. Their product of their ages after 4 years will be 350 years. We need to find Bhuvan’s present age.
i) The area of a rectangular plot is 150 m2. The length of the plot is two more than thrice its breadth. We have to find the length and breadth of the plot.
Solution:
Let the breadth of the rectangular plot be x m
Then its length (by the problem) = 3x + 2
Now Area of plot = length × breadth
= (3x + 2) × x
= 3x2 + 2x
But given area = 150 m2
⇒ 3x2 + 2x = 150
⇒ 3x2 + 2x – 150 = 0
Where x is the breadth of the plot.
ii) The product of the conseuctive positive integers is 462. We need to find the integers.
Solution:
Let the consecutive integers be x and x + 1.
Their product = x(x + 1) = x2 + x
By the problem x2 + x = 462
⇒ x2 + x – 462 = 0
Where x is the smaller integer,
iii) Bhuvan’s mother is 25 years older than him. Their product of their ages after 4 years will be 350 years. We need to find Bhuvan’s present age.
Solution:
Let the present are of Bhuvan be x years.
Then age of Bhuvan’s mother = x + 25
After 4 years :
Age of Bhuvan would be = x + 4
Bhuvan’s mother’s age would be = (x + 25) + 4
= x + 29
By the problem, (x + 4) (x + 29) = 350
⇒ x(x + 29) + 4(x + 29) = 350
⇒ x2 + 29x + 4x + 116 = 350
⇒ x2 + 33x + 116 – 350 = 0
⇒ x2 + 33x – 234 = 0
Where x is Bhuvan’s present age.
Question 3.
Find the roots of the following quadratic equations by factorisation.
i) x2 – 6x + 5 = 0
ii) 2x2 – 7x + 6 = 0
iii) x(x + 7) = -12
iv) 3x2 + 7x – 6 = 0
i) x2 – 6x + 5 = 0
Solution:
Given x2 – 6x + 5 = 0
x2 – x – 5x + 5 = 0
x(x – 1) -5(x – 1) = 0
⇒ x – 1 = 0 or x – 5 = 0
⇒ x = 1 or x = 5
⇒ x = 1 or 5
ii) 2x2 – 7x + 6 = 0
Solution:
Given 2x2 – 7x + 6 = 0
⇒ 2x2 – 4x – 3x + 6 = 0
⇒ 2x(x – 2) -3(x – 2) = 0
⇒ (x – 2) (2x – 3) = 0
⇒ x – 2 = 0 or 2x – 3 = 0
⇒ x = 2 or 2x = 3 ⇒ x = \(\frac{3}{2}\)
⇒ x = 2 or \(\frac{3}{2}\)
iii) x(x + 7) = -12
Solution:
Given x(x + 7) = -12
⇒ x2 + 7x = -12
⇒ x2 + 7x + 12 = 0
⇒ x2 + 4x + 3x + 12 = 0
⇒ x(x + 4) + 3(x + 4) = 0
⇒ (x + 4) (x + 3) = 0
⇒ x + 4 = 0 or x + 3 = 0
⇒ x = -4 or x = -3
⇒ x = -4 or -3
iv) 3x2 + 7x – 6 = 0
Solution:
Given 3x2 + 7x – 6 = 0
⇒ 3x2 + 9x – 2x – 6 = 0
⇒ 3x(x + 3) – 2(x + 3) = 0
⇒ (x + 3) (3x – 2) = 0
⇒ x + 3 = 0 or 3x – 2 = 0
⇒ x = -3 or n = \(\frac{2}{3}\)
Question 4.
Find two numbers whose sum is 10 and product is 24.
Solution:
Let a number be x.
Then the other number = 10 – x
By Problem, product of numbers = 24
⇒ x(10 – x) = 24
⇒ 10x – x2 = 24
⇒ x2 – 10x + 24 = 0
⇒ x2 – 4x – 6x + 24 = 0
⇒ x(x – 4) – 6(x – 4) = 0
⇒ (x – 4) (x – 6) = 0
⇒ x – 4 = 0 or n – 6 = 0
⇒ x = 4 or n = 6
∴ The numbers are 4, 10 – 4 = 6 or 6, 10 – 6 = 4
6, 10 – 6 = 4
Question 5.
