{"id":14064,"date":"2024-03-22T15:57:37","date_gmt":"2024-03-22T10:27:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tsboardsolutions.in\/?p=14064"},"modified":"2024-03-25T17:09:55","modified_gmt":"2024-03-25T11:39:55","slug":"ts-10th-class-physical-science-important-questions-chapter-11","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tsboardsolutions.in\/ts-10th-class-physical-science-important-questions-chapter-11\/","title":{"rendered":"TS 10th Class Physical Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Principles of Metallurgy"},"content":{"rendered":"
These TS 10th Class Physical Science Chapter Wise Important Questions<\/a> Chapter 11 Principles of Metallurgy will help the students to improve their time and approach.<\/p>\n 1 Mark Questions<\/span><\/p>\n Question 1. Question 2. Question 3. Question 4. Question 5. <\/p>\n Question 6. Question 7. Question 8. Question 9. Question 10. Question 11. <\/p>\n Question 12. Question 13. Question 14. Question 15. Question 16. Question 17. Question 18. Question 19. Question 20. Question 21. Question 22. <\/p>\n Question 23. Question 24. Question 25. Question 26. Question 27. Question 28. Question 29. Question 30. Question 31. Question 32. <\/p>\n Question 33. Question 34. Question 35. Question 36. 2 Marks Questions<\/span><\/p>\n Question 1. Question 2. Question 3. Question 4. Question 5. Question 6. <\/p>\n Question 7. Question 8. Question 9. Question 10. Question 11. Question 12. Question 13. Question 14. Question 15. Question 16. Question 17. Question 18. Furnace has mainly three parts :<\/p>\n Question 19. 4 Marks Questions<\/span><\/p>\n Question 1. <\/p>\n Question 2. 3) The process that has to be adopted for purification of a given metal depends on the nature of the metal and its Impurities. ii) Poling: The molten metal Is stirred with logs of green wood: The impurities are removed either as gases or they get oxidized and form sum (slag) over the surface of the molten metal. Blister copper is purified by this method.<\/p>\n iii) Liquatlon: In this method, a low-melting metal like Tin can be made to flow on a slope surface to separate it from high-melting impurities.<\/p>\n iv) Electrolytic refining: Question 3. Froth Flotation process <\/p>\n Question 4. Chemistry of corrosion: Question 5. The metal oxides are then reduced to the corresponding metals by using the following methods: 3. Auto (self) reduction of sulphide ores: In the extraction of copper (Cu) from its sulphide ore, the ore is subjected to partial roasting In air to give its oxide. When the supply of air Is stopped and Increase temperature results in the reaction of rest of sulphide ore with oxide to form metal and SO3<\/sub>. 4. Reduction of ores (compounds) by more reactive metals: When highly reactive metals such as sodium, calcium, aluminium etc., are used as reducing agents, they displace metals of low reactivity from the compound. Question 6. Question 7. Question 8. Do You Know?<\/span><\/p>\n Alloying is a method of improving the properties of a metal. We can get desired properties by this method. For example, iron is the most widely used metal. But it \u00a1s never used in its pure state. This is because pure iron is very soft and stretches easily when hot. But, if it is mixed with a small amount of carbon, it becomes hard and strong. This alloy is called steel.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n When iron is mixed with nickel and chromium we get stainless steel which will not rust. These TS 10th Class Physical Science Chapter Wise Important Questions Chapter 11 Principles of Metallurgy will help the students to improve their time and approach. TS 10th Class Physical Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Principles of Metallurgy 1 Mark Questions Question 1. What are minerals? Answer: The elements or compounds of the metals which occur … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tsboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14064"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tsboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tsboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tsboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tsboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14064"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/tsboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14064\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14082,"href":"https:\/\/tsboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14064\/revisions\/14082"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tsboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14064"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tsboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14064"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tsboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14064"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}TS 10th Class Physical Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Principles of Metallurgy<\/h2>\n
\nWhat are minerals?
\nAnswer:
\nThe elements or compounds of the metals which occur in nature in the earths crust are called minerals.<\/p>\n
\nWhat are ores?
\nAnswer:
\nThe minerals from which the metals are extracted without economical loss are called ores.<\/p>\n
\nName few highly reactive metals, which are never found in nature in free state.
\nAnswer:
\nK, Na, Ca, Mg, Al.<\/p>\n
\nName few moderately reactive metals.
