Reproductive Health Questions and Answers AP Inter 2nd Year Zoology Chapter 2

Reviewing AP Inter 2nd Year Zoology Study Material Chapter 2 Reproductive Health Questions and Answers can help students prepare confidently for exams.

AP Inter 2nd Year Zoology 2nd Lesson Reproductive Health Questions and Answers

IV. Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
What in your view, are the reasons for population explosion, especially in India?
Answer:

Significant reduction in the death rate.
Decrease in Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR).
Reduction in Infant Mortality Rate (IMR).
Increase in the number of people belonging to the reproductive age group.

Question 2.
What is amniocentesis? Name any two disorders that can be detected through amniocentesis.
Answer:
1. Amniocentesis is a prenatal diagnostic technique used to identify genetic abnormalities in an unborn child.
2. Disorders that can be detected include:

Down syndrome
Edward’s syndrome
Tumer’s syndrome

3. In this procedure, a sample of amniotic fluid is collected, and foetal cells are examined.
4. However, misuse of this method for determining the sex of the foetus has led to legal restrictions.

Question 3.
List out the contraceptive methods available to the couples.
Answer:

Periodic abstinence
Condoms
Vasectomy (male sterilization)
Tubectomy (female sterilization)
Coitus interruptus (withdrawal method)

Question 4.
Mention the advantage of Lactational Amenorrhea. (APMAY-22)(APMAR.-19,24)
Answer:
Advantages of Lactational Amenorrhea (Breastfeeding Method):

During the period of exclusive breastfeeding, the likelihood of conception is extremely low.
Breastfed infants receive enhanced immunity and protection against allergic conditions.

Question 5.
List the different types of Intrauterine Devices (IUDs) used to avoid pregnancy.
Answer:
The various categories of Intrauterine Devices (IUDs) are:

Non-medicated IUDs Example: Lippes Loop
Copper-releasing IUDs Examples: Cu-T (Copper-T), Cu-7, Multiload 375
Hormone-releasing IUDs Examples: Progestasert, LNG-20

Question 6.
Mention the mode of action of oral contraceptive pills (daily pills) in preventing pregnancy.
Answer:

Oral contraceptive pills mainly prevent pregnancy by suppressing ovulation.
They also increase the thickness of cervical mucus, thereby restricting sperm entry into the uterus, and alter the endometrium, making it unfavorable for implantation.

Question 7.
What measures should one take to prevent sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)? (AP MAR-17, 23)
Answer:
Measures to Prevent STDs:

Avoid sexual contact with unknown individuals or multiple partners.
Use condoms consistently during sexual intercourse.
Seek medical consultation for early diagnosis of STDs.
Complete the prescribed treatment if an infection is detected.

8. What are the reasons for infertility in human beings?
Answer:

Infertility may result from physical abnormalities, hormonal imbalances, infections or diseases i (including STIs), and genetic disorders.
It may also arise due to a low sperm count or other male reproductive problems.

V. Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
Why is the introduction of sex education in schools is necessary?
Answer:

Sex education is important because adolescents experience many physical and emotional changes and are naturally curious about reproductive processes.
Accurate knowledge about reproductive organs, adolescence, bodily changes, and safe hygienic practices helps students understand these developments properly.
Awareness about sexually transmitted diseases enables students to recognize the consequences of unsafe sexual behavior.
Therefore, school students should receive scientifically correct information regarding sex and reproductive health.

Question 2.
Describe the following contraceptive methods.
(a) Natural Methods
(b) Surgical Methods
Answer:
(a) Natural Methods of Contraception: Natural methods prevent pregnancy by avoiding the meeting of sperm and ovum.

Periodic Abstinence: The couple refrains from sexual intercourse during the fertile period (usually from the 10th to 17th day of the menstrual cycle), thereby reducing the chances of fertilization.
Withdrawal or Coitus Interruptus: The male partner withdraws the penis before ejaculation, preventing sperm from entering the female reproductive tract.

(b) Surgical Methods of Contraception: These methods are permanent sterilization procedures.

Vasectomy: A small incision is made on both sides of the scrotum, and a portion of the vas deferens is cut and tied. This prevents sperm from reaching the seminal fluid, making the semen free of sperms.
Tubectomy: Small incisions are made on both sides of the lower abdomen. A section of each fallopian tube is cut and tied, preventing the ovum from reaching the site of fertilization and thereby preventing pregnancy.

Question 3.
Which barrier methods are effectively useful for newly married couples to avoid conception?
Answer:
Barrier methods prevent fertilization by physically blocking the meeting of sperm and ovum.