Find the consecutive positive integers, sum of whose squares is 145.
Solution:
Let a positive integer be x.
Then the second integer = x + 1.
By the problem, sum of the squares of the above integers = 145
⇒ x2 + (x + 1)2 = 145
⇒ x2 + x2 + 1 + 2x = 145
⇒ 2x2 + 2x + 1 – 145 = 0
⇒ 2x2 + 2x – 144 = 0 (Dividing by 2)
⇒ x2 + x – 72 = 0
⇒ x2 + 9x – 8x – 72 = 0
⇒ x(x + 9) – 8(x + 9) = 0
⇒ (x + 9) (x – 8) = 0
⇒ x + 9 = 0 or x – 8 = 0
⇒ x = -9 or x = 8
The numbers are 8, 8 + 1 = 9; 8, 9
(∴ We have to take positive integers)
Question 6.
The base of a right angle is 7 cm more than its altitude. If the hypotenuse is 13 cm, find the other two sides.
Solution:
Let the altitude of the right angle = x cm
Thenitsbase = x + 7 cm
By pythagoras theorem,
(base)2 + (height)2 = (hypotenuse)2
(x + 7)2 + x2 = 132
⇒ x2 +49 + 14x + x2 = 169
⇒ 2x2 + 14x + 169 – 49 = 0
⇒ 2x2 + 14x – 120 = 0 (Dividing by 2)
⇒ x2 + 7x – 60 = 0
⇒ x2 + 12x – 5x – 60 = 0
⇒ x(x + 12) – 5(x + 12) = 0
⇒ (x + 12) (x – 5) = 0
⇒ x + 12 = 0 or x – 5 = 0
⇒ x = -12 or x = 5
Take x = 5 (∴ x cannot be negative)
and x + 7 = 5 + 7 = 12
∴ The two sides are 5 cm and 12 cm.
Question 7.
Find the dimensions of a rectangle whose perimeter is 30 metres and whose area is 50 square meters.
Solution:
Let the length of the rectangle = x
Given perimeter = 2(l + b) = 30
⇒ l + b = \(\frac{30}{2}\) = 15
∴ Breadth of the rectangle = 15 – x
But Area = Length × Breadth
= x(15 – x)
= 15x – x2
By the problem, 15x – x2 = 50
⇒ x2 – 15x + 50 = 0
⇒ x2 – 10x – 5x + 50 = 0
⇒ x(x – 10) – 5(x – 10) = 0
⇒ (x – 10) (x – 5) = 0
⇒ x = 10 or 5
∴ Length 10 m or 5 m
Then breadth = 15 – 10 or 15 – 5
= 5 m = 10 m
Question 8.
Find the roots of the following quadratic equations, If they exist, by the method of the completing the square.
i) x2 + 5x = 4
ii) 4x2 + 6x = 3
i) x2 + 5x = 4
Solution:
Given x2 + 5x = 4
⇒ x2 + 2.5 x \(\frac{5}{2}\) = 4
⇒ x2 + 2. x. \(\frac{5}{2}\) = 4
Now L.H.S is of the form a2 + 2ab
When b = \(\frac{5}{2}\)
Adding b2 = (\(\frac{5}{2}\))2 = \(\frac{25}{4}\) on both sideswe get
ii) 4x2 + 6x3
Solution:
Given 4x2 + 6x = 3
⇒ (2x)2 + 2.(2x) \(\frac{3}{2}\) = 3
Now LH.S is of the form a2 + 2ab
When b = \(\frac{3}{2}\)
Adding b2 = (\(\frac{3}{2}\))2 = \(\frac{9}{4}\) on both sides
Question 9.