\nAnswer:
\nZn, Fe, Pb, Cu.<\/p>\n
\nName few metals which occur in native state in nature. Why do they occur so?
\nAnswer:
\nGold, Platinum and Silver are the metals which occur in native state in nature because of their low chemical reactivity.<\/p>\n
\nWhat is dressing of an ore?
\nAnswer:
\nThe process of removal of impurities from an ore Is called dressing of the ore or concentration of the ore.<\/p>\n
\nWhat is activity series?
\nAnswer:
\nArranging the metals in the decreasing order of their reactivity is known as activity series
\nK>Na>Ca>Mg>Al>Zn>Fe>Pb>H>Cu>Hg>Ag>Au
\nHighly reactive Moderately reactive Less reactive<\/p>\n
\nHow do you extract highly reactive metals?
\nAnswer:
\nHighly reactive metals can be extracted by electrolysis of their fused compounds.<\/p>\n
\nHow do you extract moderately reactive metals?
\nAnswer:
\nThese metals are generally present as sulphides or carbonates. They are converted to oxides before reducing them to metals.<\/p>\n
\nWhat Is roasting? Give an example.
\nAnswer:
\nThe process in which the ore s heated in the presence of oxygen or air below its melting point Is called roasting.
\nEg: 2ZnS + 3O2<\/sub> \u2192 2ZnO + 2SO2<\/sub><\/p>\n
\nWhat is calcInation ? Give an example.
\nAnswer:
\nThe process in which the ore is heated in the absence of oxygen or air is called calcination.
\nEg: MgCO3<\/sub> \u2192 MgO + CO2<\/sub><\/p>\n
\nMention some properties of metals.
\nAnswer:
\nMalleability, Ductility, Sonarity, Lusture, Electrical conductivity, etc., are some properties of metals.<\/p>\n
\nDefine Metallurgy.
\nAnswer:
\nMetallurgy is the process of extraction of metals from their ores.<\/p>\n
\nWhat is the major source of metals?
\nAnswer:
\nEarth\u2019s crust is the major source of metals.<\/p>\n
\nWhy do we call the oxygen-sulphur group chalcogen family?
\nAnswer:
\nWe know that most of the ores of many metals are oxides and sulphides. This is why the oxygen-sulphur (16-group) group is called chalcogen furry. (Chalco-oregenus produce).<\/p>\n
\nArrange the following metals In descending order of their reactivity. K, Zn, Ag, Fe, Ca, Au, Na, Pb.
\nAnswer:
\nHighly reactive metals: K, Na, Ca
\nModerately reactive metals: Zn, Fe, Pb
\nLow reactive metals: Ag, Au
\nThe descending order of their reactivity: K, Na, Ca, Zn, Fe, Pb, Ag, Au,<\/p>\n
\nWhat is concentration or dressing?
\nAnswer:
\nConcentration or dressing means, simply getting rid of as much of the unwanted rocky material as possible before the ore is converted Into the metal.<\/p>\n
\nHow to choose a physical method in enriching of the ore?
\nAnswer:
\nThe physical methods adopted in dressing or enriching of the ore depends upon difference between physical properties of ore and gangue.<\/p>\n
\nGive an example for reduction of metal oxide with carbon.
\nAnswer:
\nThe oxides are reduced by coke In a dosed female which gives the metal and carbon monoxide.
\n<\/p>\n
\nGive an example for reduction of oxide ore with CO. (ASI)
\nAnswer:
\n<\/p>\n
\nWhat is refining?
\nAnswer:
\nThe process of obtaining the pure metal from the impure metal is called refining of the metal.<\/p>\n
\nMention some important methods of refining.
\nAnswer:
\nThe important methods of refining are.
\na) Distillation
\nb) Poling
\nc) Liquation
\nd) Electrolysis.<\/p>\n
\nWhat is flux?
\nAnswer:
\nFlux Is a substance added to the ore to remove the gangue from it by reacting with ore. It the impurity is acidic substance, basic substance is used as flux and vice-versa.<\/p>\n
\nWhat is the role of furnace in metallurgy?
\nAnswer:
\nThe furnace is the one which is used to carry out pyrochemical processes In metallurgy.<\/p>\n
\nWhy do we add impurities to electrolytes during electrolytic extraction of metals?
