State Judiciary Questions and Answers AP Inter 2nd Year Civics Chapter 8

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Reviewing AP Inter 2nd Year Civics Study Material Chapter 8 State Judiciary Questions and Answers can help students prepare confidently for exams.

AP Inter 2nd Year Civics 8th Lesson State Judiciary Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
What are the qualifications required to become a High Court judge?
Answer:
High Court Judge’s Qualifications (Article 217):

  • Should be a citizen of India.
  • Should have held a judicial office in the territory of India for at least 10 years (or)
  • Should have been an advocate of a High Court for at least 10 years.

Question 2.
Mention two administrative functions of the High Court.
Answer:
Administrative functions of the High Court:

  • Supervisory Power (Article 227)
  • Rule-Making and Record-Keeping
  • Transfer of Cases (Article 228)
  • Staff Control (Article 235)

Question 3.
Name any four High Courts in India along with their headquarters.
Answer:

  1. Andhra Pradesh High Court- Amaravati
  2. Telangana High Court – Hyderabad
  3. Madras High Court-Chennai
  4. Bombay High Court-Mumbai
  5. Calcutta High Court- Kolkata

Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
Explain any two jurisdictions exercised by the State High Court.
Answer:
I. Original Jurisdiction

  1. Writ Petitions: Under Article 226, every High Court has the power to issue writs for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights as well as for any other purpose.
    Writs: Habeas corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, Quo warranto
  2. Election petitions: High Courts have jurisdiction over election petitions relating to elections to the Parliament and State Legislatures, under the Representation of the People Act, 1951.
  3. All High Courts possess original jurisdiction in cases relating to contempt of court (Article 215).

II. Appellate Jurisdiction

1. Civil Cases: Appeals to the High Court generally lie from the decisions of District Courts. A second appeal to the High Court is permitted under Section 100 of the Code of Civil Procedure, but only if the case involves a substantial question of law.

2. Criminal Cases: In criminal matters, the High Court hears appeals against convictions and sentences passed by subordinate courts in accordance with the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC). Currently, the revised and modified provisions of The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (2023) are being followed.

State Judiciary Questions and Answers AP Inter 2nd Year Civics Chapter 8

Question 2.
Briefly explain two features that make a High Court a court of record.
Answer:
Every High Court is a Court of Record under Article 215 of the Constitution of India. This status confers two important powers.

1. Power to Punish for Contempt: The High Court has the authority to punish for contempt of itself. Contempt may be civil or criminal. The punishment may include simple imprisonment, fine, or both.

2. Maintenance of Judicial Records: The judgments, orders, and proceedings of the High Court are permanently recorded. These records carry evidentiary value and serve as judicial precedents for subordinate courts within the State.

This power of the High Court as a Court of Record under Article 215 is similar to that of the Supreme Court under Article 129 of the Constitution.

Long Answer Questions

Question 1.
Describe the Collegium System used in appointing high Court judges.
Answer:
The Collegium System in appointing High Court Judges: Although the Constitution vests the power of appointment formally in the President of India, in practice the process is governed by the Collegium System, which evolved through the Supreme Court’s landmark judgments in the Three Judges Cases (1981, 1993, and 1998)

1. Initiation by High Court Collegium:

  • The process begins with the High Court Collegium, consisting of the Chief Justice of the High Court and the two senior-most judges.
  • The Collegium identifies and recommends names of suitable candidates for appointment as judges of the High Court.

2. Review by Supreme Court Collegium:

  • The recommendations are sent to the Supreme Court Collegium, which consists of the Chief Justice of India and the four senior-most judges of the Supreme Court.
  • The Supreme Court Collegium reviews the proposals and may approve, modify, or reject the names.

3. Processing by Union Law Ministry:

  • The approved recommendations are forwarded to the Union Law Ministry.
  • The Ministry conducts the necessary administrative checks, including verification of the candidates’ background, and prepares the proposal for the executive.

4. Advisory Role of the Prime Minister:

  • The Law Ministry submits the proposal to the Prime Minister, who provides advice to the President of India regarding the appointments.

5. Formal Appointment by the President:

  • The President of India makes the formal appointment of High Court judges based on the Collegium’s recommendation.
  • By constitutional convention, the President acts according to the Collegium’s recommendation.
  • The President may return a name once for reconsideration. If the Collegium reiterates its recommendation, the President is constitutionally bound to approve the appointment

6. Finalization:

  • After approval, the appointee is officially sworn in as a Judge of the High Court.