Find the roots of the following quadratic equations by applying the quadratic formula.
i) 3x2 + 4x – 12 = 0
ii) 2x2 + 2\(\sqrt{3}\)x – 3 = 0
i) 3x2 + 4x – 12 = 0
Solution:
Given 3x2 + 4x – 12 = 0
Comparing this quadratic equation with ax2 + bx + c = 0
a = 3, b = 4, c = -12
ii) 2x2 + 2\(\sqrt{3}\)x – 3 = 0
Solution:
Given 2x2 + 2\(\sqrt{3}\)x – 3 = 0
Comparing this quadratic equation with ax2 + bx + c = 0
a = 2, b = 2\(\sqrt{3}\), c = -3
Question 10.
The sum of the reciprocals of Mohans ages (in years) 2 years ago and 3 years from now is \(\frac{9}{14}\). Find his present age.
Solution:
Let the present age of Mohan be x years
2 years ago Mohan’s age = x – 2
and its receprocal is \(\frac{1}{x-2}\)
Mohans age 3 years from now = x + 3
and its reciprocal is \(\frac{1}{x+3}\)
The sum of the reciprocals = \(\frac{1}{x-2}\) + \(\frac{1}{x+3}\)
= \(\frac{x+3+x-2}{(x-2)(x+3)}\)
= \(\frac{2 x+1}{x^2+3 x-2 x-6}\) = \(\frac{2 x+1}{x^2+x-6}\)
By problem, \(\frac{2 x+1}{x^2+x-6}\) = \(\frac{9}{14}\)
⇒ 9(x2 + x – 6) = 14(2x + 1)
⇒ 9x2 + 9x – 54 = 28x + 14
⇒ 9x2 + 9x – 28x – 54 – 14 = 0
⇒ 9x2 – 19x – 68 = 0
⇒ 9x2 – 36x + 17x – 68 = 0
⇒ 9x(x – 4) + 17(x – 4) = 0
⇒ (x – 4)(9x + 17) = 0
⇒ x = 4 or x = \(\frac{-17}{9}\)
But x can’t be negative
x = 4
i.e., present age of Mohan = x = 4 years.
Question 11.
In a class test, the sum of Radhika’s marks in Physics and English is 40. If she got 3 marks more in physics and 4 marks less in English, the product of her marks would have been 338. Find her marks in the two subjects.
Solution:
Sum of the marks in Physics and English = 40
Let Radhika’s marks in physics be x
Then her marks in English = 40 – x
If she got 3 more marks in Physics.
Then her marks would be x + 3
If she got 4 marks less in English, then her marks would be 40 – x – 4 = 36 – x
By problem, (x + 3) (36 – x) = 338
⇒ 36x – x2 + 108 – 3x = 338
⇒ -x2 + 33x + 108 – 338 = 0
⇒ -x2 + 33x – 230 = 0
⇒ x2 – 33x + 230 = 0
⇒ x2 – 10x – 23x + 230 = 0
⇒ x(x – 10) – 23(x – 10) = 0
⇒ (x – 10) (x – 23) = 0
⇒ x – 10 = 0 or x – 23 = 0
⇒ x = 10 or 23
If x = 10, then marks in Physics = 12 and English = 40 – 12 = 28
If x = 23, then marks in Physics = 23 and English = 40 – 23 = 17
Question 12.
The difference of square of larger number and 5 times the larger number is 104. What are the larger number and smaller number ?
Solution:
Let the larger number be ‘x’ and the smaller number be 5x.
By the problem x2 – 5x = 104
⇒ x2 – 5x – 104 = 0
⇒ x2 – 13x + 8x – 104 = 0
⇒ x(x – 13) + 8(x – 13) = 0
⇒ (x – 13) (x + 8) = 0
⇒ x – 13 = 0 orx + 8 = 0
⇒ x = 13 or x = -8
But x can’t be negative
x = 13
∴ The larger number = x = 13 and the smaller number = 5x = 5 × 13 = 65.