\nAnswer:
\nA large quantity of electricity is required to keep the ore in molten state, during electrolysis. Hence suitable impurities are added to the ore (electrolyte) to decrease its melting point.<\/p>\n
\nHow do various metals In the activity series react with chlorine on heating?
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n\n
\nIs Silver is mineral or Ore? Justify your answer.
\nAnswer:
\nSilver neither mineral nor ore. It Is a metal.<\/p>\n
\nWhat is Gangue?
\nAnswer:
\nThe impurities obtained during dressing of ore is called gangue.<\/p>\n
\nWhere are used the thermite process in daily life?
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n\n
\nGive any two examples of ores with their formulas.
\nAnswer:
\nBauxite AlO2<\/sub>. 2H2<\/sub>O
\nMagnesite MgCO3<\/sub><\/p>\n
\nWhat are the preventive methods do you take for rusting iron materials?
\nAnswer:
\nIron materials can be prevented from rusting by<\/p>\n\n
\nHow do you know the reactivity of metals with chlorine, decreases from top to bottom?
\nAnswer:
\nWe know that the reactivity of metals with chlorine decreases from top to bottom from the heat evolved when the metal reacts with one mole of chlorine gas to form chloride.<\/p>\n
\nAluminium occurs in combined state in nature whereas gold Is found In free state. Why?
\nAnswer:
\nGold has low reactivity and so occurs In free state. Aluminium is electropositive metal and has high reactivity and occurs as oxide or chloride.<\/p>\n
\nWhy is carbon not used for reducing aluminium from aluminium oxide?
\nAnswer:
\nThe oxide of aluminium is very stable and can be reduced by electrolytic process.<\/p>\n
\nAn ore gives CO2<\/sub> on treatment with dilute acid. Identify th. ore and name the process that should be used to concentrate this ore.
\nAnswer:
\nThe ore gives CO2<\/sub> on treatment with dilute acid, therefore It is a carbonate ore. The ore after concentration is converted Into free metal by<\/p>\n\n
\nName two metals other than aluminium which are obtained by electrolytic reduction.
\nAnswer:
\nSodium and Magnesium.<\/p>\n
\nSilicon Is a metalloid. How do you support this?
\nAnswer:
\nSilicon exhibits following properties, so I conclude that it is a metalloid.<\/p>\n\n
\nMention the most important metals and non-metals from the following products.
\na) Annapurna salt
\nb) Liquid used in thermometer
\nc) Lead of the pencil
\nd) Chlorophyll
\ne) Filament in electric bulb
\nf) Enamel layer on teeth
\nAnswer:
\na) Annapurna salt: Iodine, chlorine: Non-metals
\nb) Liquid used in thermometer: Mercury: Metal
\nc) Lead of the pencil: Graphite: Non-metal
\nd) Chlorophyll : Magnesium: Metal
\ne) Filament in electric bulb: Tungsten: Metal
\nf) Enamel layer on teeth: Calcium phosphate: Non-metal<\/p>\n
\nIdentify the metal present In the following Ores.
\ni) Epsom Salt
\nii) Horn Silver
\niii) Cinnabar
\niv) Galena
\nAnswer:
\ni) Magnesium
\nii) Silver
\niii) Mercury
\niv) Lead<\/p>\n
\nWhat Is meant by extraction of metals?
\nAnswer:
\nThe separation of metals from ores Is called extraction of metals.<\/p>\n
\nWrite the chemical equations of thermite reactions.
\nAnswer:
\n2Al + Fe2<\/sub>O3<\/sub> \u2192 Al2<\/sub>O3<\/sub> + 2Fe + Heat
\n2Al + Cr2<\/sub>O3<\/sub> \u2192 Al2<\/sub>O3<\/sub> + 2Cr + heat<\/p>\n
\nGive an example of auto reduction of sulphide ores.
\nAnswer:
\nIn the extraction of Cu, from its sulphide ore, the ore is subjected to partial roasting in air to give its oxide.
\n2Cu2<\/sub>S + 3O2<\/sub>\u2192 2Cu2<\/sub>O+ 2SO2<\/sub>
\nWhen the supply of air Is stopped and the temperature Is raised, the rest of the sulphide reacts with oxide and forms the metal and SO2<\/sub>
\n2Cu2<\/sub>O + Cu2<\/sub>S \u2192 6Cu + SO2<\/sub><\/p>\n
\nExplain the process of hand-picking.