Condoms (Male and Female): These are thin latex or rubber coverings used over the penis or inside the female reproductive tract. They are easily available, disposable, provide privacy, and also offer protection against STIs and AIDS.
Diaphragms, Cervical Caps, and Vaults: These devices are inserted into the female reproductive tract to cover the cervix and prevent sperm entry. They can be reused and are effective contraceptive barriers.
Spermicidal Agents: Creams, jellies, and foams are used along with barrier devices to destroy or immobilize sperms, thereby increasing contraceptive effectiveness. These methods are safe, reversible, user-friendly, and have very few side effects, making them suitable for newly married couples.

Question 4.
Write short notes on any two of the following.
(a) MTP (Medical Termination of Pregnancy)
(b) RTI (Reproductive Tract Infections)
(c) SAHELI
Answer:
(a) MTP (Medical Termination of Pregnancy): MTP refers to the deliberate termination of pregnancy before full-term development using medical or surgical procedures.

It is performed in cases of unwanted pregnancy, contraceptive failure, or when pregnancy poses a risk to the mother’s health.
It is considered safer when carried out during the early stages of pregnancy.
Proper medical supervision is essential to avoid complications.

RTIs are infections affecting the reproductive organs and may be caused by bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms.

They may spread through sexual contact (STIs) or result from poor hygiene.
Common symptoms include pain, abnormal discharge, itching, and infertility if untreated.
Early diagnosis and proper treatment help prevent complications.

SAHELT is an oral contraceptive pill developed in India.

It is a non-steroidal, once-a-week pill that is convenient to use.
It produces fewer side effects when compared to many hormonal contraceptive pills.
It is widely used as a method of family planning and birth control.

Question 5.
Write short notes on any two of the following, suggesting some methods that can help infertile couples to have children.
(a) IVF (In Vitro Fertilization)
(b) GIFT (Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer)
(c) ICSI (Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection)
Answer:
(a) IVF-In Vitro Fertilization :

Fertilization of the ovum takes place outside the body under laboratory conditions.
The developing embryo is cultured up to the early stage and then transferred into the uterus.
This technique is commonly known as the test-tube baby technique.
The sperm and ovum may be obtained either from the couple themselves or from donors.
The embryo may be implanted in the biological mother or a surrogate mother.

(b) GIFT (Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer):

GIFT is an Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) used to help infertile couples achieve pregnancy.
In this method, an ovum (egg) collected from a donor is transferred into the fallopian tube of another female. Fertilization occurs naturally inside the body (in vivo).
It is useful for women who cannot produce ova but possess normal fallopian tubes and a healthy uterus capable of supporting embryo development.

ICSI is a specialized ART technique in which a single sperm is directly injected into the ovum to facilitate fertilization.
This method is especially useful in cases of very low sperm count or poor sperm quality.
The resulting embryo is later transferred into the uterus for further development.

I. Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Amniocentesis is used to detect genetic diseases like.
1) Hepatitis B
2) HIV
3) Haemophilia
4) Syphilis
Answer:
3) Haemophilia

Question 2.
Identify the Intrauterine device (IUD).
1) Diaphragms
2) Lippes Loop
3) Cervical Caps
4) Condom
Answer:
2) Lippes Loop

Question 3.
The sterilization procedure in the male is called.
1) Vasectomy
2) Tubectomy
3) Periodic Abstinence
4) MTP
Answer:
1) Vasectomy

Question 4.
The Transfer of the Zygote or early embryo (with upto 8 blastomeres) into the Fallopian Tube is called.
1. GIFT
2) ICSI
3) ZIFT
4) IUI
Answer:
3) ZIFT

Question 5.
In vitro fertilization (IVF), followed by the transfer of embryo into the female genital tract, is called.
1. IUI
2) Test Tube baby
3) GIFT
4) IVI
Answer:
3) GIFT

Question 6.
What are the major tasks of “Reproductive and Child Health Care (RCH) programmes”?
a) Creating awareness among people about various reproduction-related aspects,
b) Providing facilities regarding reproductive and child health care;
c) Support for building up a reproductively healthy society,
d) Encouraging population explosion
1. a,b only
2) c,d only
3) a,b,c only
4) a,c,d only
Answer:
3) a,b,c only

Question 7.
Which of the following statements is correct?
1. Abortions could happen spontaneously too.
2. Infertility is defined as the inability to produce a viable offspring and is always due to Abnormalities/ defects in the female partner.
3. Completely lactation could help as a barrier method of Contraception.
4. Tubectomy prevents transportation of gametes in males.
Answer:
3. Completely lactation could help as a barrier method of Contraception.