Question 13.
Find the nature of the roots of the following Quadratic Equations. If real root exists, find them.
i) 3x2 – 2x + 4 = 0
ii) 2x2 + 4x – 3 = 0
i) 3x2 – 2x + 4 = 0
Solution:
Given 3x2 – 2x + 4 = 0
Here a = 3, b = -2, c = 4
Discriminant = b2 – 4ac
= (-2)2 – 4.3.4
= 4 – 48
= -44 < 0
∴ Roots are imaginary
ii) 2x2 + 4x – 3 = 0
Solution:
Given 2x2 + 4x – 3 = 0
Here a = 2, b = 4, c = -3
Discriminant = b2 – 4ac
= 42 – (4.2. – 3)
= 16 + 24
= 40 > 0
∴ The roots are real and distinct.
Question 14.
Find the value of k for each of the following quadratic equations so that they have equal roots.
i) x2 – kx + 25 = 0
ii) kx(x – 3) + 9 = 0
Solution:
Given x2 – kx + 25 = 0
Here a = 1, b = -k, c = 25
As this Q.E. has equal roots.
b2 – 4ac = 0
(-k)2 – 4.1.25 = 0
⇒ k2 – 100 = 0
⇒ k2 = 100
⇒ k = ± \(\sqrt{100}\) = ± 10
∴ k = ± 10
ii) kx(x – 3) + 9 = 0
Solution:
Given kx(x – 3) + 9 = 0
⇒ kx2 – 3kx + 9 = 0
Here a = k, b = -3k, c = 9
As this Q.E. has equal roots
b2 – 4ac = 0
(-3k)2 – 4.k.9 = 0
⇒ 9k2 – 36k = 0
⇒ 9k(k – 4) = 0
⇒ k = 0, or k – 4 = 0
⇒ k = 0 or k = 4
But k = 0 is trival
∴ k = 4
Question 15.
Is it possible to design a rectangular garden whose length is 4 times its breadth, and the area is 3600 m2 ? If so, find its length and breadth.
Solution:
Let the breadth = x m
Then length = 4x m
Area = length × breadth
= 4x × x = 4x2 m2
By problem, 4x2 = 3600
⇒ x2 = 900
⇒ x = ± \(\sqrt{900}\) = ± 30
∴ Breadth = x = 30 m and length = 4x = 4 × 30 = 120 m
Question 16.
Write the quadratic equation whose roots are the solutions of 2x + y = 7 and x – y = 2. (AP-SA-I : 2016)
Solution:
Given equations are 2x + y = 7 —- (1)
and x – y = 2 —- (2)
Solving the above equations
Substituting x = 3 in equation (2)
3 – y = 2
⇒ -y = 2 – 3 = -1
⇒ -y = -1
y = 1
∴ Solutions of (1) and (2) are x = 3, y = 1
Which are the roots of required quadratic equation.
∴ Required quadratic equation is (x – 3) (x – 1) = 0
⇒ x2 – x – 3x + 3 = 0
x2 – 4x + 3 = 0
Question 17.
Solve the equation 3x = 5x + 2. (AP-SA-1:2016)
Solution:
3x = 5x+2
Take log on both sides. log3x = log 5X+2
x log 3 = (x + 2) log 5 [log am = m log a]
x log 3 = x log 5 + 2 log 5
x[log 3 – log 5] = 2 log 5
x = \(\frac{2 \log 5}{\log 3-\log 5}\)
Question 18.
Find the roots of the equation 5x2 – 6x – 2 = 0 by the method of completing square. (AP – SA -1:2016)
Solution:
5x2 – 6x – 2 = 0
5x2 – 6x = 2
\(\frac{5 x^2}{5}\) – \(\frac{6}{5}\) = \(\frac{2}{5}\)
x2 – \(\frac{6}{5}\)x =\(\frac{2}{5}\)
Add (\(\frac{3}{5}\))2 on both sides