\nAnswer:
\nIf the ore particles and the impurities are different in one of the properties like colour, size, etc., the ore particles are hand-picked, using that property. Thus, the metal particles are separated from their impurities.<\/p>\n
\nWhat is the role of washing In enriching the ore?
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n\n
\nWrite the reactions inside a blast furnace.
\nAnswer:
\nThe reactions inside a blast furnace are :
\n2C (Fuel) +O2<\/sub> \u2192 2CO
\nFe2<\/sub>O3<\/sub> (Haemette)+ 3C0 \u2192 2Fe + 3CO2<\/sub>
\n<\/p>\n
\nDo all furnaces have same structure? Explain.
\nAnswer:
\nDifferent furnaces have different structures.<\/p>\n\n
\nHow do various metals in activity series react with steam?
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n\n
\nHow do various metals in the activity series react with dilute strong acids?
\nAnswer:
\n1) The metals from potassium to lead displace hydrogen from dilute strong acids with decreasing reactivity.
\na) The reaction of potassium is explosive
\nb) The reaction of magnesium is vigorous
\nc) The reaction of Iron is steady
\nd) The reaction of lead is slow
\n2) The metals from copper to gold do not displace H, from strong dilute acids.<\/p>\n
\nHow do you reduce purified ore to the metal of the top of activity series? Explain.
\nAnswer:
\nThe reduction of ore to particular metal mainly depends on position of metal in the activity senes.
\nExtraction of metals at the top of activity series<\/p>\n\n
\nWhat are the preventive techniques used in corrosion of metals?
\n(OR)
\nWrite two precautions to prevent corrosion of metals in your daily life.
\nAnswer:
\nPrevention of corrosion of metals<\/p>\n\n
\nGive some examples for corrosion.
\nAnswer:
\nExamples for corrosion:<\/p>\n\n
\nWhat is 22-carat gold? Why It Is preferred for making jewellery?
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n\n
\nWrite about the electrolysis of NaCl.
\nAnswer:
\n1) Fused NaCI is electrolysed with steel cathode and graphite anode.
\n2) The metal sodium (Na) will be deposited at cathode and chlorine gas liberates at the anode.
\nAt Cathode : 2 Na+<\/sup> + 2e–<\/sup> \u2192 2Na
\nAt Anode: 2Cl–<\/sup> \u2192 Cl2<\/sub> + 2e–<\/sup><\/p>\n
\nWhat is a furnace? Explain various parts of furnace.
\nAnswer:
\nFurnace: Furnace Is the one which is used to carry out pyrochemical processes in metallurgy.<\/p>\n\n
\nWhy alloying s preferred for metals? Explain with examples.
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n\n
\nThe results of reactions of metals A, B, C, D, and E with different solutions are given In the table below. Observe the table and write answers.
\n
\na) Which Is the highly reactive metal? Why?
\nb) Which is the least reactive metal? Why?
\nc) Which metals form brown layer?
\nd) Arrange the metals A, B, C, D, E In the order of their reactivity?
\nAnswer:
\na) Metal \u2018E\u2019 is more reactive among all the metals given because it displaces all the elements from the compounds given In the table.
\nb) Metal \u2018C is the least reactive metal because it does not displace any other metal from the compounds given in the table.
\nc) Metals B and E will form brown layer.
\nd) The ascending order is as follows C < A < D < B < E.<\/p>\n
\nExplain purification or refining of crude metal.
\n(OR)
\nWrite the short notes on each of the following.
\na) Distillation
\nb) Poling
\nC) Liquation
\nd) Electrolysis
\n(OR)
\nState the methods used to the purification of crude metals. Explain In which context these methods are used.
\nAnswer:
\n1) The process of obtaining the pure metal from the impure metal is called refining of the metal.
\n2) Some of the processes of refining are<\/p>\n\n
\ni) Distillation: This method is very useful for purification of low boiling \u2018metals like zinc (Zn) and mercury (Hg) containing high-boiling metals as impurities: The extracted metal in the molten state \u00a1s distilled to obtain the pure metal as distillate.<\/p>\n
\n1. In this method, the impure metal is made to act as anode.
\n2. A strip of the same metal in pure form is used as cathode.
\n3. They are put in a suitable electrolytic bath containing soluble salt of the same metal.
\n4. The required metal gets deposited on the cathode in the pure form.