II. Fill in the Blanks

1. Genetic disorders like Down syndrome, Haemophilia, sickle cell anaemia are detected by method.
Answer:
Amniocentesis

2. Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) is located in ……………………….. .
Answer:
Lucknow

3. The Terminal surgical method to pregnancy is called ……………………… .
Answer:
Sterilization

4. In India, the medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) is legalized in the year ……………………… .
Answer:
1971

5. In …………………….. technique, semen collected from the husband or healthy donor is artificially introduced into the vagina or into the uterus.
Answer:
Intrauterine insemination

III. One Word Answer Questions

Question 1.
Name the new oral contraceptive pill for the females developed by Central Drug Research Institute.
Answer:
SAHELI

Question 2.
Which age group of persons are more vulnerable to the reproductive tract infections and venereal diseases (VDs)?
Answer:
15 to 24 Years.

Question 3.
What are the commonly known special techniques used to help infertile couples to have children?
Answer:
Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART).

Question 4.
Name the method in which a sperm is directly injected into the ovum.
Answer:
Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm injection.

Question 5.
In which year was a “family planning” program initiated in India?
Answer:
1951.

Objective Questions

Question 1.
Which of the following is an example of an IUD?
1. Copper-T
2. Condom
3. Vasectomy
4. Pill
Answer:
1. Copper-T

Question 2.
Which substances are present in contraceptive pills?
1. Progesterone and estrogen
2. Spermicidal salts
3. Chemicals causing automatic abortion
4. Chemicals that prevent fertilization of ovum
Answer:
1. Progesterone and estrogen

Question 3.
What does the abbreviation MTP stand for?
1. Multi trade practices
2. Malthusian theory on populations
3. Multiple temporary frequency
4. Medical termination of pregnancy
Answer:
4. Medical termination of pregnancy

Question 4.
Tubectomy is mainly performed to prevent
1. Coitus
2. Eggs formation
3. Fertilization
4. Embryonic development
Answer:
3. Fertilization

Question 5.
Which hormone is an important component of oral contraceptive pills?
1. Thyroxine
2. LH
3. Progesterone
4. GH
Answer:
3. Progesterone

Question 6.
Tubectomy, as a method of population control, is carried out on
1. Both males and females
2. Males only
3. Females only
4. Only pregnant women
Answer:
3. Females only

Question 7.
Which of the following is a commonly adopted method of sterilization?
1. IUCD
2. Diaphragm
3. Tubectomy
4. Loop
Answer:
3. Tubectomy

Question 8.
Which mechanical barrier is commonly used for birth control?
1. Copper-T
2. Diaphragm
3. Loop
4. Dalcon shield
Answer:
2. Diaphragm

Question 9.
Which statement correctly describes surrogacy?
1. Surrogate mother is biological mother for the baby
2. The baby will have two biological fathers
3. A woman provides her uterus for the development of someone else’s embryo
4. None
Answer:
3. A woman provides her uterus for the development of some other’s embryo

Question 10.
Which statement about a test tube baby is correct?
1. Fertilization inside female genital tract and growth in test tube
2. Rearing of prematurely bom baby in incubator
3. Fertilization outside and gestation inside the womb of mother
4. Both fertilization and development outside the female genital tract
Answer:
3. Fertilization outside and gestation inside the womb of mother

Question 11.
W hy is breastfeeding considered the best feeding?
1. enhances immunity
2. protects against allergies
3. reduces chances of immediate conception
4. all the above
Answer:
4. all the above

Question 12.
Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART), in which the ‘Test Tube Baby’ technique is employed, is known as
1. Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)
2. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
3. In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF/ET)
4. Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)
Answer:
3. In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF/ET)

Question 13.
Which of the following is a major constituent of oral contraceptive pills?
1. progesterone
2. oxytocin
3. relaxin
4. oiplex
Answer:
1. progesterone

Question 14.
Oral contraceptive pills help in preventing pregnancy by
1. killing the sperms in uterus
2. preventing implantation
3. preventing ovulation
4. both (2) and (3)
Answer:
4. both (2) and (3)

Question 15.
Amniocentesis is carried out for
1. digestion of amino acids
2. conversion of glucose to amino acids
3. taking out of cells near the foetus
4. killing of child before birth
Answer:
3. taking out of cells near the foetus

Question 16.
The Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer (GIFT) technique is recommended for women
1. who cannot produce an ovum
2. who cannot retain the foetus inside uterus
3. whose cervical canal is too narrow to allow passage for the sperms
4. who cannot provide suitable environment for fertilization
Answer:
1. who cannot produce an ovum