Question 2.
Write an essay on district level courts.
Answer:
The District Level Judiciary in India serves as the backbone of the judicial system, delivering justice at the grassroots level. It operates under the supervision of the High Courts is primarily responsible for adjudicating civil, criminal, and other local disputes.

District Courts handle civil matters such as property disputes, family law cases, and contract issues, while Sessions Courts address serious criminal cases like murder, robbery, and other offenses under the Indian Penal Code. Subordinate courts, including Judicial Magistrates, Civil Judges, and specialised courts (e.g., family courts or consumer courts), function under the District Judge’s oversight to address a wide range of legal matters. These courts act as the first point of contact for most litigants, ensuring justice is accessible without the need to escalate to higher courts.

Governed by the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC) for civil cases and the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) for criminal cases, the District Judiciary operates within a structured legal framework. The judiciary’s independence is safeguarded by constitutional provisions, ensuring decisions are free from external influence.

With the integration of technology, such as e-Courts and virtual hearings, the District Judiciary is evolving to enhance access and reduce case backlogs.

In every State, there exists a system of subordinate courts functioning below the High Court. The Constitution of India safeguards the independence of the subordinate judiciary. Articles 233 to 237 in Part VI of the Constitution deal with matters relating to the subordinate courts.

State Judiciary Questions and Answers AP Inter 2nd Year Civics Chapter 8

Question 3.
What are the powers and functions of the Advocate General of a State?
Answer:
Every State in the Indian Union has an Advocate General, who corresponds to the Attorney General of India at the Union level. He is the highest law officer in the State and performs functions similar to those of the Attorney General but at the State level. The Advocate General is appointed by the Governor of the State under Article 165 of the Constitution.

Powers and Functions of Advocate General (AG):

  1. AG advises the State Government upon such legal matters which are referred to him/her by the Governor.
  2. AG performs such other duties of a legal character that are assigned to him/her by the Governor.
  3. AG discharges the functions conferred on him/ her by the Constitution.
  4. AG appeared before any court of law within the State.
  5. AG has a right to speak and to take part as member in the proceedings of the house (s) but no right to vote.

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Writ petitions under Article 226 can be filed in
1. District Courts only
2. High Courts only
3. Both District and High Courts
4. Supreme Court only
Answer:
2. High Courts only

Question 2.
The High Court was established under which Article of the Indian Constitution?
1. Article 214
2. Article 324
3. Article 356
4. Article 226
Answer:
1. Article 214

Question 3.
Who administers the oath of office to a High Court judge?
1. Chief Justice of India
2. Governor of the State
3. President of India
4. Prime Minister
Answer:
2. Governor of the State

Question 4.
To be appointed as a High Court judge, a person must have served as a judicial officer in India for at least years.
1. 5 years
2. 7 years
3. 10 years
4. 12 years
Answer:
3. 10 years

Question 5.
A judge of the High Court can be removed by the President on grounds of
1. Inefficiency
2. Corruption only
3. Proven misbehavior or incapacity
4. Political pressure
Answer:
3. Proven misbehavior or incapacity

State Judiciary Questions and Answers AP Inter 2nd Year Civics Chapter 8

Question 6.
The Advocate General is appointed by the
1. President
2. Chief Minister
3. Governor
4. Chief Justice of the High Court
Answer:
3. Governor

Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
The retirement age of a High Court judge is ____________ years.
Answer:
62

Question 2.
The High Court is a court of record under Article ____________ of the Constitution.
Answer:
215

Question 3.
The High Court of Andhra Pradesh is located at ____________
Answer:
Amaravathi

Question 4.
The High Court judges are appointed by ____________
Answer:
President

Question 5.
The High Court of Madhya Pradesh is located at ____________
Answer:
Jabalpur

One Word Answers

Question 1.
When was the Andhra Pradesh High Court (new) established at Amaravati?
Answer:
2019

Question 2.
Who appoints the District Judge?
Answer:
Governor

State Judiciary Questions and Answers AP Inter 2nd Year Civics Chapter 8

Question 3.
Who is the highest law officer in a State?
Answer:
Advocate General

Question 4.
Where does the common High Court for Nagaland, Assam, Mizoram, and Arunachal Pradesh is located at?
Answer:
Gauhati