\n5. The metal constituting impurity, goes as the anode mud. The reactions are:
\nAt anode: M \u2192 Mn+<\/sup>+ n.e
\nAt cathode: Mn+<\/sup>+ n. e–<\/sup> \u2192 M
\n(M = pure metal, n 1, 2, 3,)<\/p>\n
\nWrite the physical methods used for the concentration of the ore. Explain the method used for concentration of the sulphide ore.
\nAnswer:
\nMethods used for the concentration of ore:<\/p>\n\n
\nForth flotation process is used for concentration of sulphide ore.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
\n
\nFroth Floatation process for the concentration of sulphide ores<\/p>\n\n
\nWhat Is corrosion? Explain the chemistry of corrosion. (or) Explain the process involved In corrosion.
\nAnswer:
\nCorrosion: Corrosion is the deterioration of a metal as a result of chemical reaction between it and the surrounding environment.<\/p>\n
\n1. The chemistry of corrosion in quite complex but it may be considered essentially as an electrochemical phenomenon.
\n2. During corrosion at a particular spot on the surface of an object made of iron, oxidation takes place and that spot behaves as anode.
\nAnode : 2Fe \u2192 2 Fe2+<\/sup> + 4e–<\/sup>
\n3. Electrons released at this anodic spot move through the metal and go to another spot on the metal and reduce oxygen at that spot in presence of H+<\/sup>.
\n4. This spot behaves as cathode with the reaction.
\nCathode : O2<\/sub> + 4H+<\/sup> + 4e–<\/sup> \u2192 2H2<\/sub>O
\n5. The overall reaction is: 2Fe + O2<\/sub> + 4H+<\/sup> \u2192 2Fe2+<\/sup> + 2H2<\/sub>O
\n6. The ferrous ions (Fe2+<\/sup>)are further oxidised by atmospheric oxygen to ferric Ions (Fe3+<\/sup>) which come out as rust In the form of hydrated ferric oxide (Fe2<\/sub>O3<\/sub>. XH2<\/sub>O) and with further production of hydrogen ions.<\/p>\n
\nHow do you extract metals In the middle of activity series?
\nAnswer:
\nExtraction of metals In the middle of the activity series:
\nThe ores of these metals are generally present as sulphides or carbonates. Therefore prior to reduction of ores of these metals, they must be converted into metal oxides.<\/p>\n
\n1. ReductIon of metal oxides with carbon: The oxides are reduced by coke in closed furnace which gives the metal and carbon monoxide (CO).
\n
\n2. ReductIon of oxide ores with CO:
\n<\/p>\n
\n2Cu2<\/sub>S + 3O2<\/sub> \u2192 2Cu2<\/sub>O + 2SO2<\/sub><\/p>\n
\n2Cu2<\/sub>O + Cu2<\/sub>S \u2192 6Cu + SO2<\/sub><\/p>\n
\n<\/p>\n
\nHow do you extract metals at the bottom of the activity series?
\nAnswer:
\n1. Metals at bottom of the activity series are often found in free state.
\n2. The oxides of these metals can be reduced to metals by heat alone and sometimes by displacement from their aqueous solutions.
\n3. When cinnabar (HgS) is heated In air, It s converted into HgO, then reduced to mercury on further heating.
\n
\n4. Displacement from aqueous solution. When Ag2<\/sub>S is dissolved in KCN solution it forms di cardio argentite (1) ions. From these ions by treating with Zn dust powder Ag is precipitated.
\nEg : Ag2<\/sub>S + 4CN–<\/sup> \u2192 2[Ag(CN)2<\/sub>)]–<\/sup> + S2-<\/sup>
\n2 [Ag(CN)2<\/sub>]–<\/sup>(aq)<\/sub> + Zn(s)<\/sub> \u2192 [Zn(CN)4<\/sub>]2-<\/sup>(aq)<\/sub> + 2Ag(s)<\/sub><\/p>\n
\nDraw the diagram of blast furnace and label it parts.
\nAnswer:
\n<\/p>\n
\nWhat are various types of furnaces? Explain.
\nAnswer:
\nVarious types of furnaces:<\/p>\n\n
\nPure gold, known as 24-carat gold, is very soft. It is, therefore, not suitable for making jewellery. It is alloyed with either silver or copper to make it hard. Generally in India, 22-carat gold is used for making ornaments. It means that 22 parts of pure gold is alloyed with 2 parts of either silver or copper. (Page 248)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"