Question 17.
Which of the following is a legally accepted method of birth control?
1. by abstaining from coitus from day 10 to 17 of the menstrual cycle
2. by having coitus at the time of day break
3. by a premature ejaculation during coitus
4. abortion by taking an appropriate medicine
Answer:
4. abortion by taking an appropriate medicine

Question 18.
Which of the following acts as a hormone-releasing Intrauterine Device (IUD)?
1. Multiload 375
2. LNG – 20
3. Cervical cap
4. Vault
Answer:
2. LNG – 20

Question 19.
Identify the incorrectly matched pair.
1. syphilis – Trichuris trichiura
2. sleeping sickness – Trypanosoma gambiense
3. dengue Fever – arbovirus
4. plague – Yersinia pestis
Answer:
1. syphilis – Trichuris trichiura

Question 20.
Progesterone pill helps to avoid pregnancy mainly by preventing
1. ovum formation
2. fertilization
3. implantation
4. none of these
Answer:
1. ovum formation

Question 21.
GIFT involves the transfer of
1. a mixture of sperms and ova into the uterus
2. embryo into the uterus
3. a mixture of sperms and ova into the Fallopian tube
4. zygote into the Fallopian tube
Answer:
3. a mixture of sperms and ova into the Fallopian tube

Question 22.
In vitro fertilisation is a technique that involves transfer of which of the following into the Fallopian tube? ( 2 )
1. Embryo only, up to 8-cell stage
2. Either zygote or early embryo up to 8-cell stage
3. Embryo of 32-cell stage
4. Zygote only
Answer:
2. Either zygote or early embryo up to 8-cell stage

Question 23.
Amniocentesis is mainly permitted for
1. detecting sex of the unborn foetus
2. artificial insemination
3. transfer of embryo into the uterus of a surrogate mother
4. detecting any genetic abnormality
Answer:
4. Detecting any genetic abnormality

Question 24.
Up to how many weeks is Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) considered safe?
1. Eight weeks
2. Twelve weeks
3. Eighteen weeks
4. Six weeks
Answer:
2. Twelve weeks

Question 25.
Which of the following cannot be identified in a developing foetus through amniocentesis?
1. Down’s syndrome
2. Jaundice
3. Klinefelter’s syndrome
4. Sex of the foetus
Answer:
2. Jaundice

Question 26.
Tubectomy is a sterilization method in which
1. small part of the Fallopian tube is removed or tied up
2. ovaries are removed surgically
3. small part of vas deferens is removed or tied up
4. uterus is removed surgically
Answer:
1. small part of the Fallopian tube is removed or tied up

Question 27.
Copper-releasing intrauterine devices (IUDs) release Cu ions to
1. make uterus unsuitable for implantation
2. increase phagocytosis of sperms
3. suppress sperm motility
4. prevent ovulation
Answer:
3. suppress sperm motility

Question 28.
In assisted reproductive technology, IVF involves the transfer of
1. ovum into the Fallopian tube
2. zygote into the Fallopian tube
3. zygote into the uterus
4. embryo with 16 blastomeres into the Fallopian tube
Answer:
2. Zygote into the Fallopian tube

Question 29.
Which of the following is not a sexually transmitted disease?
1. Trichomoniasis
2. Encephalitis
3. Syphilis
4. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Answer:
2. Encephalitis

Question 30.
Which virus is not transmitted through the semen of an infected male? ( 1 )
1. Chikungunya virus
2. Ebola virus
3. Hepatitis B virus
4. Human immunodeficiency virus
Answer:
1. Chikungunya virus

Question 31.
A childless couple can be helped through a technique called GIFT. What is the full form of GIFT?
1. Gamete Internal Fertilisation and Transfer
2. Germ cell Internal Fallopian Transfer
3. Gamete Inseminated Fallopian Transfer
4. Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer
Answer:
4. Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer

Question 32.
In embryo transfer, embryos produced by in vitro fertilisation are transferred into the
1. uterus
2. Fallopian tube
3. fimbriae
4. cervix
Answer:
1. uterus

Question 33.
Genital warts are caused by
1. Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
2. Treponema pallidum
3. Trichomonas vaginalis
4. Human papillomavirus (HPV)
Answer:
4. Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Question 34.
Which of the following techniques involves the direct introduction of gametes into the oviduct?
1. MTPS
2. ET
3. IVF
4. GIFT
Answer:
4. GIFT

Question 35.
Which of the following is a method of birth control?
1. IUDS
2. GIFT
3. HTF
4. IVF-ET
Answer:
1. IUDS

Question 36.
Syphilis is caused by
1. Treponema pallidum
2. Plasmodium
3. Neisseria gonorrhea
4. Entamoeba histolytica
Answer:
1. Treponema pallidum